In the present paper we are demonstrated achievement of high spatial resolution for X-ray spectrum of plasma produced by 20 mJ, high-repetition 120 fs laser using a Bragg-Fresnel linear zone plate structure on the mica crystal surface. We had also measured X-ray spectra near resonance line of He-alpha of Mg XI with simultaneously high spectral (up to lambda/Delta lambda = 10000) and spatial (Delta x = 10 mu m) resolution from plasma, heated by such laser, using spectrograph with spherical bent crystal. We demonstrated the important role of inner-shell excitation mechanism for low confinement parameters and propose new excitation channels from highly populated excited states (Li-like and Be-like satellite levels). The collision excitation cross sections for these processes do not decrease with principal quantum number. These channels can be also subject to electron beam excitation. It was shown also the big role of transient effects for Rydberg-Satellites due to a strong three-body recombination into high n-states in the cooling phase. Total spectra simulations are in rather close agreement with experimental results. New 3d(10)4 - 3d(9)41 6f spectral features of Cu-like barium, previously observed as unresolved transition arrays (UTA), are resolved at first time in present paper and enabling plasma diagnostics which were not possible before. The plasma electron density and temperature are found to be in tile ranges: N-e = 5 x 10(21) - 10(22) cm(-3) and kT(e) = 100 - 50 eV, respectively. The generation of intense, collimated monochromatic X-ray beams (lambda similar to 9.5 Angstrom) results are presented too.

A linear zone plate surface structure was created on the surface of mica crystal and used for obtaining spectrally resolved images of 120 fs laser-produced plasma. A linear Fresnel zone structure was optimized on a wavelength lambda = 9.16 Angstrom and has a focal length of f = 5 cm, minimum zone width Delta z(n) = 300 nm, total length l = 10 cm, total width of zone plate 2r(n) = 122.6 mu m.Images of laser-produced plasma in the spectral range 9.12-9.31 Angstrom were obtained For high Z (Lanthanum) element target the size of the X-ray radiation spot was not more than 20 mu m.

The LURE-IMT photon microprobe has been operational on the DCI storage ring since 1992. This paper presents the use of Synchroton Radiation for the realization of an X-ray microprobe incorporating an elliptical Bragg-Fresnel multilayer lens and compares the LURE-IMT system to other avalaible microprobes. A complete description of the system is given along with results obtained using it on the DCI storage ring at LURE, a first generation synchrotron , and on an undulator beam line at the ESRF, a third generation synchrotron facility.

The LURE-IMT photon microprobe has been operational on the DCI storage ring since 1992. This paper presents the use of Synchrotron Radiation for the realisation of an X-ray microprobe incorporating an elliptical Bragg-Fresnel multilayer lens and compares the LURE-IMT system to other available microprobes. A complete description of the system is given along with results obtained using it on the DCI storage ring at LURE, a first generation synchrotron, and on an undulator beam line at the ESRF, a third generation synchrotron facility.

A new method is proposed for obtaining spatially resolved multicharged ion spectra of microplasma sources with resolution better than 0.5 μm. The method is based on making a Bragg–Fresnel lens structure on a mica crystal surface. The lens was formed in a direction normal to the direction of dispersion and was used for the investigation of plasma created in nanosecond X pinch. The method may be used in studies of plasma heated by pico- and femtosecond laser radiation.

Elliptical Bragg-Fresnel multilayer lenses (BFML), designed and fabricated at the Institute of Microelectronic Technology (Russian Academy of Science) have been used for two-dimensional focusing of the white X-ray synchrotron beam at LURE (Orsay France). For two fixed beam energies (8 keV and 12.4 keV), the spot size produced was approximately 1 μm as determined from a high resolution photographic plate. A fluorescence X-ray scanning microprobe based on these BFML lenses was also tested. The transmitted signal registered during the scan of a test object shows less than 1 μm resolution with 8 keV output photon energy. 2D scanning images with submicron resolution of test objects in transmission mode at 8 keV and 12.4 keV beam energies are presented.

Two linear Bragg-Fresnel lenses have been used in Kirkpatrick-Baez mode to focus 10 keV synchrotron X-rays. The focal spots, measured with high resolution photographic plates, were 2–3 μm in size. The system was tested with a Si/Li detector on the Fluorescence DCI beamline at LURE. At the first trial the resolution achieved with test objects was better than 5 μm.

Results are presented of experimental testing of the focusing properties of phase zone plates at 0.8 nm wavelength. Free-standing linear and circular Si zone plates were manufactured by electron beam lithography, ion-chemical and anisotropic chemical etching. The absolute focusing efficiency obtained was 18±2%.

This paper deals with the problem of the steady-state hypersonic flow of an inviscid compressible gas past a wedge. Inside the wedge a magnetic field is excited in a direction perpendicular to the generator. The flow in the region of perturbation is investigated on the basis of the ordinary equations of magnetohydrodynamics and Ohm's law, written for the case where the Hall effect is taken into account. The system of equations obtained has been solved numerically on a computer by the method of finite differences. The results show that for the given problem the Hall effect intensifies the magnetohydrodynamic action of the magnetic field on the flow. M. D. Ladyzhenskii [1] has also studied hypersonic flow past bodies from inside which a magnetic field is excited. He has investigated the influence of a strong magnetic field on the flow for the case where the Hall effect is neglected. The object of the present study is to determine the importance of the Hall effect.