K. Hadyńska-Klȩk,1,2,3,4,5,* P. J. Napiorkowski,1 M. Zielińska,1,6 J. Srebrny,1 A. Maj,7 F. Azaiez,8 J. J. Valiente Dobón,4 M. Kicińska-Habior,2 F. Nowacki,9 H. Naïdja,9,10,11 B. Bounthong,9 T. R. Rodríguez,12 G. de Angelis,4 T. Abraham,1 G. Anil Kumar,7 D. Bazzacco,13,14 M. Bellato,13 D. Bortolato,13 P. Bednarczyk,7 G. Benzoni,15 L. Berti,4 B. Birkenbach,16 B. Bruyneel,16 S. Brambilla,15 F. Camera,15,17 J. Chavas,6 B. Cederwall,18 L. Charles,9 M. Ciemała,7 P. Cocconi,4 P. Coleman-Smith,19 A. Colombo,13 A. Corsi,15,17 F. C. L. Crespi,15,17 D. M. Cullen,20 A. Czermak,7 P. Désesquelles,21,22 D. T. Doherty,5,6,23 B. Dulny,7 J. Eberth,16 E. Farnea,13,14 B. Fornal,7 S. Franchoo,8 A. Gadea,24 A. Giaz,15,17 A. Gottardo,4 X. Grave,8 J. Grȩbosz,7 A. Görgen,3 M. Gulmini,4 T. Habermann,10 H. Hess,16 R. Isocrate,13,14 J. Iwanicki,1 G. Jaworski,1 D. S. Judson,25 A. Jungclaus,26 N. Karkour,22 M. Kmiecik,7 D. Karpiński,2 M. Kisieliński,1 N. Kondratyev,27 A. Korichi,22 M. Komorowska,1,2 M. Kowalczyk,1 W. Korten,6 M. Krzysiek,7,28 G. Lehaut,29 S. Leoni,15,17 J. Ljungvall,22 A. Lopez-Martens,22 S. Lunardi,13,14 G. Maron,4 K. Mazurek,7 R. Menegazzo,13,14 D. Mengoni,13 E. Merchán,10,30 W. Mȩczyński,7 C. Michelagnoli,13,14 B. Million,15 S. Myalski,7 D. R. Napoli,4 M. Niikura,8 A. Obertelli,6 S. F. Özmen,1 M. Palacz,1 L. Próchniak,1 A. Pullia,15,17 B. Quintana,31 G. Rampazzo,4 F. Recchia,13,14 N. Redon,29 P. Reiter,16 D. Rosso,4 K. Rusek,1 E. Sahin,4 M.-D. Salsac,6 P.-A. Söderström,32 I. Stefan,8 O. Stézowski,29 J. Styczeń,7 Ch. Theisen,6 N. Toniolo,4 C. A. Ur,13,14 R. Wadsworth,23 B. Wasilewska,7 A. Wiens,16 J. L. Wood,33 K. Wrzosek-Lipska,1 and M. Ziȩbliński7 1Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland 2Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, PL 00-681 Warsaw, Poland 3Department of Physics, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway 4INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università, 2, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy 5Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom 6Irfu, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 7Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL 31-342 Kraków, Poland 8Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay, F-91400 Orsay, France 9Université de Strasbourg, IPHC/CNRS, UMR7178, 23 rue du Loess, F-67037 Strasbourg, France 10GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany 11LPMS, Université Constantine 1, Route Ain-El bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria 12Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Física Teórica, Madrid, Spain 13INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy 14Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università degli Studi di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy 15INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy 16Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany 17Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy 18Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden 19Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom 20Schuster Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom 21Université Paris-Sud, F-91400 Orsay, France 22Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM/IN2P3/CNRS), F-91405 Orsay, France 23Department of Physics University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom 24Instituto de Física Corpuscular IFIC, CSIC-University of Valencia, S-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain 25Oliver Lodge Laboratory, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom 26Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Madrid, E-28006 Madrid, Spain 27Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions JINR, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia 28ELI-NP, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania 29Universite Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France 30Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany 31Laboratorio de Radiaciones Ionizantes, Departamento de Física Fundamental, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain 32Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden 33School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, USA

ACoulomb-excitation experiment to study electromagnetic properties of Ca-42 was performed using a 170-MeV calcium beam from the TANDEM XPU facility at INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro. gamma rays from excited states in Ca-42 were measured with the AGATA spectrometer. The magnitudes and relative signs of ten E2 matrix elements coupling six low-lying states in Ca-42, including the diagonal E2 matrix elements of 2(1)(+) and 2(2)(+) states, were determined using the least-squares code GOSIA. The obtained set of reduced E2 matrix elements was analyzed using the quadrupole sum rule method and yielded overall quadrupole deformation for 0(1),(+)(2) and 2(1,2)(+) states, as well as triaxiality for 0(1,2)(+) states, establishing the coexistence of a weakly deformed ground-state band and highly deformed slightly triaxial sideband in Ca-42. The experimental results were compared with the state-of-the-art large-scale shell-model and beyond-mean-field calculations, which reproduce well the general picture of shape coexistence in Ca-42.

Shape parameters of a weakly deformed ground-state band and highly deformed slightly triaxial sideband in ^{42}Ca were determined from E2 matrix elements measured in the first low-energy Coulomb excitation experiment performed with AGATA. The picture of two coexisting structures is well reproduced by new state-of-the-art large-scale shell model and beyond-mean-field calculations. Experimental evidence for superdeformation of the band built on 0_{2}^{+} has been obtained and the role of triaxiality in the A∼40 mass region is discussed. Furthermore, the potential of Coulomb excitation as a tool to study superdeformation has been demonstrated for the first time.

The Coulomb excitation experiment to study electromagnetic structure of low-lying states in Ca-42 with a focus on a possible superdeformation in this nucleus was performed at the Laboratori Naziona ...

The Advanced GAmma Tracking Array (AGATA) is a European project to develop and operate the next generation γ-ray spectrometer. AGATA is based on the technique of γ-ray energy tracking in electrically segmented high-purity germanium crystals. This technique requires the accurate determination of the energy, time and position of every interaction as a γ ray deposits its energy within the detector volume. Reconstruction of the full interaction path results in a detector with very high efficiency and excellent spectral response. The realisation of γ-ray tracking and AGATA is a result of many technical advances. These include the development of encapsulated highly segmented germanium detectors assembled in a triple cluster detector cryostat, an electronics system with fast digital sampling and a data acquisition system to process the data at a high rate. The full characterisation of the crystals was measured and compared with detector-response simulations. This enabled pulse-shape analysis algorithms, to extract energy, time and position, to be employed. In addition, tracking algorithms for event reconstruction were developed. The first phase of AGATA is now complete and operational in its first physics campaign. In the future AGATA will be moved between laboratories in Europe and operated in a series of campaigns to take advantage of the different beams and facilities available to maximise its science output. The paper reviews all the achievements made in the AGATA project including all the necessary infrastructure to operate and support the spectrometer.

The first implementation of the AGATA spectrometer consisting of five triple germanium detector clusters has been installed at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN. This setup has two major goals, the first one is to validate the γ-tracking concept and the second is to perform an experimental physics program using the stable beams delivered by the Tandem–PIAVE-ALPI accelerator complex. A large variety of physics topics will be addressed during this campaign, aiming to investigate both neutron and proton-rich nuclei. The setup has been designed to be coupled with the large-acceptance magnetic-spectrometer PRISMA. Therefore, the in-beam prompt γ rays detected with AGATA will be measured in coincidence with the products of multinucleon-transfer and deep-inelastic reactions measured by PRISMA. Moreover, the setup is versatile enough to host ancillary detectors, including the heavy-ion detector DANTE, the γ-ray detector array HELENA, the Cologne plunger for lifetime measurements and the Si-pad telescope TRACE. In this paper the design, characteristics and performance figures of the setup will be described.

The Coulomb excitation experiment to study electromagnetic properties of low-lying states in Ca-42 with a focus on a presumably superdeformed band was performed at the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro in Italy using the gamma-ray spectrometer AGATA Demonstrator coupled to the DANTE charged particle detector array. First results are presented, including the refinement of the Ca-42 level scheme.

The Advanced Gamma-ray Tracking Array (AGATA) [1] requires, in almost all circumstances, ancillary devices to exploit all the capabilities of the tracking and to get the best performance figures. The emission points of the gamma rays and the trajectories and velocities of the emitting nuclei constitute a basic information for the reconstruction of the Doppler effects. Several ancillaries will be needed to develop the experimental program with radioactive and stable beams. They will provide information which will be used in the analysis of the data collected by AGATA. The sub-array called the AGATA Demonstrator (AD) has been built in order to complete the research and development program for a gamma array tracking spectrometer and to prove the feasibility of building the full AGATA array with the developed technologies. LNL is the site hosting the activity of the AD during the commissioning and demonstration period. During the LNL period the AD has been installed at the target position of the PRISMA spectrometer [2], therefore it is used standalone, in conjunction with PRISMA, or coupled with ancillaries not requiring complex modifications of the set-up. One of these ancillary devices is DANTE, a very compact array of MCP (Micro Channel Plate) detectors developed at LNL for the Doppler correction of the products having trajectories not directed towards PRISMA. The coupling of the ancillary electronic and Data Acquisition (DAQ) with the AD is needed in order to provide correlated events.

Summary The present paper describes a program focusing on food edu- cation and physical activity, carried out at the day centre of the 3rd Psychiatric Serv- ice of Verona. The aim was to verify the feasibility of a group intervention in order to im- prove the quality of lifestyles in psychiatric patients, in view of an extension of it (research protocol PHYSICO, currently in progress).

AGATA is a 4-pi array of HP-Ge detectors for in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy based on the novel concepts of pulse shape analysis (PSA) and gamma-ray tracking. Tracking and PSA require the concurrent digitization -at a sampling rate of 100 Msamples/s -of preamplifier signals of the 36-fold segmented Ge crystals composing the array. Locally digitized data are optically transferred to remote pre-processing nodes for pulse energy computation. The design of the front-end readout and level-1 (L1) trigger in AGATA follows a synchronous pipeline model: the detector data are stored in pipeline buffers at the global AGATA frequency, waiting the global L1 decision. A global timing system provides a reference clock and time tag to the digitizers and the pre-processing units by means of a tree of optically connected timing units. Pre-processing nodes are integrated in ATCA-based carrier cards with full mesh connectivity in the backplane and read-out through pci-express based optical links. Front-end data readout and its integration with the global trigger and synchronization system will be described.

PRISMA is a magneticspectrometer installed at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (Italy)and designed for A=100–200, E=5–10 MeV-per-nucleon beams, and forpossible use with the proposed radioactive beam facility SPES. Theforemost features of the instrument are presented, along with theoutline of two data analyses exemplifying the effectiveness ofPRISMA-CLARA in studies of reactiondynamics.

Since the discovery of the breakdown of shell effects in very neutron‐rich N=20 and 28 nuclei, studies of the properties of nuclei far from stability have been of intense interest since they provide a unique opportunity to increase our understanding of nuclear interactions in extreme conditions and often challenge our theoretical models.Deep‐inelastic processes can be used to populated high spin states of neutron‐rich nuclei. In the deep‐inelastic processes, an equilibration in N/Z between the target and projectile nuclei is achieved. For most heavy neutron‐rich target nuclei, the N/Z ratio is 1.5 – 1.6, while for the possible neutron‐rich sdf‐shell projectile it is about 1.2. Thus by using deep‐inelastic processes one can populate neutron‐rich nuclei around N=20 and N=28.New results for the spectroscopy of neutron‐rich N=22 36Si and 37P are presented here.

Excited states of N=22 Si-36, populated in deep-inelastic processes produced by the interaction of a 215 MeV beam of S-36 ions with a Pb-208 target, were studied in the present work. gamma rays from the binary fragments detected using CLARA, an array of 25 Ge Clover detectors, were measured in coincidence with projectile-like fragments detected by PRISMA, a large solid angle magnetic spectrometer. Two new gamma-ray photopeaks at energies of 1442 and 842 keV were observed and tentatively assigned to the 4(+)-> 2(+) and 6(+)-> 4(+) transitions, respectively. The systematics of the level structures of N=22 isotones are presented, and a comparison is made of the behavior of Si, Mg, and S isotopes. The level structure of Si-36 is also compared with the results of sdpf shell model calculations.

Modern Data Acquisition Systems (DAQs) are composed by several phisically distributed cooperating devices which have to be controlled during the data taking. A Run Control System has to provide a flexible, efficient, and user-friendly environment where the final user can monitor and control all the components (Readout Units, Builder Units, Trigger, Event Manager, etc.) through a Graphical User Interface (GUI). The different characteristics (hardware and software) of the components, their geographical distribution, and the necessity to provide a possibly Web based GUI make Java an interesting candidate, thanks to its features of platform independence, native C/C++ code interface, embedded multithreading, high level communication protocols (CORBA, RMI, TCP), and Web support (applets, swing). This contribution will focus on the Run Control System developed for CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) small DAQ systems. Thought as an easy to customize framework for small DAQs in general, it uses Java 2 and its CORBA implementation as communication backbone. Each component is controlled by a CORBA server, which behaviour is modelled through Finite State Machines. A number of services for configuration and setup purposes, error detection and recovery, job control, and status information management are included in the system. Finally, a Web GUI developed using HTML, Javascript and Java applets is presented.

Following the commissioning of the PRISMA large-acceptance spectrometer, installed at the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), an international nuclear-structure collaboration has started to develop a large \(\gamma\)-ray setup to be installed in the target position of the spectrometer. The array is based on the EUROBALL composite CLOVER detectors. In this contribution the CLOVER detector array is described and its expected performance figures discussed. This new setup, by using the high-intensity heavy-ion beams provided by the LNL ALPI linac, will push the study of nuclear structure towards moderately neutron-rich nuclei by means of quasi-elastic and deep inelastic reactions.

The data acquisition system of the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider will employ an event builder which will combine data from about 500 data sources into full events at an aggregate throughput of 100 GByte/s. Several architectures and switch technologies have been evaluated for the DAQ Technical Design Report by measurements with test benches and by simulation. This paper describes studies of an EVB test-bench based on 64 PCs acting as data sources and data consumers and employing both Gigabit Ethernet and Myrinet technologies as the interconnect. In the case of Ethernet, protocols based on Layer-2 frames and on TCP/IP are evaluated. Results from ongoing studies, including measurements on throughput and scaling are presented. The architecture of the baseline CMS event builder will be outlined. The event builder is organised into two stages with intelligent buffers in between. The first stage contains 64 switches performing a first level of data concentration by building super-fragments from fragments of 8 data sources. The second stage combines the 64 super-fragments into full events. This architecture allows installation of the second stage of the event builder in steps, with the overall throughput scaling linearly with the number of switches in the second stage. Possible implementations of the components of the event builder are discussed and the expected performance of the full event builder is outlined.

XDAQ is a generic data acquisition software environment that emerged from a rich set of of use-cases encountered in the CMS experiment. They cover not the deployment for multiple sub-detectors and the operation of different processing and networking equipment as well as a distributed collaboration of users with different needs. The use of the software in various application scenarios demonstrated the viability of the approach. We discuss two applications, the tracker local DAQ system for front-end commissioning and the muon chamber validation system. The description is completed by a brief overview of XDAQ.

A simulation of the event building network of the Data Acquisition System of the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN has been developed. The simulation of this highly complex system allows the validation of the system design and the optimization of its performance. The correctness of the simulation model is verified using measurements from test set-ups and a forecast for the full-scale system is made.