Cilj istraživanja bio je istražiti utjecaj apikalne defolijaciju (uklanjanje lišća iznad zone grožđa) kao moguću strategiju ublažavanja negativnih učinaka klimatskih promjena na vinovu lozu. Smanjenje ukupne lisne mase može smanjiti transpiracijske gubitke vode i time poboljšati vodni status biljaka, ali i reducirati fotosintetski potencijal što za posljedicu može imati usporavanje dozrijevanja grožđa. Početkom šare grožđa uklonjeno je oko 33% od ukupne lisne mase, ali iznad zone grozdova. U kontrolnoj varijanti zahvat defolijacije nije proveden. Apikalna defolijacija nije utjecala na elemente uroda sorte ‘Graševina’ gledano kroz broj grozdova po trsu, prosječnu masu grozda i ukupni urod po trsu. S druge strane, utjecala je na povećanje ukupne kiselosti u grožđu. Osim toga, utjecala je na smanjenje viših alkohola, ali i na povećanje aldehida, terpena, masnih kiselina, hlapljivih fenola i C13- norizoprenoida. Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na to da apikalna defolijacija može značajno modificirati aromatski profil grožđa sorte ‘Graševina’, što je osobito važno u kontekstu prilagodbe vinogradarske proizvodnje klimatskim promjenama.

Basal defoliation is a widely used canopy management practice that alters cluster microclimate, influencing berry composition and helping mitigate environmental stress during ripening. This research was carried out to investigate the influence of timing of basal defoliation on vegetative and reproductive growth, primary grape composition, and the volatile and phenolic profiles of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes grown on the Croatian hillside. Defoliation treatments were performed before flowering, at berry set, grape closure and veraison. As a result of lower cluster weight, defoliation performed before flowering reduced yield. There was no effect of defoliation on the soluble solids, while defoliation at veraison decreased total acidity and anthocyanins. Timing of defoliation influenced berry skin composition, with defoliation at veraison reducing and early defoliation enhancing the accumulation of phenolics, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavan-3-ols. Defoliation before flowering increased flavonol and resveratrol levels while reducing C6 compounds associated with green and vegetal aromas, suggesting that removing basal leaves early in the season can improve the phenolic and volatile composition of grapes and thereby enhance characteristics associated with wine quality potential, although it may result in yield reduction. The stronger response in cooler season suggests that the effectiveness of basal defoliation is highly dependent on climatic conditions.

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj različitih rokova berbe na sadržaj hlapljivih spojeva u grožđu sorte ‘Sauvignon bijeli’, berbe 2023. godine, vinogorja Plešivica-Okić. Berba se odvijala u tri različita roka s četiri do sedam dana razmaka te je pokus postavljen po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu s tri ponavljanja od po deset trsova. Rok berbe utjecao je na osnovni kemijski sastav grožđa u vidu kontinuiranog povećanja koncentracije šećera, jabučne kiseline i pH vrijednosti. S druge strane, ukupne kiseline u grožđu su se smanjivale prema trećem roku berbe. Ustanovljeno je da rok berbe nije imao utjecaj na sadržaj ukupnih aldehida, hlapljivih fenola, terpena i viših alkohola. U trećem roku berbe došlo je do povećanja sadržaja estera i C13 norizoprenoida. Sadržaj masnih kiselina bio je najviši u drugom roku berbe.

The increase in temperature affected the entire plant world, including the vines. These changes are reflected in the quantity and quality of the harvest, the chemical composition, and the appearance of the phenological phases of the grapevine. The shift of budding towards the beginning of the year can be particularly worrying due to the frequent occurrence of frost in the continental area of ​​Croatia. The shift of the harvest towards the warmer part of the year brings problems when storing grapes. Due to the great importance of viticulture for agriculture and tourism in Croatia, it is necessary to examine changes in the occurrence of phenological phases in current and future climatic conditions. Due to all of the above, statistical models were developed to describe the occurrence of phenological phases. Also, the crop model STICS was parameterized for the Croatian region and four grape varieties. Bayesian statistics were also used to get an insight into the amount of earlier and later harvests. To get a clearer picture of the changes in the future climate three CORDEX Regional Climate Models (RCMs) simulations (CLMcom-CCLM4-8-17, SMHI-RCA4, CNRM-ALADIN5.3) for the Croatian domain and varieties were used in this research. All RCMs are forced by output from Global Climate Models (GCMs) with moderate (RCP4.5) and high-end (RCP8.5) greenhouse gas (GHG) scenarios. SMHI-RCA4 is driven by five different GCMs (CNRM-CERFACS-CNRM-CM5, ICHEC-EC-EARTH, IPSL-IPSL-CM5A-MR, MOHC-HadGEM2-ES and MPI-M-MPI-ESM-LR), CLM by four (CNRM-CERFACS-CNRM-CM5, ICHEC-EC-EARTH and MOHC-HadGEM2-ES, MPI-M-MPI-ESM-LR), and CNRM-ALADIN5.3 with one (CNRM-CERFACS-CNRM-CM5). All the simulations have horizontal grid spacing of 0.11◦. The results show clear trends in the budburst and harvest shifting in Croatia, regardless of the variety. Future climate analysis indicates a further shift in the occurrence of phenological phases towards the beginning of the year (that is, an earlier occurrence). The expected shifts in budburst in the period P2 (2041-2070) compared to the period P0 (1971-2000) are more pronounced for traditional varieties ('Graševina' and 'Plavac mali'), where median differences suggest shifts of 15 days towards the beginning of the year, regardless of the RCP scenario. The results indicate a shift in budburst to early March, which is a particular threat for white varieties that are mostly grown in continental parts of Croatia where low temperatures and frost in March can reduce most of the harvest. In addition, the results indicate a further shift in harvesting in the future climate, and an increase in the number of early harvests, and a decrease in the number of later harvests, regardless of location and variety. The reduction in later harvests is the most significant and can be expected in the range of approximately 30-75%. So, according to the results, in the 30-year period (2041-2070) 30-75% of the years will no longer have the later harvest that took place in the period 1971-2000.

The research was conducted with the objective of determining the influence of inoculation with the live mycorrhizal mycelium on the grape ripening and the concentration of aromatic compounds in the Graševina variety’s must in the winegrowing region of Kutjevo. Graševina was grafted onto the Vitis berlandieri x Vitis riparia SO4 vine rootstock. The vines were of the Guyot variety, pruned with up to ten buds per vine. A mycorrhizal suspension in the amount of 20 ml, with approximately two thousand propagation units of living mycorrhizal mycelium, was inoculated into the immediate root zone. Climatic conditions in the research years differed significantly, as did the harvest dates. The first year was characterized by extremely rainy conditions, with excessive precipitation. During the second research year, the average air temperature at the time of grape ripening was approximately higher by 3 °C higher than that in the first year, and the average amount of precipitation was in the optimal range. The experiment was executed in two treatments with four repetitions, according to the scheme of a random block arrangement. A statistically significant difference was detected neither in the grape-ripening dynamics of grape ripening nor in the nature, but the mycorrhizal treatment had a higher average bunch weight in 2015. In the grape must of the 2014 harvest, mycorrhiza influenced a higher concentration of 1-hexanol, whereas a lower concentration of nerol was detected in 2015.

During the ripening process of grapes, the grapevine leaves are the most active green organs that are important for photosynthesis, which is closely linked to the development and metabolism of the plant. The detection of plant pigments and phenolic compounds in grapevine leaves can be a good indicator of the ageing process, vine vigor and the plant’s ability to respond to fungal attack. In a one-year study, the development of leaf chlorophylls, carotenoids and phenolic compounds during the ripening of six indigenous Croatian grape cultivars and the international cultivars Merlot and Chardonnay was investigated. The chlorophyll a/b ratio and total chlorophyll and total carotenoid concentrations were also investigated. PCA was used to highlight relevant information from the data with the aim of distinguishing individual compounds based on the cultivar and phenological stage. The leaf total hydroxycinnamic acid and flavan-3-ol concentrations decreased slowly during grape development, with the highest concentration immediately after flowering and the lowest during grape ripening. The concentrations of β-carotene, lutein and xanthophylls tended to decrease during bunch closure or veraison, while the concentration of chlorophylls a and b peaked during veraison and then decreased during grape ripening. This research will provide an opportunity to select cultivars with the physiological adaptation to synthesize secondary metabolites that are important for managing stress conditions.

Leaf removal in the grape zone is one of the most common viticultural practices to manipulate the microclimate of grapevines and reduce canopy density. The timing of defoliation plays an important role in the synthesis of volatile compounds in the grapes, as they are synthesized at different times during grape ripening. A two-year study (2018 and 2019) was conducted in a vineyard in the region of Croatian Uplands, sub-region Prigorje-Bilogora, to investigate the effects of different timing of leaf removal on the volatile profile of the grape variety Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.). The experiment was conducted with four treatments: no leaf and lateral shoot removal, basal leaf and lateral shoot removal before flowering, at bunch closure and at the beginning of veraison, with 4 basal leaves and all lateral shoots per shoot removed. Yield and leaf area to yield ratio were not affected by leaf removal, while early leaf removal (before flowering) reduced cluster and berry weight. Regardless of the time of defoliation, total acidity in the must decreased, while only defoliation at the beginning of the veraison led to an increase in sugar content in the must. Leaf removal reduced the content of C6 volatile compounds, which produce green and vegetal aromas. Changing the microclimate in the canopy by removing leaves can significantly improve the volatile composition of grapes and thus contribute to the improvement of grape quality.

Graševina je prema površinama vinograda i količini proizvedenog vina najvažnija sorta vinove loze u Republici Hrvatskoj. Mali broj istraživanja obuhvatio je definiranje njezinog aromatskog profila te promjena vezanih uz duljinu dozrijevanja vina u boci koje može značajno utjecati na kemijski sastav te senzorna svojstva vina. Za potrebe izrade ovog rada korištena su vina ‘Graševina’ različitih berbi (2018., 2019., 2020., 2021. i 2022.). Cilj rada bio je utvrditi razlike u koncentraciji hlapljivih spojeva i senzornim svojstvima vina ‘Graševina’ različitih berbi i duljine dozrijevanja vina u boci. Osnovne fizikalno-kemijske analize vina provedene su primjenom Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spektrometrije, a analiza hlapljivih spojeva pomoću vezanog sustava plinske kromatografije – spektrometar masa. Vino ´Graševina´ 2018. izdvojilo se najvišim koncentracijama ukupnih terpena, C13-norizoprenoida te pojedinačnim spojevima poput dietil-sukcinata, dok su više koncentracije etilnih i acetatnih estera te viših alkohola utvrđene u vinima berbe 2021. i 2022. Utvrđene razlike u sastavu hlapljivih spojeva utjecale su i na senzorna svojstva istraživanih vina pri čemu se ‘Graševina’ 2018. izdvojila aromama sušenog voća i meda, a berba 2022. izraženim cvjetnim i voćnim aromama.

The biochemical response and gene expression in different grapevine cultivars to water deficit are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated the performance of four traditional Croatian Vitis vinifera L. cultivars (‘Plavac mali crni’, ‘Istrian Malvasia’, ‘Graševina’, and ‘Tribidrag’), and one wild (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris) genotype exposed to water deficit (WD) for nine days under semi-controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Sampling for biochemical and gene expression analyses was performed at days six and nine from the beginning of WD treatment. The WD affected the accumulation of metabolites with a significant increase in abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and proline in the leaves of the stressed genotypes when the WD continued for nine days. Lipid peroxidation (MDA) was not significantly different from that of the control plants after six days of WD, whereas it was significantly lower (297.40 nmol/g dw) in the stressed plants after nine days. The cultivar ‘Istrian Malvasia’ responded rapidly to the WD and showed the highest and earliest increase in ABA levels (1.16 ng mg−1 dw, i.e., 3.4-fold increase compared to control). ‘Graševina’ differed significantly from the other genotypes in SA content at both time points analyzed (six and nine days, 47.26 and 49.63 ng mg−1 dw, respectively). Proline level increased significantly under WD (up to 5-fold at day nine), and proline variation was not genotype driven. The expression of aquaporin genes (TIP2;1 and PIP2;1) was down-regulated in all genotypes, coinciding with the accumulation of ABA. The gene NCED1 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) related to ABA was up-regulated in all genotypes under stress conditions and served as a reliable marker of drought stress. This work suggests that the stress response in metabolite synthesis and accumulation is complex, treatment- and genotype-dependent.

In recent decades, there have been significant changes in temperature and precipitation, as well as in the occurrence of phenological stages of the grapevine in most wine-growing regions around the world. These changes are not the same for each variety, nor in all locations. Due to the vulnerability of the viticulture sector, including the possible losses in production in the current winegrowing areas, as well as the planting of vineyards in new areas, it is of great importance to examine the trends in the occurrence of individual stages and to link them as successfully as possible with changes in meteorological parameters. The simplest approach to this is using agrometeorological indices (e.g., Growing degree day, GDD) which can determine the possibility of growing a certain variety. There is also the possibility of developing and testing simple statistical phenological models that serve to predict the occurrence of phenological stages. Four such models were tested for the prediction of four phenological stages (budburst, flowering, veraison, and harvest) for four grape varieties ('Gras ˇevina', 'Chardonnay', 'Merlot', and 'Plavac mali') in Croatia. The first two models are commonly used GDD models with a temperature base of 10 degrees C or 5 degrees C, and thresholds necessary for phenological stage to start depending on variety or variety and location. The other two models are based on the determination of the best multi-linear regression using as predictors monthly and multi-month averages of minimum temperature, maximum temperature, mean temperature, and total precipitation. The increase in temperature index values from the 1990s to today is particularly significant. Statistical phenological models also proved to be a good indicator of the occurrence of individual phenological stages. GDD models proved to be somewhat better in prediction, GDD models that use a temperature of 5 degrees C as a base proved to be better for predicting budburst, those that use a base of 10 degrees C proved to be better for the other stages and particularly for flowering (with agreement index d up to 0.8 and root mean square error of prediction RMSE from 5 to 10 days). Linear regression that uses temperature as a predictor and the same equation regardless of location proved to be very good in predicting the harvest of autochthonous varieties ('Gras ˇevina' and 'Plavac mali') with low RMSE (up to 10 days). The presented results indicate that these models could be applied to future scenarios and with that help to make decisions in the wine sector in Croatia and worldwide.

Agrivoltaics and aquavoltaics combine renewable energy production with agriculture and aquaculture. Agrivoltaics involves placing solar panels on farmland, while aquavoltaics integrates photovoltaic systems with water bodies and aquaculture. This paper examines the benefits and challenges of agrivoltaics and aquavoltaics, focusing on their potential for Croatian agriculture and freshwater aquaculture. Benefits include dual land use, which allows farmers to produce clean energy while maintaining agricultural practices. They diversify renewable energy sources and reduce dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. Solar panels in agrivoltaics provide shade, protect crops, reduce water needs, and increase yields. Challenges include high initial costs and limited accessibility, especially for small farmers. Integration with existing systems requires careful planning, considering irrigation, soil moisture, and crop or fish production. Maintenance and cleaning present additional challenges due to dust, debris, and algae. Policy and regulatory frameworks must support implementation, including incentives, grid integration, land use regulations, and conservation. The location, resources, and crops grown in Croatia present an opportunity for agrivoltaics and aquavoltaics, considering cultivation methods, species, and regulatory requirements.

Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites and important organic compounds present in grapes, must and wine. The importance of polyphenolic compounds present in grapes is mainly related to the quality of the wine. Those compounds affect the colour, taste, astringency, bitterness, and potential of wine aging. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine and compare quantitative and qualitative changes in low molecular weight polyphenol content of 11 red grapevine varieties during ripening. Samples were collected periodically from the beginning of vérasion to the technological maturity. The polyphenolic compounds were analysed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with prior lyophilization and extraction. Based on the obtained results, changes in the composition and content of researched groups of polyphenolic compounds during maturation were determined.

Grapevine leaves are photosynthetically the most active green organs providing carbohydrates that are of utmost importance for the regular vine’s metabolism and growth. Moreover, leaves are the pioneers of fungal infections caused by B. cinerea, E. necator, and P. viticola. Plant response to these microorganisms mostly depends on the content and composition of phenolic compounds abundantly found in the leaf’s outer tissues (epidermis, cuticle, trichomes). In order to obtain a satisfactory quantity of phenolic compounds, an experiment was conducted towards optimizing a solid–liquid extraction method. Variables were as follows: the type of organic solvent, the sample weight, the extraction temperature, and the extraction time. The optimal conditions were obtained by applying the response surface methodology. Therefore, by using acetonitrile as the organic solvent, conducting a single-step extraction at the temperature of 48 °C during the time period of 2 h and 25 min with a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:56 g mL−1 (178 mg of leaves powder and 10 mL of extraction solvent) the optimal content of phenolic compounds was obtained. This protocol is reliable, fast, and relatively easy to perform for the determination of the abovementioned compounds.

The contents of selected metals (K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Sr, Rb, Ba, Pb, Ni, Cr and V) in 70 wine samples from Continental and Adriatic part of Croatia and different types of wine (red and white) were determined by TXRF. The aim of this study was to compare the elemental composition of wines from two different regions and to determine the discriminant ability of each variable and to indicate which variables discriminate between the four categories considered. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that K, Mn, Ba and Ni can be considered as the most important characteristics to distinguish between Continental red and white wines, Rb, Ni and Ba for Continental red and Adriatic red wines while Sr is the only metal that completely distinguishes the samples of each category. Finally, linear discriminant analysis showed good recognition (100%) and prediction abilities (96.43%) using these selected elements.

The practical application of grape quality zoning and selective harvesting in small vineyards (<1 ha) has not yet gained much importance worldwide. However, winegrowers with small vineyards are looking for ways to improve wine quality and maximise profit. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the most predictive vegetation index for grape quality zoning among three vegetation indices-NDVI, NDRE, and OSAVI-at three grapevine growth stages for the efficient use in small vineyards for the selective harvesting and production of different wine types from the same vineyard. Multispectral images were used to delineate two vigour zones at three different growth stages. The target vines were sampled, and the most predictive vegetation index was determined by overlapping the quality and vigour structures for each site and year. A differential economic analysis was performed, considering only the costs and revenues associated with grape quality zoning. The results show that OSAVI is the least predictive, while NDVI and NDRE are useful for grape quality zoning and selective harvesting. Multi-year monitoring is required to determine the ideal growth stage for image acquisition. The use of grape quality zoning and selective harvesting can be economically efficient for small wineries producing two different "super-premium" wines from the same vineyard.

As many studies shows, temperature is key element that affects grapevine growth. Global warming and temperature rise shifted grapevine phenology in many vineyard regions worldwide. Also, temperature and precipitation extremes can effect wine quality and yield. In Croatia, viticulture represents one of the most important branches of agriculture in the economical and traditional sense. Therefore, it is important to study changes in vine growth, as well as impact of meteorological parameters on it, so that it can be used to predict suitability and growth under future climate. In this study, dates of beginning of 3 phenological phases (budburst, flowering and veraison), as well as harvest dates, collected from wineries across country, were analyzed. Results show earlier appearances of almost all phases, regardless of variety. With rise of temperature, the duration between two phases is shorted and that leads to an earlier harvest. Also, 5 agrometeorlogical indices (Growing degree day, Winkler index, Huglin index, Cool night index and Dryness index) in two 30 year long period (1961-1990, 1991-2020) were calculated from meteorological data collected from 74 meteorological stations in Croatia. A spatial interpolation was applied on results and maps were made at 1-km resolution. Maps show significant changes in temperature indices between two periods. This raises the possibility of growing new varieties in certain regions, but also hints that grapevine could be cultivated in new regions. In addition, temperature impact on the phenological phases is studied. Relationship between begging of the phases and mean daily temperate averaged over period that precede is calculated. Also, multi-linear regression between start dates of phenological phases and monthly averages of minimum, maximum and mean temperature is calculated, so that the best correlation could be determined. Results show a good correlation between dates and temperature, which can be valuable indicator for even more significant changes in vine growth in future.

Temperature and precipitation have a significant affect on the growth of vines and consequently viticulture is highly affected by climate change. Measurements indicate changes in the occurrence of phenological phases in the present climate and it is expected that this trend will continue in future. Istria is one of the most prosperous wine regions in Croatia with more than 3000 ha of vineyards. It is well known for cultivating traditional (Malvazija istarska, Teran, Hrvatica…) and introduced varieties (Chardonnay, Merlot…). Because of that, it is important to determine sign and the robustness of future changes in phenological stages as well as possibility of spring frost occurrence. For this study climate change effect on 21 grapevine varieties cultivated in Institute of Agriculture and Tourism in Poreč, Croatia were analyzed. Linear correlation between meteorological parameters and phenological stages of each variety and Growing degree day (GDD) thresholds required to begin a particular phenological stage is calculated and tested in present climate and used as a constant in future period. For future changes, daily output of temperature (Tmin, Tmax and Tmean) and total daily precipitation from three CORDEX Regional Climate Models (RCMs) simulations (CLMcom-CCLM4-8-17, SMHI-RCA4, CNRM-ALADIN5.3) for Croatian domain, were used to determine changes in beginning of three key phenological stages (budburst, flowering and veraison) in 30-year periods (2011-2040, 2041-2070) compared to historical run (1971-2000). Results show that, as the temperature rises phenological stages occur earlier (especially budburst and harvest). This affects all varieties equally. Earlier budburst leads to possibility of spring frost damage particularly in the inland of Istrian peninsula. Because of that, occurrence of frost was studied in present and in future climate. Day with frost is determined with the use of minimum daily temperature and dew point temperature (Td) calculated from Tmin and relative humidity at 7CET. Conditions for frost occurrence are suitable if Tmin < 3°C and Td < 0°C. Results show that frost will be one of the determinal factors for grapevine in future, as it is in present.

Dalmatian vineyards host many autochthonous varieties. The phenolic profile, defined by the relative proportions of different phenolic compounds, is specific for each grape variety. The aim of this study was to determine and analyze the flavonoid compounds of twenty rare red grape varieties. Nineteen phenolic compounds, represented by anthocyanins, flavanols, and flavonols, were detected and quantified using HPLC in three consecutive vintages. The content of grape skin anthocyanins (10414.06 (Plavac mali crni)-19.58 (Trišnjavac) mg kg−1 d.w. of grape skin), flavonols (1742.08 (Pošip crni)-215.56 (Crljenak viški) mg kg−1 d.w. of grape skin), and flavan-3-ols (448.04 (Pošip crni)-87.88 (Glavinuša) mg kg−1 d.w. of grape skin) showed significant differences in investigated varieties. According to the investigated phenolic compounds, Pošip crni, Ljutun, Zadarka, Dobričić, Plavac mali crni, and Trnjak differed from other investigated varieties. These local varieties can be perceived as an alternative to widespread varieties in Dalmatia. This was shown by one of the first studies on phenolic profiles of (mostly) rare autochthonous varieties.

The aim of this work was to determine the effect of different drying treatments: freeze-drying, room-drying, and oven-drying on the grape phenolic composition of the 'Regent' and 'Cabernet Sauvignon' varieties. After drying, the samples were grounded, submerged to ultrasound-assisted extraction, and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This study demonstrated that the use of different drying methods significantly affects the content of polyphenols in grape skins extracts. The greatest content of anthocyanins-diglucoside was preserved using freeze-drying, i.e. 15706.86 mg/kg for 'Regent', while the content of anthocyanins-monoglucoside was best preserved by room-drying, i.e. 216778.68 and 9220.30 mg/kg for 'Regent' and 'Cabernet Sauvignon', respectively. The highest content of flavonol glycosides (2583.04 and 1429.64 mg/kg for 'Regent' and 'Cabernet Sauvignon', respectively), hydroxycinnamic acids (1303.31 and 544.88 mg/kg for 'Regent' and 'Cabernet Sauvignon', respectively), and stilbene (2321.52 and 79.36 mg/kg for 'Regent' and 'Cabernet Sauvignon', respectively) was observed in the oven-dried samples. By applying freeze-drying the most optimal content of flavan-3-ol was preserved. Contents of polyphenolic compounds in oven-dried samples after 6 months of storage were almost identical to those in the samples analyzed immediately after drying. The greatest rate of degradation was observed in the room-dried samples while it was moderate in the freeze-dried ones. The results of this experiment demonstrate that it is necessary to dry samples in different ways to obtain the highest content of a certain polyphenolic group of compounds. The application of a drying method is determined by the goal of the final dried product in terms of content and composition of different polyphenolic compounds; thus, the obtained results could have an application in scientific research and for commercial purposes as well.

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi kako primjena živog mikoriznog cjepiva na korijen vinove loze utječe na kemijski sastav vina ´Portugizac´. Pokus je postavljen u jesen 2016. godine na 3 lokacije na području podregije Plešivica, kada je provedena i aplikacija cjepiva naziva „Mykoflor“ tvrtke Bio-budućnost d.o.o. Cjepivo je aplicirano na 100 trsova sorte ´Portugizac´, pri čemu je isti broj netretiranih trsova poslužio kao kontrola. Analiza kemijskog sastava, kao i senzorno ocjenjivanje vina provedeni su nakon berbe 2018. godine. Rezultati su pokazali pozitivan utjecaj mikorize na kemijski sastav vina u vidu povećanja koncentracije ukupne kiselosti, pojedinačnih organskih kiselina, pepela te smanjenja pH vrijednosti vina. Aplikacija mikoriznog cjepiva pozitivno je utjecala i na polifenolni sastav te na senzornu ocjenu vina.