传统的安全帽设计当中,仅仅是针对安全帽的结构参数及性能进行设计和优化,伴随着智能化软硬件技术的发展,智能化相关技术应用到终端设备中的案例越来越多,能够很好地丰富智能终端设备的生产和应用.对此本文结合着现场的安全设备需求,设计了一种应用于狭窄空间施工安全帽,其中安全帽主体的结构参数包括能够感应四周的性能参数块以及安装块,同时安装块内设置有固定式的反射红外传感器,使工人在狭窄空间施工时可以通过反射式红外传感器检测与精密仪器仪表的距离,当检测距离过近时震动片震动提醒工人,减少人员及设备安全事故的发生,同时也能够对仪器、仪表、管道、线路做到有效保护,降低安全风险,降低设备损坏率,节约设备维护修理成本,结构新颖,加工成本低.

石油石化工程中，高空作业中一旦发生坠落事件将会对工作人员的生命安全产生较大的危害，对此本文依据国家标准和规范，对高空作业的安全防护装置的设计要求进行了综述，也对各类预防方法进行了相关的探析。同时也结合着工程的实际经验，设计了一种全新的安全装置，为一线的生产工作人员提供有效的防护。

炼油企业是重要的挥发性有机物(VOCs)人为排放源,排放的VOCs主要来自无组织源,监控及排放核算困难.笔者总结了国内外炼油企业VOCs排放通量监控及核算技术体系,综述了各类VOCs无组织排放通量监测技术的原理及适用范围,着重评述了工业场地VOCs无组织排放通量监测最佳实用技术——红外掩日通量监测(SOF)和差分吸收激光雷达(DIAL)及其在炼油企业的应用进展.总体上,SOF仪器及监测费用适中,但易受阳光等天气条件限制;DIAL几乎可全天候监测,但仪器及监测费用较高.SOF和DIAL监测的欧美炼油企业VOCs排放系数一般为0.02％～0.10％,约为排放清单值的3-10倍.国内炼油厂VOCs排放核算采用的排放系数约为美国排放清单值(0.01％～0.02％)的10倍,尚待实测校验和修订.VOCs无组织排放通量监测技术也可用于检查或评估炼油企业泄漏检测与修复(LDAR)等VOCs无组织排放控制效果.

无组织排放占石化企业挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放的主导地位,排放点多、面广、量大、分散、无规则,总体表现为大型面源或体积源,监测难度很大.本文评述了点、线和面(通量)等VOCs无组织排放监测技术及应用进展,总结了石化企业VOCs无组织排放监测存在的主要问题与难点,提出了石化企业VOCs无组织排放监测体系及适用监测技术.总体上,石化企业VOCs无组织排放监控存在排放清单质量不高、源头监测及溯源困难、排放烟羽及其迁移扩散途径无定形、厂界等开放空间难以封闭监测、常规监测的时间和空间覆盖有限等问题或技术难点,可复合应用点、线、面及通量监测技术,结合常规离线、实时在线、排放通量、移动快速响应等监测设计,构建覆盖排放与环境影响的多元化、网络化、立体化监控体系.未来石化企业VOCs无组织排放监控将向多层级、智能化和大数据应用发展.

分析了近些年来研发的新型吸附材料,总结了其中在水上溢油应急处理领域中较有实际应用价值的吸附材料,并探讨其工业应用形式及可能性,以期促进新型吸附材料在溢油处理领域的应用,推进搭载特异性吸附材料的处置技术研发.

质量流量计被广泛用于石油化工产品的贸易交接计量中,虽然质量流量计具有相对准确、耐用及智能化的优点,但是在实际的应用中,仍存在不少问题.如果不能正确、适当地加以解决,将影响质量流量计应用的效果.本文对影响质量流量计计量结果的因素(如检定、应力补偿、介质气化、应力等)进行了实验分析,提出了质量流量计在实际应用中应注意的事项.

Leak detection and repair (LDAR) process is regarded as the best available method to control the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the leakage of equipment in refining and petrochemical plants. As a pioneer in the study of LDAR, Sinopec persists in exerting tremendous efforts to improve the appropriate utilized LDAR technology and management. In this paper,current application progress of LDAR in Sinopec was introduced from the aspects of work-pattern, workflow, components identification and components inspection. Besides, based on the successful experience in developed countries, practical suggestions were proposed for the development of LDAR in China.

采用“HAZOP+ LOPA+风险矩阵”复合式风险分析、评估方法对2005年3月23日英国石油公司(BP)位于美国德克萨斯州(Texas)的炼油厂异构化装置发生的火灾爆炸事故进行了分析,找出事故场景中的有效的独立保护层,进而判断事故发生的根本原因.

Oil refining and petrochemical industry is considered as one of the main anthropogenic sources of VOCs emissions. VOCs emitted from refineries and petrochemical plants include alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and other organic species which cause not only air pollution but also processing loss. It is of fundamental importance to measure the total VOCs emissions and distributions in order to effectively control and reduce VOCs emissions. Solar Occultation Flux (SOF) has been proven to be one of the best available techniques for the field measurement of total fugitive VOCs emissions and distributions. SOF has been applied over 60 industrial sites around the world, and is being developing as a standard method by European Committee for Standardization (CEN). In this paper, technical principle and measurement method of SOF technique were introduced as well as application fields and some application cases in the monitoring of VOCs emission from petroleum and petrochemical industry.

介绍重油制氢低温甲醇洗装置甲醇冷却器内漏的问题,分析内漏原因,采取相应处理措施,维持生产,择机对其进行更换.

As an emerging technology for VOCs emission control at home, leak detection and repair (LDAR) still has many problems in components identification, leak detection and database application, etc. Fortunately, LDAR audits can make up for the deficiency. In this paper, the development history of LDAR audits in America was reviewed, and new progress of LDAR audits at home was stressed. Meanwhile, combined with the auditing mechanism of Sinopec that was established in the process of LDAR implementation, future development trend of LDAR audits in China was proposed.

In order to solve the serious water-out problem in the low permeability fractured reservoir of Qiang 1 block, the effect of concentration of each component on the water shutoff performance of the plugging agent system was studied, and the concentration parameters were optimized. The results show that the effects of cross linking agent concentration, initiator concentration and stabilizer concentration on the initial viscosity, initial setting viscosity, initial setting time and gelation strength of the water shutoff system are different.

针对石油化工企业转动设备主要是泵群管理与检维修所面临的问题,介绍了一种基于无线传感网络优点的全新解决方案:以无线传感网络的机泵设备智能监测为基础的预知性维修.即采用"无线智能传感+远程监测+专家分析",三位一体构成一个完整的预知性维修解决方案.该方案在胜利石化总厂的应用表明:该系统能够及时、准确地采集机泵设备的振动和温度数据,并且根据数据的异常状况及时报警,提出针对性检维修建议,达到了依据智能检测数据进行检修的效果,大大降低了机泵故障率、减少了非计划停机时间,引领企业机泵管理进入预知性维修的新阶段.

采用射流——尾迹三元流动水泵设计方法,在不改变原泵体、电机、管路系统的前提下,设计制造了新型三元流叶轮,代替原泵内的普通叶轮,改造后,流量增加,电机耗电量降低,单耗下降了6%,取得了较明显的节能效果。

The application of SIL technology according to IEC 61511 standard in the hydrocracking and FCC installation is introduced.The SIL assessment related to working contents,system organization,findings and application are also proposed.The findings and associated design modification suggestions are systematically applied during the design and commissioning stages.It is found that by using SIL technology,the risk of two installations is dramatically reduced,which is benefit for the long term safety operation of the installations.

The paper formulates the general development situation of metrology software at home and abroad.It also gives a detail introduction about the primary functions,technical characteristics,operation environment and application effect of JL-100 Metrology Management Software,which is developed by Jianghan Well Logging Company,based on B/S structure.It will provide helpful technical reference for the company,other relative units in the oilfield and hobbyists to study metrological management information.

The small automatic feeding equipment of third RFCCU is simply remade based on the U tube pressure equilibri- um principle.Productive operational data for four years show that the small automatic feeding equipment after remade possesses a lot of advantages such as simple technological process,perfect functions,feeding smooth and steady,durable,service and maintain easily,lower cost in operation and maintain.These demonstrate that the technology revamping state-of-the-art and en- gineering design are successful.

Three issues about lightning-proof in automation design are introduced:1) minimal distance against lightning-stroke between cable (cabinet) and independent lightproof system;2) EMC of control system-surge immunity;3) bonding.