Nowadays, the survival and sustainability of SMEs and the promotion of their services have become key goals for the economic growth of many countries. Logistics SMEs seek to improve their digital marketing development, by managing the re-engineering process of their marketing budget. To achieve this goal, logistics SMEs should capitalize on big data from their websites that are capable of depicting their digital development level. The authors selected 5 SMEs from the logistics sector and collected big data from their websites for 365 days. Then, statistical analysis tools (correlation and linear regression models), as well as Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM) models were utilized. It is highlighted that various marketing budget levels affect the digital development of logistics SMEs differently. More specifically, a marketing budget of 500$ to 2500$ could bring more users (new and returning) to logistics SMEs’ websites, but only if the investments transcend 5000$ could help these firms rank higher in the search engines (authority score). Thus, logistics SMEs could simulate the course of specific digital development metrics by setting the desired levels of their marketing budget.

Improving agricultural output worldwide to satisfy the demands of a rapidly expanding population may be possible, in part, through the creation and use of novel fertilizers made possible by cutting-edge nanotechnology. As a matter of fact, according to the literature assessment, there are designed nanomaterials that, at specific concentrations, can improve plant development. These materials could be utilized as nanofertilizers in agriculture to boost crop yields and reduce pollution. Nanofertilizers that enhance plant development, nanofertilizers that include nutrients, and nanofertilizers that contain micronutrients are the four main types of nanomaterials discussed in this article. Concerning the chemical makeup of the nanomaterials, the size of the particles, the concentrations used, the plant species that benefited, the techniques of plant incubation, and the features and rates of plant growth promotion, each category is addressed separately. Furthermore, we take a close look at each type of nanofertilizer to determine its relevance, potential future paths, and special research needs in the pursuit of sustainable agriculture. Lastly, this paper argues that protecting the environment and increasing food production should be top research priorities, and they propose developing macronutrient nanofertilizers containing N and P.

Across the world, salinity is one of the most detrimental environmental stresses that severely reduces agricultural yield and productivity. More than 20

AGRICULTURE productivity is severely hampered by salinity stress in many parts of the world, including the Ararat Plain in Armenia. The need for food security is growing worldwide, and new strategies are essential to meet this challenge. In the context of the Ararat Plain, this paper examines the potential utility and promising role of biogenic nanoparticles (NPs) and biochar in reducing salinity stress, boosting crop resilience, and guaranteeing sustainable food production. This paper involves the mechanisms underlying salinity stress, as well as the properties and synthesis of biogenic nanoparticles and biochar, and their applications in increasing plant salinity tolerance. The potential application of biogenic nanoparticles and biochar to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity on crops, soil, and water resources has been recently illustrated by several case studies and research findings. Additionally, we go over the safety issues, environmental implications, and potential applications of biogenic nanoparticles and biochar in sustainable agriculture on the Ararat Plain and elsewhere. This paper advances our knowledge of innovative strategies for addressing salinity stress and improving food security in areas with comparable problems.

This study examines the adaptation of an undocumented halophyte, Dandur, to salt stress in different soil mediums. The Dandur plant physiological, morphological, and biochemical analyses show that it can withstand salinity stress. Dandur plants grown in clay and clay loam soil experienced significant decreases in height and stem diameter under extreme salinity conditions compared to non-saline soil. The fresh weight of root and shoot decreased by 70.4% and 84.8%, respectively, and dry weight by 48.5% and 79.7%. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining saline soil conditions for plant growth. Dandur unique ability to avoid dehydration and maintain growth traits, particularly in clay soil, holds promise for further exploration in agricultural research and food security-related issues caused by climate change in saline areas of Armenia and other European countries.

The ever-changing socio-economic conditions combined with globalization's high impact have rendered necessary the development of mechanisms for the continuous integration of organizational change, enabling the organizations to meet the needs of their emerging role. Despite the undeniable importance of implementing changes, organizations face a number of transition problems in these new situations. Perhaps the most important problem lies with the successful management of human resources during an attempted change. Management of human resources is of high administrative importance in the process of achieving the transition to the desired situation. The present analysis aims to examine in depth the impact of the human resources management strategy on the implementation of organizational change in the light of the principles of change management.

This study seeks to identify the strategic and operational factors necessary for the effective operation of the International Olympic Academy (IOA), and of the National Olympic Academies (NOAs).It applies Resource Dependence Theory (RDP) and Inter-organizational Relationships Theory (IOR) to the institutional environment of the NOAs.A set of exploratory semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders from the International Olympic Committee (IOC), IOA, NOAs and Academics.A thematic analysis of the interview data provided themes to be incorporated into a questionnaire conducted with NOA directors and NOC officials focusing on relationships of the NOAs with other organisations and the implications for their autonomy.The nature of the field of NOA activity and its environment, is such that, for many NOAs, it is beset by an imbalance of power.This is reflected in the resource dependency of many NOAs on, in particular, NOCs and ultimately the IOC for legitimacy, human, financial and physical resources.The paper highlights a number of ways in which these relationships might be modified for the benefit of all the organisations involved.

In recent years, the energy market has seen an increase in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) participating in the sector and providing relevant services to customers. The energy sector SMEs need to acknowledge whether reengineering their marketing strategy by modeling customers’ website behavior could enhance their digital marketing efficiency. Web Analytics refers to the extracted data of customers’ behavior from firms’ websites, a subclass of big data (big masses of uncategorized data information). This study aims to provide insights regarding the impact that energy SMEs’ web analytics has on their digital marketing efficiency as a marketing reengineering process. The paper’s methodology begins with the retrieval of behavioral website data from SMEs in the energy sector, followed by regression and correlation analyses and the development of simulation models with Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM). Research results showed that customer behavioral data originating from SMEs’ websites can effectively impact key digital marketing performance indicators, such as increasing new visits and reducing organic costs and bounce rate (digital marketing analytics). SMEs in the energy sector can potentially increase their website visibility and customer base by re-engineering their marketing strategy and utilizing customers’ behavioral analytic data.

This paper aims to ascertain: whether (1) there were any immediate effects on managers' leadership competencies, leadership outcomes and teamwork as a result of the Outdoor Management Development (OMD) program and (2) there were any differences among managers' competencies in relation to demographic variables. Specifically, a sample of 51 Greek business managers participated in a 2-day low-ropes course were assessed before and after training, using questionnaires and observation instruments. The most significant aspect of this study was that business managers, were found to reconsider their perceptions on adapting more transformational either transactional type of leadership when necessary, or trying harder to achieve business success and increasing their teamwork level. There were also significant differences of managers' leadership and teamwork competencies based on gender, age and tenure. The results of this study strengthen the support of the effectiveness of applying OMD in the corporate sector, where existing research is still limited.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of total quality management (TQM) practices adopted by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) on their financial performance in a period where economic and social crisis conditions are recognised. A questionnaire was distributed to 400 recipients and a total of 392 questionnaires have been fully and accurately completed resulting in a response rate equal to 98%. Those primary data collected were statistically processed conducting a scoring analysis and a multivariate (MANOVA) analysis. The scoring analysis showed the level of quality elements implemented and the MANOVA analysis presented the effect they had on the financial performance of the quality-oriented SMEs. The analysis revealed that all quality-oriented SMEs presented an improved performance in the two financial measures such as solvency and efficiency compared to the profitability and liquidity measures. The TQM SMEs (the quality-oriented SMEs that have continued their quality journey reaching the TQM level) were the ones that have shown further improvement in their financial performance and of those, the micro-SMEs were the most financially sustainable companies. In addition, the quality-oriented SMEs have continued their quality journey towards TQM, presenting an increased rate of transition to higher quality levels, using their Altman Z-score as the criterion.

The concept of online teaching and learning is widely adopted by universities due to the pandemic of COVID-19, which forced them to shift from blending learning (including both direct and remote education) to exclusive online education. Technology has provided a multitude of tools, which can prove very useful in the hands of people who want to serve such a great purpose as education. During the days of the pandemic, where people are isolated, virtual community and virtual learning technology brings people together to experience a sense of educational community in the virtual world. This chapter introduces the reader to the importance for social skill training of the learning communities during times that online learning is the sole type of education, exploring methodologies, tools, and practices that can be used to counterbalance the deficiencies introduced by distance learning methods regarding social skill development.

The transition of TQM from the business field in education started in 1994 to strengthen the humanistic nature of education and improve quality service with the full participation of all involved. Cyprus recognized as a country with highly developed education services and qualitative characteristics that are easily identifiable. However, no studies are published yet concerning the implementation of TQM in Cyprus. The purpose is to examine the design and implementation of TQM at primary and secondary school settings in Cyprus and create a reference point of collecting all partial findings of TQM implementation in Cypriot education. A systematic recording of research included the design and implementation of TQM in education settings using ten electronic databases and keywords including education, TQM and the six factors determining the quality of TQM services. The research included peer-reviewed articles, doctoral theses, and conference abstracts during the last 20 years, leading to future TQM implementation conclusions. Cyprus nowadays focuses on the overall evaluation and implementation of TQM through innovation and quality improvement in education, differentiated and virtual teaching, adapted learning and inclusion of students with disabilities, and hiring new teaching staff that will implement a holistic approach of promoting TQM within school settings.

The purpose of the study was to provide clarifications regarding the connection among motivators, constraints and sport media consumption, and to experimentally measure the application of the balance proposition in the field of sports. A total of 1704 questionnaires were successfully completed and analysed by means of STATA. The results indicate that previous attendance, attachment to the community and the team, level of sport, the fans' need to escape from stress as well as socialisation, aesthetics, media advertising and players' behaviour all positively impact fans' future attendance intention. Also, the lack of knowledge of the rules and regulations of the game, the cost, other sport and leisure alternatives and the lack of fans' favourite team's athletic success are factors that reduce fans' intention to attend future Euroleague matches.

Within the present framework of the Olympic Charter (2019) the International Olympic Committee (IOC) supports educational issues through the International Olympic Academy (IOA), the National Olympic Committees (NOCs), and the National Olympic Academies (NOAs). However, there are a number of de facto variations in the arrangements adopted in different national settings. To that end this study seeks to identify the organisations within the institutional environment of the NOAs and how these determine the strategy and the decisions made by NOAs. How does the environment affect the effective operation of the IOA, and of the NOAs in the Olympic academy system? In order to address this question, an archival research along with a set of exploratory semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 key stakeholders from the IOC (4), IOA (2), NOAs (8), Academics (5). The archival research along with thematic analysis of the interview data, provided themes to be incorporated into a questionnaire conducted with NOA officials (response rate 67.8% - 99 of the 146 registered NOAs) focusing on the strategic and organizational factors involved in their functioning. The paper highlights future amendments and changes and a number of ways in which the IOC and the IΟΑ can respond to NOA’s needs and expectations.

In recent years, business companies are challenged with various difficulties in connection to human resources (HR), for example, adapting to one’s sentiments, managing debates, developing collaboration, affecting leadership, addressing motives, interpersonal susceptibility, dealing with capabilities and also individual emotional intelligence (EI) or inward characteristics (e.g. moral qualities). Expanding on and reaching out earlier and ongoing work, the scope of this research is to experimentally look at the connection between the components of EI and ethics in contemporary organizations and their resulting impact on employees’ motives and performance. A quantitative method was utilized, and an entirety of 386 questionnaires was collected from three diverse high-tech new businesses based in Greece and analyzed with SPSS programing. For triangulation reasons, auxiliary information from the organizations’ sites were gathered and a meeting with each organization’s executive of the HR division was held. The outcomes propose that ethical values add to motives and thus employee motives add to employee performance. Helpful administrative ramifications resulted from this research.

Purchase decision-making constitutes a significant aspect of study in the field of tourism. This present study has been implemented to explore deeply the way different determinants and choices influence the factors of holiday decision, and more precisely the purchase of an all-inclusive vacation package. The research made use of a set of data from a sample of 1,270 tourists who came to Greece – through choosing an all-inclusive package – during the summer of 2017–2018. Particularly, the research delved into the relation between all-inclusive package purchase decision criteria and individual attributes and travel behavior attributes. Specifically, individual variables consisted of former experience with all-inclusive packages, the impact of peers and friends, and the information research about all-inclusive packages, whereas travel behavior variables consisted of the security level, as well as the usefulness that all-inclusive packages offer, namely the economies of resources and the word of mouth propositions. The findings demonstrated that word of mouth, market research, and economy of resources positively influence the repurchase intention of all-inclusive packages. Fathoming the complexity of the relation between decision-making and its potential motives for all-inclusive packages choice would be a significant help for destination promoters and marketing managers. The research concluded with theoretical and practical indications of the study results and made suitable proposes for indications.