Effective cooling technology is essential for ensuring the sustainable development of industrial enterprises. Therefore, this study aimed to propose a hybrid closed cooling tower (CCT) with a fill unit composed of a finned pipe coil and inclined corrugated plates (ICP). A mathematical model of the hot water cooling process in the proposed cooler, operating in dry mode was developed using the number of heat transfer units (NTU). The model was validated with experimental data across different mass flow rates of process water, cooling air, and initial temperature conditions. The results showed that the finned surface of the coil pipes enhanced the heat flow rate by 2.63-3.22 times, depending on the Reynolds number by air, and improved the efficiency of heat transfer by 2.34 times.

One of the urgent problems today is the increased energy consumption in the industrial sector. This negatively affects the ultimate cost of the product and also leads to increased anthropogenic impact on the environment. Industrial-territorial clusters have extensive utility networks, which transfer heat between plants, so the development of methods to reduce their energy consumption will solve this problem. This paper presents a systematic approach to assessing the possibility of direct process integration of plants belonging to the same industrial-territorial cluster to maximize heat recovery. The determination of process flows used for direct process integration can be made based on the territorial location of plants and the availability of space for new heat exchange equipment and piping, and the maximum potential for heat recovery can be estimated using a composite curve graph. The study analyzes monomer production and assesses the potential for reducing energy consumption through direct process integration of pyrolysis and gas separation units, which amounted to 7.3 MW and can only be achieved with process integration. The total reduction in energy consumption with joint intraand direct process integration is 66.7 MW. This also leads to a reduction in CO2 emissions of 140,152 t/year.

This article explores the application of machine learning principles for log file analysis in the context of real-time farm monitoring using the ML.NET framework. It begins with an overview of the significance of log files in agricultural systems, where monitoring data is critical for optimizing farm performance, detecting anomalies, and ensuring system reliability. The challenges posed by manual log analysis due to the increasing volume and complexity of farm data are addressed by introducing machine learning through ML.NET, which automates the process, enhancing farm security, operational efficiency, and predictive maintenance. The article outlines a structured approach starting with data preparation, where agricultural log data is selected and transformed for machine learning algorithms. It discusses the importance of model selection based on farmspecific tasks and data characteristics, followed by a detailed look at the training process to enhance model accuracy and effectiveness. Model evaluation is emphasized using metrics like accuracy, recall, and the F1 score to ensure its practical application in real-time farm monitoring. The article culminates in the deployment of the trained model for real-time analysis of farm logs, showcasing its benefits in anomaly detection, system optimization, and early error diagnosis in agricultural operations. This work highlights the iterative nature of machine learning projects and the continuous need for adaptation, offering a roadmap for applying ML.NET to revolutionize farm monitoring and management.

Water cooling in the circulating water supply systems is common in different industries. A closed-circuit cooling tower is developed with indirect gas-liquid contact by means of an internal tube heat exchanger with an inline tube arrangement. The purpose of the work is a numerical study of the thermal characteristics of the developed cooling tower. The heat transfer coefficients on the different tubes of the heat exchanger were found to vary significantly depending on the mean air velocity in the cooling tower unit and the location of the tubes. The obtained results of numerical calculation were verified by comparison with an analytical solution based on the various criterion equations describing the transverse air flow around a tube bundle with a corridor arrangement of tubes.

Air classification is a common process in many industries. The paper presents an analysis of the operation of a centrifugal multivortex classifier designed to separate solid particles. The classification process of gas-solid system is observed between the outer pipe and the inner pipe, which has rectangular openings that provide the formation of the stable vortex system. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of the entrance angle of rectangular openings on the classification effectiveness of the device. The results show that the maximum effectiveness in the classification of particles larger than 40 μm is achieved at an angle of 0.8 and a gas flow speed of 16 m/s, providing an effectiveness of 69.6%. Increasing the speed at the inlet to the device improves the effectiveness, since the vortex structure in the interpipe space becomes more stable. It is recommended to select the classifier with the largest entrance angle of rectangular openings, since the lowest pressure loss is achieved. Changing the entrance angle of rectangular openings of the device has practically no effect on the effectiveness of particle classification.

In the landscape of software development for high-performance .NET applications, autonomous testing emerges as a critical strategy to ensure reliability, scalability, and performance. This article delves into the practice of autonomous, or unattended, testing—where automated test cases are executed independently without human intervention. Our exploration is grounded in the application of autonomous testing in environments handling large data volumes and supporting high concurrency, which are typical scenarios for mission-critical .NET applications. We discuss the benefits of autonomous testing, including its ability to significantly increase test coverage, enhance defect detection at early stages, and ensure consistent and reliable testing outcomes across various scenarios. The implementation of robust testing frameworks such as NUnit, xUnit, or MSTest, which support features like parallel test execution and test parameterization, plays a foundational role in the effective deployment of autonomous testing systems. Moreover, the article highlights the necessity of integrating autonomous testing into continuous integration and deployment pipelines to facilitate continuous testing. This integration ensures that every code change is thoroughly validated before deployment, thereby enhancing software quality and accelerating delivery cycles. We also examine the challenges and best practices in fostering a culture that supports autonomous testing within organizations. By emphasizing the strategic importance of training, cross-functional collaboration, and continuous improvement, we propose methods to overcome resistance to change and enhance the adoption of autonomous testing practices.

Gas-solid separation is a common process in many industries, including transport and power engineering. A static centrifugal multivortex device has been developed for effective separating fine particles from gas streams. The work aims to numerically study the efficiency and pressure drop of the separator. It was found that a choice of the turbulence model does not affect the pressure drop. The efficiency of the static centrifugal separator is 64.3% at the input gas velocity of 7 m/s. The sloped blades located above the apertures made in the internal pipe results in the improvement of separation efficiency. Moreover, changing the slope of the blades does not affect the efficiency of the separator. The hydraulic resistance coefficient of the developed device is on average 20.6, with a Reynolds number from 11400 to 38000. The low pressure drop provides reduced energy cost, which promotes decarbonization efforts.

Effective gas cleaning from dust particles is essential for ensuring the smooth and reliable operation of industrial equipment. A new multivortex device with inclined separation plates for dusty gas cleaning is proposed. The mechanism of separation of fine solid particles from the gas in the multivortex device is described. The work aims to perform a numerical study and evaluate efficiency of the device depending on the number of inclined separation plates. It is found that the lower inclined separation plate should be located above the rectangular slots made on the axial pipe for the dusty gas inlet. The velocity of the dusty gas flow at the inlet to the multivortex device should be more than 3 m/s. The rational number of inclined separation plates of the multivortex device is 2 or 3. In these cases, at an inlet gas velocity above 7 m/s, the efficiency of the multivortex device averages more than 42.3%. The pressure drop of the multivortex device with inclined separation plates ranges from 109 to 1245 Pa at the dusty gas velocity from 3 to 10 m/s.

This article examines the deployment and implications of Cloud- Fog-Edge architectures in Internet of Things (IoT) systems, highlighting their significance in enhancing data management and system security across diverse sectors. As IoT ecosystems expand, the necessity for architectures that efficiently handle large volumes of data and ensure real-time processing capabilities becomes paramount. The Cloud-Fog-Edge architecture addresses these needs by distributing computing resources across three layers—cloud, fog, and edge—each optimized for specific tasks within the IoT workflow. We discuss the challenges and solutions associated with interoperability in such multi-layered systems, emphasizing the need for standardized communication protocols and data formats to facilitate seamless interactions between heterogeneous devices and platforms. Furthermore, the article delves into the critical aspects of security within these architectures, outlining strategies for robust data encryption, access management, regular security updates, and comprehensive network activity monitoring to safeguard against unauthorized access and cyber threats. The integration of Cloud-Fog-Edge architectures not only promises enhanced operational efficiency and scalability but also significantly boosts the adaptability of IoT systems to meet evolving technological and operational demands. By providing a detailed analysis of the functionalities, integration challenges, and security practices associated with each architectural layer, this article contributes to a deeper understanding of how Cloud-Fog-Edge frameworks can be optimized to bolster the reliability, efficiency, and security of modern IoT environments.

Dust emission gas cleaning is a crucial factor for many industries. The paper proposes a separator with the arc-shaped elements to clean dusty gas from solid particles. The study aims to examine how the distance between rows of arc-shaped elements affects separator efficiency and pressure drop, using numerical methods. In simulations, the inlet velocity of the gas flow varied from 0.5 to 5 m/s and the particle size was 10 to 170 μm. It was found that the change in the distance between the rows of the arc elements in the device leads to the formation of different streams. The results show that increasing the distance between the rows of the arc results in a decrease in the separator efficiency, since the particles during separation from the dusty gas due to centrifugal forces fly into the space between the elements, where they are inversed by the flow again. In this case, the pressure drop decreases. The maximum efficiency of particle separation by the developed device (95.4%) is achieved at a distance between rows of arc elements of 0.75. Pressure loss in the separator ranges from 16 to 1862 Pa at an inlet gas velocity of 0.5 to 5 m/s.

This article provides an in-depth look at implementing parallel SQL query processing using the Microsoft SQL Server database management system. It examines how parallelism can significantly accelerate query execution by leveraging multi-core processors and clustered environments. The article explores SQL Server's sophisticated parallel processing capabilities including automatic query parallelization, intra-query parallelism techniques like parallel joins and parallel data aggregation, as well as inter-query parallelism for concurrent query execution. It covers key considerations around effective parallelization such as managing concurrency and locks, handling data skew, resource governance, and monitoring. Challenges like debugging parallel plans and potential bottlenecks from excessive parallelism are also discussed along with mitigation strategies. Real-world examples demonstrate how judicious application of parallel processing helps optimize complex analytics workloads involving massive datasets. The insights presented provide guidance to database developers and administrators looking to enable parallel SQL query execution in SQL Server environments for substantial performance gains and scalability.

Decarbonisation of the industrial sector is a crucial objective in new technological developments responding to global challenges. Energy-intensive industry is one of the biggest pollutants and it is mostly supplied by fossil fuels. This paper presents the methodology for the assessment of electrified options for the process industry based on systematic process integration techniques. The graphical representation was used to analyse the physical processes of the industrial unit. The improved heat recovery and electrified utility targeting were performed by using the Grand Composite Curve and analysing the main process streams and distillation column system. The electrified thermal utility system uses electric steam boilers, water coolers, heat pumps, etc. The case study analyses the natural gas liquid processing and assesses electrified thermal utility. The initial process was simulated in a UniSim environment and obtained thermophysical properties of process streams were used for the analysis. The integrated electrified scenario presumes using a low-pressure steam boiler, water coolers, propylene coolers and 3 heat pumps. Heat recovery was increased by 4 times compared to the initial process and 100% electrified thermal utilities were used. The energy cost was reduced by 41% and the carbon dioxide emissions are reduced by 512,778 tons per capita compared to existing process when using renewable energy for electrified utility. The approach can be used for further development of industry decarbonisation options and electricity targeting in process industries.

Clean gas without suspended particles is an essential factor for many industries. The paper is concerned with the design of a separation device with rows of the arc elements, in which a wave-like flow pattern is observed. The separation of solid particles from the gas occurs due to inertial and centrifugal forces. A three-dimensional model of the device and its operating principles are presented. The aim of the work is to numerically study the effect of the size of the arc elements of the separation device on the efficiency of particle collection. In the course of the simulation, the diameter of the arc elements varied from 25 to 50 mm. The exit to the stationary solution was estimated by the pressure drop of the separation device. It was found that about 870 iterations were needed. Results have shown that the diameter of the arc elements, at which the maximum efficiency of collecting particles from gas-solid flow occurs, is 40 mm. The separation efficiency of the device with a diameter of the arc elements of 25, 40, and 50 mm averages 81.1, 90.1, and 86.5%, respectively, at an inlet gas velocity of 0.5 to 5.0 m/s. The pressure loss in the separation device ranged from 12.6 to 1924.1 Pa at a gas velocity of 0.5 to 5.0 m/s. It is concluded that it is important to use a separation device to collect fine particles at a dusty gas velocity of less than 3 m/s because its pressure drop is significantly lower compared with other air separators.

Agricultural production is a fundamental sector of the national economy of many countries. It includes the processes of production and processing of agricultural raw materials and obtaining products from them. The main branches of agricultural production are crop production and animal husbandry, which always need to be studied in conjunction. Connection is based on a common goal—the production of food to meet the needs of people. Also, the connection is to provide animals with feed and plants with organic fertilizers. The purpose of the paper is to study the issues of increasing the efficiency of the crop industry using digital technologies. The structure of the platform for managing business processes in crop production is proposed. The digital platform covers all stages of growing crops. In order to use digital technologies, it is necessary to organize the creation of an electronic field map, which makes it possible to keep records of the implementation of all agricultural activities in the fields and analyze the conditions that affect plant growth in a particular area.

The process industries consume a huge amount of heat energy contributing to environmental impact. Energy recovery is a key instrument of energy-saving that can be implemented via a heat exchanger network. Pinch -based approaches presume analysis of energy targets of industrial processes to find the optimal Delta Tmin for heat exchanger network design. Classical Pinch Analysis do not account for the stream splitting in the super targeting procedure while parallel branches are usually needed. The splitters and mixers contribute a lot to the capital cost of the heat exchanger network. Current work proposes the update of super targeting procedure accounting stream splitting and mixing in a Pinch problem. The original algorithm of Composite Curves construction is proposed to analyse the distribution of process streams and stream splitting in subsystems above/below the Pinch before the design of the heat exchanger network. It was then used in a super targeting procedure to precise the capital cost and, as a result, the optimal Delta Tmin. The process stream distribution and stream splitting are analysed in a whole range of Delta Tmin. Identifying all possible starting points for heat exchanger network design. Two new criteria were proposed to estimate the topological complexity of network pre-design and the specific ratio of stream splitting. The case study analyses the ethylene oxide process and calculation of trade-off between capital and energy costs were performed and optimal Delta Tmin = 16 degrees C. The result was compared with two known ap-proaches, which account for the number of heat exchangers without stream splitting. Total annual costs and optimal Delta Tmin was also calculated for different energy prices to show a possible deviation of starting point for heat exchanger network design. The range of optimal Delta Tmin from 9 to 54 degrees C resulted in the range of hot utility prices from 42 to 291 $/kWy, and the emission targets will be from 14,380 to 77,919 tCO2/y. The methodology can be used for the pre-design of the heat exchanger network to better precise the optimal Delta Tmin, capital cost targets, and check the optimum changing for different energy prices.

This paper deals with the emission reduction in synthesis-gas production by better integration and increasing the energy efficiency of a high-temperature co-electrolysis unit combined with the Fischer-Tropsch process. The investigated process utilises the by-product of Fischer-Tropsch, as an energy source and carbon dioxide as a feedstock for synthesis gas production. The proposed approach is based on adjusting process streams temperatures with the further synthesis of a new heat exchangers network and optimisation of the utility system. The potential of secondary energy resources was determined using plus/minus principles and simulation of a high-temperature co-electrolysis unit. The proposed technique maximises the economic and environmental benefits of inter-unit integration. Two scenarios were considered for sharing the high-temperature co-electrolysis and the Fischer-Tropsch process. In the first scenario, by-products from the Fischer-Tropsch process were used as fuel for a high-temperature co-electrolysis. Optimisation of secondary energy sources and the synthesis of a new heat exchanger network reduce fuel consumption by 47% and electricity by 11%. An additional environmental benefit is reflected in emission reduction by 25,145 tCO2/y. The second scenario uses fossil fuel as a primary energy source. The new exchanger network for the high-temperature co-electrolysis was built for different energy sources. The use of natural gas resulted in total annual costs of the heat exchanger network to 1,388,034 USD/y, which is 1%, 14%, 116% less than for coal, fuel oil and LPG, respectively. The use of natural gas as a fuel has the lowest carbon footprint of 7288 tCO2/y. On the other hand, coal as an energy source has commensurable economic indicators that produce 2 times more CO2, which can be used as a feedstock for a high-temperature co-electrolysis. This work shows how in-depth preliminary analysis can optimise the use of primary and secondary energy resources during inter-plant integration.

Improving the rational use of water and energy resources by optimising the heat supply system using P-Graph tools and additional analysis is discussed in this paper. The proposed approach is based on the decomposition of the heat supply system of a city/settlement into separate districts and optimisation of the thermal energy network between consumers and energy sources. The determination of the optimal structure for the distribution of thermal energy between consumers in each district is carried out using the P-Graph approach and accounting import/export of energy and water resources. An additional analysis of the structure of heat supply systems allows for determining the structure with minimum operating cost, water consumption and emissions. The proposed approach was applied to optimise the heat supply system of Tomsk city. Three configurations of the heat supply system, characterized by different objective functions, were determined as a result of the study. The structure of the heat supply system obtained based on the operating cost minimisation reduces operating costs by 69 million RUB/y; water consumption minimisation decreases water consumption by 27.3 thousand m3/y; emission minimisation has cut emissions by 6,000 tCO2/y and 517 tSO2/y compared to the base case. The approach proposed may be used for the design of heat supply systems by finding the trade-off between the operating cost and the environmental footprint of the heat supply system. It makes it possible to optimise heat supply systems based on the economic and environmental capabilities of the region.

The main challenges for industrial companies today are to improve the competitiveness of their products and to adapt and respond quickly to changes in the external environment. Ensuring the effective functioning of an industrial enterprise is largely determined by its procurement activities, including the reliability and consistency of the procurement process. Relevance of the topic is conditioned by the fact that procurement is one of the main components in increasing of competitiveness and efficiency of the enterprise, as the major part of costs in the cost price of the finished products is concentrated exactly in procurement. Reducing costs in procurement is one of the ways to improve the efficiency of the enterprise. This advantage can be achieved through the introduction of modern information technologies, namely automation of the process of selecting suppliers on an electronic trading platform. For this purpose, an information system for selecting suppliers on the electronic trading platform has been developed, which enables a more transparent, fast, profitable and less costly selection of the cheapest and most suitable goods for the operation of energy supplying enterprises. Procurement activities are aimed at ensuring that the energy-supplying undertaking receives the right quantity and quality of raw materials, materials, goods and services at the right time, in the right place, from a reliable and trustworthy supplier with good service and at a favourable price. Automating the supplier selection process on an electronic platform is essential in today's market environment.

The paper outlines a framework for the deployment of a digital agrarian platform as an element constituting a unified economic system to promote digital development of Russia. The study aims to identify ways of integrated development of digital platform to increase the economic efficiency of agricultural producers and ensure the import substitution of food products in the country. The paper provides a rationale for digital transformation of agricultural production, integrated digital platform for the agrarian economy of Russia, digitalization processes both at the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the country at large.