Picornaviruses pose a significant threat to both human and animal health, causing many diseases in humans and swine. Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is a globally reported enteric picornavirus commonly associated with subclinical or mild enteric infections in swine populations. Critically, unlike other neurotropic picornaviruses such as Enterovirus A71, no PSV strain has been reported to breach the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Since 2023, outbreaks of diarrhea with concurrent neurological signs like ataxia and lameness have been observed in weaned piglets across China, in particular, on a farm in Zhejiang province in 2025 with 100% morbidity and 20% mortality among the cases. Routine diagnostics ruled out common swine pathogens, but qPCR was positive for PSV. We successfully isolated three PSV strains (ZJ, FJ, SD) from affected piglets. Genetic analysis revealed that the PSV-ZJ is a novel recombinant between strains YC2011/2012 (China, 2011) and XTND/2019 (Vietnam, 2018). Pathogenicity assessment confirmed that the recombinant PSV-ZJ is highly pathogenic, causing severe diarrhea, growth retardation, and significant viral shedding via the respiratory and digestive tracts. qPCR and histopathology confirmed viral presence in intestinal and brain tissues, indicating that PSV-ZJ can cross the blood-brain barrier. This study presents the first quantitative viral load and histopathological data for a highly pathogenic recombinant PSV strain in China and emphasizes the critical role of recombination in driving viral virulence evolution, necessitating enhanced surveillance and the development of targeted preventive strategies.

Rapid, field-deployable nucleic acid extraction methods are critical for timely pathogen surveillance and effective outbreak response within the aquaculture industry. To address the limitations of centralized laboratory testing, this study developed and optimized a centrifugation-free, solid-phase nucleic acid extraction approach utilizing amino-functionalized silica matrices. We synthesized and evaluated a series of functionalized matrices especially chitosan oligosaccharide-modified diatomaceous earth (CODE), chitosan oligosaccharide-modified spherical silica gel (COSG), and chitosan oligosaccharide-modified silica gel membranes (COSM)—to determine their efficiency in the adsorption and elution of plasmid DNA. The results demonstrated that these modified materials efficiently adsorbed nucleic acids under acidic conditions (pH 4.0–7.0). Nucleic acid release was effectively triggered under alkaline conditions (pH 8.0–11.0). Optimization assays revealed that CODE and COSG exhibited maximal adsorption at pH 4.0, whereas COSM performed optimally at pH 5.0. Elution efficiency was maximized using Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer at pH 10.0 for CODE and at pH 11.0 for COSM/COSG. By integrating the optimized COSM material into a standard syringe filter unit, we constructed a portable device capable of rapid extraction nucleic acids from tissue lysates via simple manual filtration. Although the device yielded RT-qPCR Cycle Threshold (Ct) values slightly higher than those of commercial spin-column kits, it maintained consistent and reliable detection limits for clinical samples, validating its utility for diagnostic screening. These findings indicate that amino-modified silica matrices offer a robust, low-cost and equipment-free solution for on-site nucleic acid preparation, facilitating point-of-care detection of aquaculture pathogens.

The addition of indigenous synthetic microbial community (SynCom) has emerged as an effective strategy for enhancing the growth performance and disease resistance of animals. However, the current approaches for constructing SynComs that could efficiently resist the infection of pathogen are still limited. Here, multiple gut bacterial consortia enriched in different media were obtained to screen the bacterial consortia with high resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, and then the key bacterial strains were directly isolated to construct SynComs according to the community compositions of these bacterial consortia. The results indicated that the gut bacterial consortia enriched in the media of R2A including kanamycin (R2A + Kan), R2A, and Gauze's Synthetic Medium No.1 (GM1) significantly improved the shrimp fitness, and enhanced the survival rates of shrimp by more than 68 % after Vibrio infection. Based on the bacterial community composition of gut bacterial consortia with high-resistance against V. parahaemolyticus FX1 infection, eight key taxa with relative abundances >0.01 % were identified as potential V. parahaemolyticus FX1-resistant candidates. Among them, six key taxa belonging to Ruegeria, Microbacterium, Tenacibaculum, Demequina, Exiguobacterium, and Bacillus, were simultaneously enriched in the gut bacterial consortia of R2A + Kan, four key taxa assigned to Paracoccus, Microbacterium, Tenacibaculum, and Tritonibacter were simultaneously enriched in the gut bacterial consortia of R2A, and the key taxa of Ruegeria, Microbacterium, Exiguobacterium, and Bacillus were simultaneously enriched in the gut bacterial consortia of GM1. Eight corresponding bacterial strains were isolated from these gut bacterial consortia, and were used to construct four SynComs: SynCom(All) (containing all eight strains), SynCom(R2A+Kan), SynCom(R2A), and SynCom(GM1). Addition of these SynComs not only improved shrimp fitness but also conferred protection against V. parahaemolyticus infection. This study provided a rapid and effective strategy for directly constructing SynComs that could improve shrimp resistance against pathogenic microbes through the combination of enrichment culture and bacterial community sequencing.

As opportunistic intracellular pathogens, viruses rely on numerous sequential interactions between host and viral factors for their replication. Given the significance of molecular chaperones (heat shock protein 70 and heat shock protein 90) in mediating protein homeostasis, research has suggested that they are involved in viral infections in many ways. This study explored the roles of HSP70 and HSP90 in the Senecavirus A (SVA) life cycle. We demonstrate that HSP70 and HSP90 regulate virus internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent translation activity by acting on SVA IRES. Additionally, we show that HSP70 promotes SVA IRES-dependent translation through association with SVA IRES domain II, and HSP90 may function through interaction with SVA IRES domain IV. Furthermore, we found that the structural proteins and four non-structural proteins (Lpro, 2B, 2C, 3A) were shown to interact with HSP70 and HSP90. Furthermore, we determined that HSP70 and Hsp90 activity is important for virus replication by stabilizing SVA proteins and preventing their degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome, apoptosis, and autophagy-lysosome pathway. Our findings indicate that HSP70 and HSP90 activity is essential for SVA replication, offering new insights into the development of potential specific control strategies against SVA infection.

Finders Technology Associates (FTA) cards offer a streamlined solution for the storage, transportation, and extraction of samples. In this study, we assessed the diagnostic efficacy of IHHNV DNA sample storage on FTA cards following simulated transportation under varying conditions (-20°C, 4°C, 25°C, 37°C) over a 60d period. By comparing two elution methods, we determined that optimal results were achieved by performing three elutions with FTA purification reagent at room temperature, followed by two elutions with TE buffer, each lasting 5 min, with a 200 μL elution volume. After the final elution, the membrane was air-dried at room temperature for 1 h before real-time PCR analysis. Our findings revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in nucleic acid preservation with respect to storage temperature and time (P > 0.05). This suggests that nucleic acids stored on FTA cards remained stable under all tested temperature conditions for a minimum of 2 months. For on-site IHHNV monitoring, we analyzed shrimp homogenate samples. Our results demonstrated that eluting and extracting nucleic acid directly from shrimp tissue using FTA cards yielded results comparable in magnitude to conventional reagent kits when analyzed using real-time PCR. This underscores the equivalence of these two methods for nucleic acid extraction. FTA cards prove to be an effective tool for storing and detecting IHHNV DNA samples, offering a convenient and environmentally friendly solution. This method can be routinely employed and easily transported via standard postal systems, making it particularly advantageous for cross-border transportation.

Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus(IHHNV)is a shrimp disease that poses a substantial threat to the shrimp farming industry.Owing to the significant economic impact of IHHNV on the global shrimp farming industry,the World Organization for Animal Health(WOAH)has listed IHHNV as a notifiable crustacean pathogen.The primary IHHNV detection method usually involves capturing individual shrimp for molecular biological testing.Using environmental DNA(eDNA)technology,which allows rapid and economical pathogen monitoring directly from environmental samples,has rapidly developed for aquatic animal pathogen detection applications.eDNA is used to detect aquatic pathogens,such as external parasites in fish and crustacean diseases,including white spot syndrome virus(WSSV),Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei(EHP),and IHHNV.For instance,for a method has been developed for detecting Cyprinid herpesvirus 3(CyHV-3)in environmental waters using virus concentration methods and TaqMan polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The concentration-PCR method achieved an average concentration recovery rate of 67.11％for IHHNV detection in environmental waters based on eDNA principles and techniques.Shrimp carrying the IHHNV pathogen can spread the disease to healthy populations,inducing epidemics.Monitoring pathogens in the water environment is a more direct and effective method compared with testing cultivated shrimp for biosecurity investigations and risk assessments.While such eDNA methods are well-studied,research regarding such applications for soil and sediment is limited.Viruses can persist in pond soil and sediments,serving as natural virus reservoirs and providing potential pathways for virus transmission.However,no studies have monitored the presence of IHHNV in natural environment sediments,which is accompanied by a lack of reliable detecting and quantifying IHHNV detection methods for environmental sediments.eDNA methods enable an effective understanding of pathogen transmission mechanisms and the timely establishment of control measures during disease outbreaks.As a promising tool,eDNA detection has significant application prospects in monitoring aquatic animal diseases.This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of using eDNA technology to detect the shrimp disease pathogen,IHHNV.Different particle size substrates of pond sediments were selected as study subjects.Extraction conditions were optimized using three commercial kits to evaluate the eDNA extraction effects under different substrates and to detect the lowest nucleic acid detection limit of IHHNV using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR).To verify nucleic acid extraction effectiveness from sediments,three different kits were applied to extract DNA from shrimp tissue in both mud and sand substrates,followed by PCR amplification.Considering factors such as kit price,extraction effect,and duration,Kit B and A were selected for nucleic acid extraction from sand and mud sediments,respectively.RT-qPCR amplification of IHHNV in two types of substrate sediments at different addition volumes were observed.As the addition volume of IHHNV-containing shrimp tissue homogenate decreased,the viral load of IHHNV decreased accordingly.The minimum detectable addition volume for IHHNV in sand sediments was 5 μL,with a viral load of 1.52×102 copies/μL;whereas the minimum detectable addition was 10 μL for mud sediments,with a viral load of 1.32×102 copies/μL.The original viral load in 5 μL and 10 μL homogenate volumes were 9.94×102 and 1.72×103 copies/μL,respectively.Compared to the original viral load added,the recovery rate in sand and mud sediments were approximately 15.30％and 7.70％,respectively.The minimum detection limit concentration of different pond sediment components varied by less than an order of magnitude,showing no significant difference in extraction effects,making it suitable for IHHNV detection in sediments.The optimized eDNA technique and RT-qPCR method for cultured shrimp tissue samples were applied to investigate the presence of IHHNV in the farming environment.IHHNV positives were detected in both sediment and shrimp farming ponds between July and September;however,the positive detection rate was lower in sediment than in shrimp(Penaeus vannamei).The study demonstrates that the detection results of pond sediments and cultured P.vannamei samples are consistent,indicating that pond sediments effectively reflect the IHHNV infection status of shrimp farms.IHHNV RT-qPCR detection in pond sediments during the cultivation period from July to September 2022 were observed.IHHNV loads reached 102 copies/μL level in all six farming ponds.Notably,the IHHNV load in the sediment of pond 6-1 reached up to 4.88×102 copies/μL.Viral loads in shrimp tissue samples reached up to 102-103 copies/μL,indicating that IHHNV loads in shrimp tissue samples were higher than those in pond sediments.This study provides a reliable technical method to evaluate IHHNV detection methods in shrimp farming pond sediments,offering a scientific basis for monitoring the health status of cultured animals and supporting the application of eDNA methods for monitoring shrimp pathogens.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs) have become a global public health threat. As one of the main types of livestock, dairy cows under intensive farming practices pose a greater risk as the gastrointestinal tract of subclinically diseased cows serves as a "silent" gene reservoir. However, the distribution, transmission, and impacts of ARGs and VFGs in the gastrointestinal tract of subclinically diseased cows on human health and their own metabolism remain unclear. In this study, a nested case-control study was conducted within a prospective cohort of 211 periparturient dairy cows, collecting a total of 58 samples of rumen fluid, feces, and blood from subclinical ketosis and healthy cows. The results demonstrated that compared to healthy cows, the gastrointestinal microbiome of diseased cows contained a greater number of ARGs and VFGs exhibiting significantly increased abundance (ARGs in rumen: 30 vs 10, ARGs in feces: 66 vs 42; VFGs in rumen: 6 vs 1, VFGs in feces: 30 vs 10). Meanwhile, analysis of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and MetaCompare2 database further indicated that the gastrointestinal microbiome of diseased cows poses a greater potential risk to human health. Additionally, specific ARGs/VFGs (e.g., FosM1) were found to be involved in the pathological process of ketosis of cow and were significantly associated with endogenous pathways such as bile acid metabolism. This highlights the important role of the ARGs-VFGs-CAZymes (Carbohydrate-active enzymes) co-occurrence network in host metabolic diseases. Our study highlights the human health risks of subclinically diseased cows as a reservoir of resistance genes, providing a theoretical basis and practical direction for improving the "One Health" prevention and control strategy.

Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), an emerging virus that can cause severe viral disease in penaeid shrimp, was first confirmed to have spread to China in 2020. In order to standardize diagnostic procedures and reliable detection capability, and to evaluate the performances of aquatic clinical diagnostic laboratories, the executive agency has launched a proficiency test (PT) scheme for the molecular detection of IMNV in China from the year of 2023. In the ring test of IMNV-PT 2023, five tissue samples containing different concentrations of IMNV were provided as a panel of test samples. A total of 68 laboratories participated in the PT test of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the five samples using standard molecular assays. The results showed that 92.65 % (63/ 68) of the participants correctly reported all samples in the panel using Real-time reverse transcription PCR and 62 participants achieved satisfactory results, one participant using conventional PCR and four participants had not completed the test. Out of the 62 participants in the z-scores analysis, 88.71 % (55/62) achieved acceptable ZB-scores, with two outlier laboratories and five laboratories being questionable. Additionally, 98.39 % (61/62) achieved ZW-scores, with only one laboratory being questionable. Furthermore, the national PT conducted in the present study proved to be an effective tool for evaluating laboratory performance in IMNV molecular testing. This assessment can aid in improving the capabilities of IMNV molecular testing of the participating laboratories, and also provide technical support to enhance the national response to IMN outbreaks.

Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) is a widely distributed and highly pathogenic virus affecting shrimp. Helice tientsinensis, a key benthic crab commonly found in shrimp ponds in northern China, has unknown susceptibility to IHHNV and a potential role in viral transmission. In this study, healthy H. tientsinensis individuals were experimentally infected with IHHNV through non-invasive oral way to mimic natural exposure pathways in shrimp aquaculture systems. By day 15 post-infection, some individuals developed small black lesions on the carapace, which mostly resolved after molting. IHHNV-challenged crabs exhibited no mortality. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of Cowdry type A eosinophilic inclusion bodies in hemal sinuses and hepatopancreatic tubules of challenged crabs. In situ hybridization detected strong IHHNV-specific signals in the hepatopancreas, confirming viral infection. Quantitative PCR analysis showed relatively high IHHNV loads in the gills, hepatopancreas, and stomach, with the hepatopancreas exhibiting the highest viral load. Furthermore, this study confirmed cross-species transmission of IHHNV from infected H. tientsinensis to juvenile Penaeus vannamei by qPCR detection and histopathological analysis. These findings meet the WOAH criteria for confirming susceptibility as outlined in Chapter 1.5 of the Aquatic Animal Health Code, supporting the conclusion that H. tientsinensis is a susceptible host of IHHNV. Additionally, a survey conducted from the year 2021 to 2023 revealed the persistent presence of IHHNV in H. tientsinensis populations across various shrimp farming periods along China’s coastal regions, with notably high viral loads detected within pond environments. This study highlights the overlooked risk of cross-species pathogen transmission by wild crab species. The foraging behavior of H. tientsinensis may facilitate the spread of IHHNV within aquaculture systems, posing a potential threat to the health management of shrimp pond farming.

The Yadong trout (Salmo trutta), a species endemic to the Yatung River in Tibet, China, was classified as a second-class protected species in the 20th century. Now, it is considered one of the most important fishery resources in China. In this study, we assembled a near-complete genome of the S. trutta, integrating PacBio HiFi, Hi-C, and ONT sequencing technologies. The genome assembly spans 2.49 Gb, with 96.87% of the sequence anchored onto 40 chromosomes. In this assembly, a total of 12 chromosomes were assembled to a gap-free level, with 8 of them reaching the telomere-to-telomere level. The completeness of this assembly was assessed at 99.50% by BUSCO, containing approximately 63.24% repetitive sequences, and predicted to encode 41,782 protein-coding genes. This is the first near-complete genome assembly of the S. trutta, providing an essential resource for molecular breeding and germplasm conservation of this important species.

In view of the phenomenon that adulterated lamb with other animal-derived meats in the market could not be quickly identified, this study used visible near-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods to quickly identify and quantify lamb rolls adulterated with chicken, duck, and pork. The spectra of the visible–near-infrared band (350–1000 nm) and near-infrared band (1000–1700 nm) of 360 lamb samples, which were mixed with chicken, duck, pork, and 10% lamb oil separately in different increasing proportions, were collected. It was found that the qualitative models of heterogeneous meat (adulterated with chicken, duck, and pork) in lamb were constructed by the combination of first derivative and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC); the accuracy of the validation set reached 100%; the meantime accuracy of the cross-validation set reached 100% (pure lamb), 98.3% (adulterated with chicken), 98.7% (adulterated with duck), and 97.3% (adulterated with pork). Furthermore, the correlation coefficient (R2c) of the adulterated chicken, pork, and duck quantitative prediction models reached 0.972 (chicken), 0.981 (pork), and 0.985 (duck). In summary, the use of Vis NIR can identify lamb meat mixed with chicken, duck, and pork and can quantitatively predict the content of adulterated meat.

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Since the rise of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in China, gene mutations have frequently occurred. To understand the current prevalence and evolution of PRRSV in Shandong Province, 1,528 samples suspected of PRRSV were collected from local pig farms of different sizes. The complete genome sequence of the PRRSV strain SDLY-27 was determined by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The genomic sequence of SDLY-27 was 15,363 nucleotides (nt) in length, comparative analysis of the whole genome sequence suggested that the homology between SDLY 27 and 81 PRRSV strains from China and other countries in genbank was 61.9 ~ 96.4%. This study is the first to detect recombinants from multiple recombination events among the Lineage 8 (JXA1-like strains), Lineage 5 (RespPRRSV-MLV and VR2332 strains) and Sublineage 1.5 (NADC34-like strains) in Shandong, China, and provides new data for the epidemiological study of PRRSV in China. This study enriches the epidemiological data on PRRSV in Shandong Province, China. It provides an important reference for the development of new vaccines and for the prevention and control of PRRSV in China.

Microsporidium Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei (EHP) spores were purified from the hepatopancreas of Penaeus vannamei infected with EHP by percoll density gradient centrifugation and differential centrifugation. The EHP spores contain a thick chitin wall and might not rupture using the routine DNA extraction protocol. In this study, three enzymes were used, including chitinase, proteinase K, and DNase I. Chitinase or proteinase K digestions caused weakened fluorescence of chitin showing by a blurred edge of EHP spores stained with calcofluor white under a fluorescence microscope. Different combinations of these enzymes followed by DNA extraction with phenol-chloroform from EHP spores showed significant increases in the copy number of the EHP SSU gene per spore. The combination of the chitinase and proteinase K treatments resulted 4.46 ± 1.07 copies/spore detected, which is 31.6 ± 20.7 folds of no treatment groups, accounting to (55.7 ± 13.4)% of the total copies of the gene in the spore. The additional treatment with chitinase to the conventional extraction protocol with a proteinase K digestion step for feces and hepatopancreas samples of P. vannamei resulted in a significant difference in EHP copies in the DNA of (83.8 ± 64.1)% and (55.3 ± 88.0)% increases. The study proved that chitinase and proteinase K treatment enhance the DNA extraction from microsporidian spores resulting in high yield.

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteric pathogen that causes substantial economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. The PDCoV NS6 protein is an accessory protein that plays a pivotal role in the viral life cycle and immune evasion. However, the functions of NS6 and its role in PDCoV pathogenesis remain largely unknown. In this study, we prepared a monoclonal antibody (mAb) 5-A11 that specifically recognizes the PDCoV NS6 protein. The mAb 5-A11 exhibited high specificity for PDCoV, with no cross-reactivity with several major porcine pathogenic viruses. Furthermore, the epitope recognized by mAb 5-A11 was precisely mapped to residues 70EYGSIYGKDFI80 of the NS6 protein using Western blot analysis. Notably, this epitope is highly conserved among different PDCoV isolates. Substantial variations were observed when comparing this epitope with the corresponding regions in the NS6 proteins of other δ coronaviruses, suggesting potential differences in the structure, function, and antigenicity of their NS6 proteins. Our findings provide valuable tools and insights for further elucidating the functions of the NS6 protein and its role in PDCoV pathogenesis, as well as for developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against PDCoV infection.

Backgroud: The tumor immune microenvironment influences the efficiency of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in high-grade glioma (HGG). This study investigated peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets as clinical indicators of therapeutic response and prognosis in pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG). Methods: This retrospective study included 77 patients with postoperative pHGG who were treated concurrently with temozolomide and external beam radiotherapy between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2018. The median follow-up was 26 (range: 5-106) months. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected before and after CCRT. The proportions of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and their association with treatment outcome and survival were determined. Results: Sixty-four (83.1%) patients achieved complete remission, partial remission, and stable disease, and 13 (16.9%) patients had progressive disease. Higher CD3 + T cell, CD4 + T cell, and CD8 + CD28 + T cell ratios were predictive of better response, while a higher CD8 + CD28 − T cell ratio was predictive of poorer response. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the CD8 + CD28 + T cell ratio was a significant independent predictor of CCRT response (odds ratio [OR] = 53.521, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.294-667.119, P = .002). Univariate and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors associated with survival showed that the CD8 + CD28 + T lymphocyte ratio was a significant independent predictor of progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.06-3.08, P = .03), but none of the subsets were significantly associated with overall survival. Conclusion: Peripheral blood T lymphocytes have potential as predictors of CCRT response and prognosis in pHGG. Keywords High-grade glioma , concurrent chemoradiotherapy , lymphocyte subsets , flow cytometry , prognosis

Lymphocyte receptors independently evolved in both jawed and jawless vertebrates with similar adaptive immune responses. However, the diversity of functional subtypes and molecular architecture in jawless vertebrate lymphocytes, comparable to jawed species, is not well defined. Here, we profile the gills, intestines, and blood of the lamprey, Lampetra morii, with single-cell RNA sequencing, using a full-length transcriptome as a reference. Our findings reveal higher tissue-specific heterogeneity among T-like cells in contrast to B-like cells. Notably, we identify a unique T-like cell subtype expressing a homolog of the nonlymphoid hematopoietic growth factor receptor, MPL-like (MPL-L). These MPL-L+ T-like cells exhibit features distinct from T cells of jawed vertebrates, particularly in their elevated expression of hematopoietic genes. We further discovered that MPL-L+ VLRA+ T-like cells are widely present in the typhlosole, gill, liver, kidney, and skin of lamprey and they proliferate in response to both a T cell mitogen and recombinant human thrombopoietin. These findings provide new insights into the adaptive immune response in jawless vertebrates, shedding new light on the evolution of adaptive immunity.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) serves as a crucial extracellular matrix protein, exerting pivotal roles in both physiological and pathological processes. This comprehensive review meticulously delineates the structural attributes of IGFBP7, juxtaposing them with other members within the IGFBP families, and delves into the expression patterns across various tissues. Furthermore, the review thoroughly examines the multifaceted functions of IGFBP7, encompassing its regulatory effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration, elucidating the underlying mechanistic pathways. Moreover, it underscores the compelling roles in tumor progression, acute kidney injury, and reproductive processes. By rigorously elucidating the diverse functionalities and regulatory networks of IGFBP7 across various physiological and pathological contexts, this review aims to furnish a robust theoretical framework and delineate future research trajectories for leveraging IGFBP7 in disease diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, and pharmaceutical innovations.

Viral diseases have become a significant impediment to the sustainable development of the global shrimp aquaculture industry. Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) is an emerging shrimp virus that has affected shrimp in China recent years. Rapid detection of DIV1 could improve enhance the effectiveness of prevention, control and treatment in the absence of good prevention and control measures. This study established loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) along with two visual interpretation methods, LAMP-dye and LAMP-LFD, to detect DIV1. The newly developed method would not cause cross-reactions with other shrimp pathogens such as white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (VpAHPND). The detection limit of DIV1 LAMP was as low as 103 copies of DIV1 per reaction, with a reaction time of less than 40 min. The diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity of this method were determined to be 88% and 100%, respectively, when compared with the conventional PCR. Both of the LAMP-dye and LAMP-LFD methods are cost-effective and do not require expensive amplification equipment. They can be combined with LAMP and other temperature amplification methods for rapid on-site detection, effectively prevent aerosol contamination, and which are convenient and suitable for field testing or preliminary infection rish prediction experiments to predict the risk of infection.