Retirees face numerous challenges, particularly in countries with lower socio-economic conditions. Perceived social isolation and happiness levels are seen as significant factors that significantly affect the quality of life in old age. Perceived social happiness levels can disrupt the quality of life in old age and contribute to mental disorders. Recent studies on leisure have suggested a direct impact of individuals’ leisure attitudes on happiness. In this context, leisure nostalgia stands out in the relationship between leisure attitude and happiness levels among retirees. In this study, structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the relationship between leisure attitude, leisure nostalgia, and happiness levels in a sample of 210 retirees. The findings revealed that leisure nostalgia fully mediated the relationship between leisure attitude and happiness. It was concluded that previous experiences significantly shape retirement, and leisure attitude offers valuable opportunities for enhancing happiness through effective leisure utilization.

This study examines the complex relationship between empathy, aggressive behavior, and psychological resilience. The aim of the research is to understand the psychological resilience and emotional balance of basketball players, with a particular focus on the roles of empathy and aggressive behaviors. The study's sample consists of 94 active basketball players competing in the Turkey Basketball 1st and 2nd Leagues. The data collection instruments employed include a short psychological resilience scale, an empathy scale in the sports context, and a scale for measuring aggression and anger in sports. The findings support the idea that empathy promotes positive interactions among individuals and reduces aggressive behavior (beta =-.30, p < .05). Furthermore, a crucial discovery is that psychological resilience serves as a mediator in this relationship. A positive relationship is observed between psychological resilience and empathy (beta = .17, p < .05), while a negative relationship exists between psychological resilience and both aggression and anger (beta =-.57, p < .05). It is concluded that enhancing empathy skills among basketball players and providing support for psychological resilience can contribute to improved performance in competitive environments and the maintenance of emotional balance.

Deviant or purple leisure associated with crime and criminal behaviour is notable as the non-innocent aspect of leisure. However, the deviant behavioural tendencies of leisure participants are an overlooked issue. The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to evaluate the deviant leisure tendencies of individuals. First, in-depth interviews and content analysis were conducted to generate the initial items. Second, exploratory factor analysis was conducted with 165 university students to determine the ideal number of items and to facilitate factor extraction. Third, confirmative factor analysis was employed to investigate 350 subjects on-site. Experimental evidence on psychometric qualities was uncovered through these processing steps and the Adult Deviant Leisure Tendency Scale (ADLTS) (one dimension and five items) was developed. As a result, it can be said that ADLTS is a valid and reliable measurement tool for individuals.

Bu kitapta, sapkın boş zaman’ın çeşitli yönlerini ele alacak ve derinlemesine analiz edeceğiz. Teorik temellerinden gerçek dünya örneklerine, sapkın boş zaman’ı etkileyen faktörlerden toplumun kontrol mekanizmalarına kadar birçok önemli konuya değineceğiz. Ayrıca, bu faaliyetlerin bireysel ve toplumsal sonuçları üzerinde duracak ve gelecekteki trendlere dair tahminlerde bulunacağız. Bu kitap sayesinde, sapkın boş zaman hakkında daha fazla farkındalık yaratmayı, okuyucuların bu konuya ilişkin düşüncelerini ve anlayışlarını derinleştirmeyi umarak yazıyoruz. Amacımız, sapkın boş zaman’ın karmaşık doğasını anlamak için size bir rehber sunmak ve tartışmaları başlatmaktır.

Amaç: Çalışmada, sporda cinsel istismar algısını ölçmek için a) cinsel istismarın algılanan yaygınlığını, b) bir antrenörün cinsel istismar eğilimi olma olasılığını, c) spor organizasyonlarının cinsel istismar riskini nasıl yönetmesi gerektiğine ilişkin algıları ve d) medyanın risk algısı üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek için Sporda Cinsel İstismar Algı Ölçeği'nin (SCİAÖ) Türkçeye uyarlanarak, geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve güvenirlik analizleri SPSS 18.0 sürümü kullanılarak analiz edildi. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin ve Bartlett'in küresellik testi ilk olarak AFA ile ilgili varsayımları sağlamak için incelenmiştir. İkinci analiz kısmında elde edilen maddeler ve faktörler için AMOS 18 sürümü ile doğrulayıcı faktör analizi prosedürleri AFA aracılığıyla gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: Yapılan işlem basamakları aracılığıyla psikometrik niteliklere ilişkin deneysel kanıtlar ortaya çıkarılmış ve SCİAÖ, 4 boyut (yönetim, yaygınlık, etki ve olasılık) ve 13 madde olarak, Türk kültürüne uyarlanmıştır. Model uyum indeks değerleri; χ2/sd=1,21, ortalama karekök yaklaşım hatası=0,030, Uyum İyiliği İndeksi=0,95, Normlaştırılmış Uyum İndeksi=0,96, Düzeltilmiş Uyum İyiliği İndeksi=0,93 ve Karşılaştırmalı Uyum İndeksi=0,99 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin iç tutarlık değeri ise 0,81 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak SCİAÖ'nün bireyler için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Ayrıca çalışmada; teorik ve pratik uygulamalar ile birlikte çalışma sınırlılıkları ve gelecekteki çalışmalar için öneriler sporda cinsel istismar algısı açısından tartışıldı.

Cognitive flexibility studies are being handled and studied in a multidisciplinary manner day by day. In this study, cognitive flexibility levels and leisure boredom perceptions of university students who do sports were examined. The "leisure boredom scale" adapted to Turkish by Kara, Gürbüz and Öncü (2014) and the "Cognitive Flexibility Scale" adapted to Turkish by Altunkol (2011) were used as data collection tools. The universe of the study consists of the students of Atatürk University Faculty of Sports Sciences. Sample; it consists of 188 people, 100 men and 88 women, using simple random sampling technique. As a result of the normality tests, it was determined that the data (Skewness -1.5 and Kurtosis +1.1) showed a homogeneous distribution in the value ranges. Our findings show that students who are interested in team activities have more leisure time satisfaction than those who are interested in individual activities (p=.000). The increase in the rate of engaging in leisure time activities indicates that the scores of the students regarding the perception of leisure boredom decline. It is supported by our findings that high cognitive flexibility is also associated with leisure satisfaction (r=,514).

The aim of this study is to try to define the overlapping and non-overlapping relationships between the concepts of leisure and deviant leisure. Classification of deviant leisure time will inform individuals about what they should pay attention to in their leisure habits. The relations between apparently leisure and deviant leisure may differ from culture to culture or from individual to individual. Leisure behaviors that can be considered in the context of crime are seen as determinants in moral norms (tolerable and untolerable) in characterizing leisure time as normal or deviant. The descriptive case study model, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The case study reveals the limited situations in any field and presents systematic research in order to create the infrastructure that will enable their development. It seems that deviant leisure time is conceptualized as behaviors that violate criminal and non-criminal moral norms. In addition the sensitive point between leisure time and deviant leisure time is violations of moral norms and laws. Leisure activities, which are characterized by social well-being, have now begun to be associated with criminal behavior. The form of leisure activity that occurs with the violation of laws and moral norms is accepted as deviant leisure. It is important in order to create an ideal society determine to factors that affect the transition from leisure to deviant leisure time that leisure scientists, criminologists and social scientists.

Aim: The aim of this study is to develop the movement skills of primary school students (1st and 2nd grades) in Erzurum city center with planned games and movement education applications. Method: 38 students (24 males + 14 females) living in the central campus of Erzurum province and selected according to the convenience sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods, participated in the research. Students participated in specially prepared game and movement training programs between 60-90 minutes 3 days a week during the summer period. In the first stage of the study, basic skills were determined by applying basic skill tests which is flamingo balance, catching the thrown ball, standing long jump, throwing a tennis ball, running 20 meters straight, hitting the ball with the foot, vertical jumping and galloping as a pre-test. At the end of the 2-month (8 weeks) period, basic skill tests were applied as a post-test and their status was compared. Findings: According to the results of the research, a positive (p<0.05) improvement was observed in the initial basic skill tests which applied flamingo balance, catching the thrown ball, standing long jump, throwing a tennis ball, running 20 metetraight, hitting the ball with the foot, vertical jump and gallop. Result: As a result, it was concluded that the game and special movement training program, which is made regularly for primary school 1st and 2nd grade students, contributes positively to their basic motor skills. Key Words: Primary school, games, movement training, skill development.

Recreational activities, which are a service tool in tourism enterprises, are known to have an important place. In this study is to aims evaluation from the managerial aspect of recreation services that offer of the firms in business in the field of winter tourism in Turkey. The sampling of the study consists of 16 winter tourism accommodation (4-5 star) establishments in Turkey. Interview technique was used as data collection method. As a result of the interviews; it is to be understood that hotel facilities do not include enough recreational activities, the activities to be performed are usually determined by the operating manager, different organizations do not support such activities, the preferred activities generally consist of similar and limited activities. As a result, it is seen that winter tourism accommodation companies do not give enough importance to recreation services. It has been concluded that individuals who buy services should spend their leisure time more effectively and efficiently and give importance to qualified recreation experts and recreational activity diversity in order to protect their customer potential.

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of inclusive play and special movement education applied to disadvantaged and peer preschool children in Erzurum city center on their basic skills.22 students (10 disadvantaged children + 12 peer group children) consisting of disadvantaged children and peer children who were educated in special education and rehabilitation centers in the city center of Erzurum and participated voluntarily. Before the study, two seminars were given to the parents of the students, which determined the purpose and objective of the research. Students participated in a specially prepared game and movement training program for 45-60 minutes, 2 days a week during the summer period. Before starting the research, an interview and observation form consisting of 10 questions was prepared for the parents of the children and the results were recorded. At the end of the 2-month (8-week) period, interviews and observations were made with the parents of the children, and the last situation was recorded and compared with the previous situation.In the first parent interviews, the results of the research; it was observed that the children hesitated to participate in the study, they do not want to get close to other children, refrain from sharing game materials and avoid playing together and do not help. While they stated that they did not comply with the game discipline, they stated that at the end of the study program, their initial negative behavior developed completely in a positive way. In expert observations; it was observed that at the beginning, the children did not want to participate in the studies, did not listen to the volunteers, acted randomly, fought over the play materials used, and avoided playing together. While they observed that they behaved randomly, it was stated that the observations developed completely positively at the end of the research process.As a result, it was concluded that inclusive play and special movement training applied to disadvantaged preschool children and peers contributed positively to the social development of children.

Biomaterials are porous and three-dimensional (3D) templates, which are used as biological substitutes in tissue engineering. Targeting the optimal design of biomaterials requires a synergy between mechanical, porous, mass transport, and biological properties. To address this challenge, we propose a non-periodic meta-biomaterial in the form of an out-of-plane auxetic nonwoven scaffold that possesses a 3D interconnected highly porous structure with remarkable mechanical properties corresponding to conventional nonwoven material. A design strategy of utilizing larger fiber diameters to enhance the porosity and permeability characteristics successfully devised the nonwoven scaffold with an extraordinary out-of-plane auxetic effect. In situ tensile-X-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) analysis has been carried out to monitor the variation in the morphological characteristics.

Bu calismada Turizm sektorunde eglence ve aktiviteler departmanlarin da calisan (Animator) bireylerin yorgunluk hislerinin mesleklerine karsi tutumlarini etkileme bicimleri arastirilmistir. Arastirma 2017 yili yaz doneminde Antalya ve Bodrum bolgelerinde bulunan 6 (alti) farkli (4-5 yildizli) otelde animatorluk meslegini icra eden 107 bireye anket formlari online bicimde gonderilerek veriler toplanmistir. Veri toplama araci uc (3) kisimdan olusan anket formundan olusmaktadir. Birinci kisimda demografik ozellikler ile ilgili sorular yer alirken ikinci kisimda Beurskens (2000) tarafindan gelistirilen; Ergin (2009) tarafindan Turkceye adapte edilen “Checklist Individual Strength Questionnaire” (CIS) yorgunluk anketi, ucuncu kisimda ise Ustuner (2006) tarafindan gelistirilen “Mesleki Tutum Olcegi” kullanilmistir. Yapilan analizler sonucunda katilimcilarin subjektif yorgunluk seviyeleri mesleklerine karsi tutumlarini direkt olarak etkiledigi (p<0.01) bulgulanmistir. Ayrica yorgunluk ile mesleki tutum arasinda negatif yonde bir iliski oldugu saptanmistir (r=- 452).

Yapilan bu calismada Turkiye’nin farkli universitelerinde ogrenim goren ve universiteler arasi halk danslari yarismalarina katilan ogrencilerin, davranis ozellikleri ile eglence egilimleri arasindaki iliskinin incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Calismanin evrenini; Turkiye’de bulunan universitelerde halk danslariyla ilgilenen ve aktif olarak gerceklestiren ogrenciler olustururken; orneklem grubunu ise Turkiye Universite Sporlari Federasyonu’nun, 2017 yili Nisan ayinda Mugla Bodrum’da gerceklestirdigi universiteler arasi halk danslari yarismasina katilan universitelerden, 179’u kadin, 153’u erkek olmak uzere toplam 332 ogrenciden olusmaktadir. Calismada uc bolumden olusan anket formu kullanilmistir. Birinci bolumde katilimcilarin demografik ozellikleri, ikinci bolumde Shen, Chick ve Zinn (2014) tarafindan gelistirilen ve Yurt, Keles ve Kogar (2016) tarafindan Turkce gecerlik ve guvenirlik calismasi yapilan Yetiskin Eglence Egilimi Ozelligi Olcegi (YEEOO), ucuncu bolumde ise Batigun ve Sahin (2006) tarafindan gelistirilen Davranislar olcegi kullanilmistir. Verilerin analizinde, demografik degiskenleri tespit etmek amaciyla frekans analizi, olceklerin cinsiyet degiskenine gore karsilastirilmasinda Independent Samples T-Testi ve her iki olcegin birbirleriyle olan iliskisini incelemek amaciyla Pearson Korelasyon testi uygulanmistir. Yapilan analizler sonucunda Yetiskin Eglence Egilimi Ozelligi Olcegi ile Davranislar Olcegi arasinda anlamli bir iliski oldugu tespit edilmistir (p<0.01). Arastirmanin sonucunda katilimcilarin kisilik egilimleri ile eglence egilimleri arasinda pozitif yonde anlamli bir iliski oldugu tespit edilmistir (p<0.01). Ayrica davranislar olceginden alinan puanlarin yuksek olusu bireylerin A-Tipi kisilik egilimine sahip olduklarini ve bu bireylerin eglence egilimi gosterdigini ortaya koymaktadir.

In this study, luffa fibre-reinforced low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites were prepared. Luffa fibres were processed with a range of chemicals and enzymes prior to composite production to improve the properties of the resulting composites. These treatments include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment and modification with laccase enzyme solution. The effect of pre-treatments on luffa fibres was studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface porosity of the luffa fibre mat was calculated using image analysis software. The geometry of luffa mat before and after the treatments was compared. Luffa fibre reinforced polyethylene (PE) composite plates were produced using compression moulding technique. The mechanical properties of the composites with treated and control (without treatment) fibres were evaluated by means of tensile tests.

In this study, the hybrid composites were prepared by stacking jute/PP nonwoven and flax/MAPP woven fabrics in defined sequences. Polypropylene (PP) and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) were used as matrix materials. Jute and flax fibers were treated with alkali solution in order to improve the interface properties of the resultant composites. The mechanical properties of these hybrid composites were analyzed by means of tensile, flexural, and drop‐weight impact tests. The effect of fabric stacking sequence on the mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. The stacking of nonwovens at the top and in alternate layers has resulted in maximum flexural strength, flexural stiffness, and impact force. It was also shown that hybrid composites have improved tensile, flexural, and impact properties in comparison to neat PP matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:2167–2173, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

In this research work, the viscoelastic properties of jute/polypropylene nonwoven reinforced composites were investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis. The surface of jute fibers was treated with defined content of alkali solution for improving the adhesion characteristics of fiber–matrix interface in the resultant composites. Nonwovens having 40 and 60 wt% jute content were used as reinforcements in jute/polypropylene composites. The magnitudes of peak storage modulus and loss modulus of nonwoven composites improved with an increase in the jute fiber content. The influence of stacking sequence of preferentially and non-preferentially aligned nonwovens on viscoelastic properties of composites was also investigated. The interface adhesion characteristics of composites under dynamic loading conditions were evaluated using adhesion efficiency factor and reinforcement effectiveness coefficient. The homogeneity of alkali treated jute fiber based nonwoven composites has also been analyzed using Cole–Cole plots.

In this study, the jute/polypropylene nonwoven reinforced composites were prepared using film stacking method. The surface of jute fibers was modified using alkali treatment. These alkali treated jute fiber nonwoven composites were analyzed for their tensile and flexural properties. Increasing the amount of jute fibers in the nonwovens has improved the mechanical properties of their composites. The effect of stacking sequence of preferentially and nonpreferentially aligned nonwovens within the composites was also investigated. The flexural and tensile moduli of composites were found to be significantly enhanced when nonwovens consisting of preferentially and nonpreferentially aligned jute fibers were stacked in an alternate manner. The existing theoretical models of tensile modulus of fiber reinforced composites have been analyzed for predicting the tensile modulus of nonwoven composites. In general, a good agreement was obtained between the experimental and theoretical results of tensile modulus of nonwoven composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1044–1050, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers