利用矿渣-CaO-脱硫石膏为胶凝材料、海砂为骨料,制备出了较高强度的新型人工鱼礁.借助力学性能测试、X射线衍射、热重分析和扫描电镜考查了脱硫石膏对新型人工鱼礁材料的抗压强度和水化产物的影响.结果表明:适量脱硫石膏的掺加能够显著提高CaO激发矿渣胶凝材料的胶结强度,促进钙矾石(AFt)在水化过程的优先生成,较佳石膏掺量条件下3 d强度可提高51.4％,7 d强度提高35.7％,28 d强度提高25.2％;重金属离子溶出检测结果表明,浸泡试样的海水水质符合国家一类海水水质标准;表面浸出液pH值检测显示,人工鱼礁材料试块海水浸泡初期,表层有少量OH-溶出,使浸泡液pH值由新鲜海水的8.0升至8.5,但60 d后恢复到正常值;此外,海域实地挂板实验表明,制作出的鱼礁海水相容性良好,有大量水生生物附着.低碱度生态型人工鱼礁能够满足鱼礁的基本性能要求,具有广阔的应用前景,为矿渣及海砂的资源化综合利用提供了一条新的途径.

为了资源化综合利用碱渣,对碱渣制备硫酸钙工艺及其结晶动力学进行研究.采用盐酸浸出-浸出液硫酸沉淀技术路线,阐明了制备二水石膏最佳工艺参数及结晶动力学规律.实验结果表明:在盐酸浓度4.5 mol/L、液固比4∶1、反应温度25℃、反应时间120 s的条件下,浸出率可达到99％以上;在相同温度下,随着停留时间延长,二水硫酸钙晶体生长和成核速率逐渐减小;在一定限度内升高温度,可以提高晶体生长速度,减缓晶体成核的速率;在硫酸滴加速度0.75 mL/min、硫酸质量浓度200 g/L、搅拌速度150 r/min、反应温度70℃、保温时间30 min的条件下可以制备出中位径为32.77 μm的二水硫酸钙.其可作为水泥熟料的添加剂,各项指标均符合国标GB/T21371-2019.

随着中国对环境保护要求的日益提高,非氰提金方法在黄金选冶工业中所占比重越来越高.对中国近年来涌现出的新型环保提金剂的种类、性能和浸金效率进行了归纳总结,并重点对该类提金剂的合成和浸金机理进行了分析探讨.提出了进一步开展新型环保提金剂合成工艺优化及浸金机理研究、不断增强其对不同类型金矿石的适应性,是该类提金剂未来推广应用的重点研究方向,以期为实现"绿色、环保、安全"的黄金选冶提供借鉴.

为了探索碱渣在碱激发矿渣胶凝材料中大宗利用的可行性,以硅酸盐水泥熟料和硬石膏为激发剂,制备出达到32.5 R复合硅酸盐水泥抗压强度等级的碱渣-矿渣基复合胶凝材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重(TG)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对材料的水化产物和微观特征进行研究.结果表明:该材料的水化产物主要为水化硅酸钙(CSH)凝胶、针棒交织状钙矾石(AFt)、片层交织状Friedel's盐(Fs),AFt和Fs发挥骨架支撑作用,CSH凝胶将骨架与未水化反应颗粒黏结在一起,同时填充在水化产物空隙中.胶凝材料宏观抗压强度主要与250℃以下水化产物分解所引起的失重率成正相关,失重率越大,抗压强度越高.

以双固废(金尾矿和碱渣)制备的保温型泡沫陶瓷为基础,考察了温度、发泡剂、助熔剂、稳泡剂的含量对Ca-Mg-Al-Si体系多孔陶瓷孔结构和晶相的影响,采用Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件对多孔产品的孔径分布进行了统计学分析,讨论了烧结过程中原料基本组成对微观结构的影响.研究发现:升高温度,会破坏硅酸盐聚合度,改变非晶态物质含量,通过影响熔体黏度改变孔结构;发泡剂SiC对孔结构的调节主要通过改变添加量来控制孔内气体压力Pg,从而调节孔结构;Al对孔结构的影响存在两面性,当Al含量低时(nAi2O3/nMO＜1,M=Ca,Mg,K,Na),Al—O配位体为四面体,当Al含量高(nAl2O3/nMO＞1)时,Al—O配位体为八面体,配位变化会引起黏度的复杂变化;Ca对孔结构的影响分两个阶段,Ca含量低时,主要参与打破硅酸盐网络结构,Ca含量高时,其参与生成少量辉石晶体;Mg通过生成辉石晶体,对孔结构进行调控,但Mg含量过高时,生成的大量针状晶体会对气孔产生过度抑制,导致气孔不能正常发育.

分析碱渣的物理化学性质,重点综述碱渣在胶凝材料制备领域的研究进展,并讨论目前存在的问题和今后研究方向.结果表明,碱渣的化学组分主要为CaCO3、CaCl2、NaCl、Ca(OH)2、CaSO4等,其pH值一般为10～12,粒径≤25 μm的颗粒质量分数可达95％以上,为多孔聚集体颗粒形态,孔隙发达;碱渣中含有的Ca(OH)2可为火山灰质材料的水化提供碱性环境,CaCl2、NaCl、CaSO4等可与火山灰质材料中的氧化硅、氧化铝等组分生成晶质水化产物;以碱渣、矿渣为主要原料可制备出3、28 d抗压强度分别达20.7、42.2 MPa的碱渣-矿渣复合胶凝材料;碱渣作为烧制水泥熟料过程中的钙质原料,可烧制成强度等级达到52.5的硅酸盐水泥熟料,其3、28d抗压强度分别可达到23.4、53.1 MPa;碱渣也可用于烟气脱硫、污水处理、改善酸性土壤等方面.今后应着重于高强度碱渣胶凝材料的制备研究,加强对可溶性氯盐等含量要求不严格的应用领域的探索.

为了考察不同固体含量尾矿浆体的流变特性,对不同固体含量尾矿浆体的坍落度、扩展度、表观黏度及屈服应力等流变参数进行测定.结果表明:不同固体含量的尾矿浆体总体表现出屈服假塑性体流变特性,但当剪切速率高于一定数值时,又表现出宾汉流体流变特性;表观黏度随剪切速率的增大先急剧降低后趋于稳定,随固体含量增大至一定数值后迅速增大;屈服应力随固体含量的变化规律与表观黏度随固体含量的变化规律相似;尾矿浆体的表观黏度和屈服应力与坍落度呈负线性相关关系,与扩展度呈负对数相关关系,表观黏度和屈服应力可看作坍落度与扩展度的综合表现,可分别表现出因固体含量变化引起的浆体流变特性的改变.

赤泥作为我国大宗固废来源之一,在当前经济技术条件下利用率仍较低,探索赤泥开发利用的新途径,对我国的环境保护和经济发展具有重要意义.对赤泥的种类和性能进行简要评述,指出将赤泥用于水泥和混凝土,能够在一定程度上缓解赤泥大量堆存所造成的环境问题.但是赤泥的碱含量高,难以实现其在传统建筑材料领域的大规模利用,必须进行脱碱预处理以降低其碱含量;高碱性赤泥在碱激发胶凝材料中表现出巨大的应用潜力,以活化赤泥为主要原料能够制备出性能优异的赤泥基胶凝材料,是实现赤泥综合利用的一条重要途径.

文章将BOPPPS教学模型应用在工艺矿物学课程教学中,坚持以学生为中心,强调教学过程控制,采用问题启发—任务驱动—案例教学—师生互动—自主学习等教学方法,提高学生学习的主动性和课堂的参与度,提高课程教学质量.

硫酸钙因具备优良的性能被广泛应用在多个领域中.通过煤粉还原硫酸钙能够制备出硫化钙,提升硫酸钙的整体利用率.现阶段硫酸钙的晶须需要通过天然石膏进行制备,从长远的经济发展来看,这种工艺对不可再生资源会产生巨大的消耗,对天然石膏也会造成巨大的消耗.废弃磷石膏也会加大土地的占用,对周边的水源和环境造成一定的污染,阻碍化工行业的可持续发展.

海砂混凝土是指采用海砂为骨料制备而成的混凝土.随着河砂资源的日趋减少,致使建筑用砂逐渐短缺,利用海砂来制备混凝土,可以一定程度缓解建筑用砂短缺的压力.介绍了海砂中氯离子、硫酸根离子和贝壳类等有害物质对混凝土耐久性能的影响.针对目前海砂混凝土在开发利用方面存在的问题,概述了海砂淡化、钢筋保护法和采用新型耐腐材料(FRP)3种改进措施.最后就海砂混凝土研究现状提出了3点建议,以期为未来的研究方向提供参考.

为研究金矿尾矿制备硅酸盐水泥的可行性,以蚀变岩型金矿尾矿为原料,制备了4种硅酸盐水泥,分别从煅烧温度、熟料物相、物理性能、水化产物等方面进行了考察.结果表明:金矿尾矿用于硅酸盐水泥制备的最佳煅烧温度为1450℃;4种水泥熟料的物相均为C3 S、C2 S、C3 A和C4 AF,水化产物均为水化硅酸钙凝胶、钙矾石和氢氧化钙;抗折强度和抗压强度随金矿尾矿用量的增加先增加后降低,且当金矿尾矿、石灰石、黏土、铁质矫正剂的质量比为6.00:86.11:4.60:3.29时,水泥的抗折强度和抗压强度最大,满足强度等级52.5硅酸盐水泥的标准.该研究为金矿尾矿的资源化利用拓宽了途径,为传统硅质水泥原料提供了补充.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of organic–inorganic hybrid functional materials that are generally formed via the self-assembly of metal ions or metal clusters and rigid organic ligands with nitrogen and oxygen atoms. A wide range of potential applications for MOF materials includes gas storage and separation, catalysis, sensing, and drug transportation and release, which is attributable to their versatile designable structures, modifiable chemical functionality, low-density frameworks, large specific surface areas, and functional and permanent pore space. In the past decade, MOFs and their composite materials have also been employed to remove various contaminants from the environment. This paper presented the significant research progress and outcomes achieved using MOF materials in the removal of environmental pollutants from water, based on a review of related studies regarding the removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants from water environments. This represented the first part of a larger paper in which the progress of MOF materials research was presented with respect to the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution. The presence of heavy metals in water is a global environmental issue that has been receiving considerable attention worldwide. According to previous research reports, MOF materials have high adsorption capacities for common heavy metals, such as Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Ag+, Cs+, Sr2+, Hg(II), \begin{document}$ {\rm{TcO}}_4^ - $\end{document} , Se(VI), As(III), and As(V). Some MOF materials have even higher adsorption capacities than conventional adsorbent materials. The adsorption mechanism mainly involves electrostatic attraction, coordination/chelation, ion exchange, and pore adsorption (physical adsorption). Based on a review of previous studies, it is believed that the future research field includes but is not limited to the following: (1) the structure–activity relationship between the MOF structure and heavy-metal removal, (2) the functionalization, surface modification, and pore size adjustment technology of MOF, or the preparation of composite MOF materials, (3) further study of the regulation of the defect structures of MOFs to develop new MOF materials with higher adsorption efficiency, (4) improving the recyclability of MOF materials, and (5) developing new MOF materials with high structural stability, high adsorption capacities, high selectivity, low cost, and which are easily reused.

地聚物泡沫混凝土是一种新型轻质多孔材料,具有轻质高强、吸声隔热、吸能抗震、节能利废、耐酸耐腐等优良性能.本文综合介绍了地聚物泡沫混凝土的制备工艺及研究现状,并对其性能和应用现状进行了探讨,最后指出了其应用中常见的问题,展望了未来地聚物泡沫混凝土的应用前景与发展方向.

Methane conversion reactions over the LaNi-YSZ and Ni-YSZ anodes, which involve methane decomposition, H2O and CO2 reforming of methane and electrochemical oxidation of H2, CO, C and CH4, are investigated through electrochemical and catalytic performance measurements. The addition of La to the nickel-based anode results in high activity for methane decomposition to hydrogen and carbon deposits. Carbon deposits on the LaNi-YSZ anode as well as on the Ni-YSZ anode could be removed by H2O and CO2, suggesting high reactivity of carbon deposits. The addition of La to the nickel-based anode also enhances the activity for electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen. On the LaNi-YSZ anode, high catalytic activity for methane reforming supplies enough hydrogen for electrochemical oxidation reaction, while high activity for electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen produces enough H2O for methane reforming. High activity for methane reforming and electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen results in the high performance of methane-fueled cell with LaNi-YSZ anode.

在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐（[BMIM][BF 4 ]）的辅助下,通过一步水热法制备了不锈钢基二氧化锰电极（[BMIM][BF 4 ]-MnO 2 @SS）,并利用SEM、XRD、电化学工作站对其表面形貌、晶型和电化学特征进行表征。结果表明,BF 4 可显著提高电极表面的致密性,促进MnO 2 在不锈钢表面的沉积,同时提高了电极的析氧电位并增强了其电化学活性。以[BMIM][BF 4 ]-MnO 2 @SS为阳极、抛光不锈钢电极（SS）为阴极在电压为3 V条件下对20 mg/L氧氟沙星废水进行电化学降解实验。实验结果表明,降解时间为30 min时,氧氟沙星废水去除率可达89.00%,COD Cr 去除率达到72.56%,同时降解废水能耗降低了51.15%。另外加速寿命实验表明,[BMIM][BF 4 ]-MnO 2 @SS电极寿命为MnO 2 @SS电极的1.90倍在降解氧氟沙星废水方面展现出优异的性能。

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of organic–inorganic hybrid functional materials generally formed via self-assembly of metal ions or metal clusters and rigid organic ligands with nitrogen and oxygen atoms. The wide range of potential applications of MOF materials includes gas storage and separation, catalysis, sensing, and drug transportation and release, which can be attributed to their versatile designable structures, modifiable chemical functionality, low-density framework, large specific surface area, and functional and permanent pore space. MOF and its composite materials have also been employed to remove various contaminants from the environment in the recent decade. To present the remarkable research progress and outcomes of MOF materials in the removal of pollutants from the water environment, the related studies on the removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants from the water environment were reviewed in this paper. This was the second paper on the topic that mainly introduced the research progress of MOF materials in the removal of organic pollutants in aqueous solution. The previous studies have shown that MOF materials have open metal sites and Lewis acid–base sites; thus, they exhibit a high adsorption performance for dyes, antibiotics, pesticides, and persistent organic pollutants. Hydrogen bonding, π–π interaction, hydrophobic interaction, and electrostatic attraction are the main mechanisms for their adsorption of organic pollutants. In addition, the large pore structure of some MOF materials is conducive to the adsorption of macromolecular organic pollutants. Moreover, some MOF materials that can be used as catalysts for Fenton-like reactions, photocatalytic reactions, and persulfate activation to degrade organic pollutants, exhibit excellent catalytic performance. The degradation of pollutants in photocatalytic reactions can be mainly attributed to the contributions of ·O2−, ·OH, and h+. In the persulfate system, ·O2−, ·OH, SO4·−, and 1O2 are the main reactive oxide species that cause the decomposition of organic pollutants. Based on the review of previous studies, it is believed that future research will include but will not be limited to the following: (1) the improvement of the performance of MOF in removing organic pollutants and its recyclability; (2) the preparation of new MOF catalytic materials and investigation of catalytic reaction mechanisms; (3) the regulation of the defect structure of MOF to develop new MOF materials with high adsorption and catalytic efficiency; and (4) the analysis of new framework materials, e.g., covalent organic framework materials, and their applications in the field of pollutant purification.

在[BMIM]PF6离子液体辅助下制备了纯CeO2和一系列GO/CuO/CeO2可见光催化剂,并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积及孔隙度分析仪(BET)以及紫外可见漫反射仪(UV-Vis DRS)对样品进行表征及分析.研究了可见光照射下,不同GO和CuO掺杂量对GO/CuO/CeO2复合催化剂产氢活性的影响规律.实验结果表明,复合样品产氢效率明显优于纯CeO2,当GO负载量为2%(质量分数)、CuO负载量为3%(质量分数)时,复合样品的产氢速率可达111.23μmol·h-1·g-1(为纯CeO2的2.5倍),量子效率为15.67%.

为进一步明确水玻璃在矿渣基胶凝材料(SCM)水化过程中的作用机制,借助力学性能测试、X射线衍射和热重分析考察了水玻璃模数对SCM抗压强度和水化产物的影响.同时,采用等温量热法和Krstulovic-Dabic动力学模型,讨论了SCM结晶成核与晶体生长(NG)、相边界反应(I)和扩散(D)过程的水化动力学参数与水玻璃模数之间的相关性.结果表明,在水玻璃模数为0.7～2.5范围内,SCM的主要水化产物均为水化硅(铝)酸钙凝胶,其生成量随水玻璃模数的增加逐渐降低.低水玻璃模数(Ms=0.7)条件下,大量低聚合度硅(铝)酸钙凝胶的生成造成了SCM抗压强度的降低.动力学研究表明,SCM的水化过程符合Krstulovic-Dabic动力学模型,控制历程均表现为NG→I→D.水玻璃模数对SCM水化过程的作用机制在于对各阶段反应速率常数的影响,NG、I和D过程的反应速率常数均随水玻璃模数的增加逐渐降低,导致了SCM水化反应速率下降.

为实现某铁矿尾矿的安全处置,采用旋流器对该尾矿进行了分级浓缩试验,系统考察了给料压力和沉砂口直径对尾矿分级效果的影响.同时,对高浓度尾矿进行了流变特性分析.结果表明,采用Φ100长锥型旋流器能够实现该尾矿的高效分级浓缩,适宜的给料压力和沉砂口直径分别0.25MPa和18mm,旋流器底流浓度和产率分别达到73.03％和62.18％.为保证良好的输送性能,尾矿浓度应控制在74％以下.