Saccharina japonica has been cultivated in China for almost a century. From Dalian to Fujian, the lowest and the highest seawater temperatures in the period of cultivation increased by 14℃ and 8℃, respectively. Its adaptation to elevated seawater temperature is an example of securing the natural habitats of a species. To decipher the mechanisms underlining S. japonica adaptation to relative high seawater temperature, we assembled 516.3 Mb female gametophyte genome and 540.3 Mb of the male, respectively. The gametophytes isolated from southern China kelp cultivars acclimated to the relative high seawater temperature by transforming amino acids, glycosylating protein, maintaining osmotic pressure, intensifying the innate immune system, and exhausting energy and reduction power through the PEP-pyruvate-oxaloacetate node and the iodine cycle. They adapted to the relative high seawater temperature by transforming amino acids, changing sugar metabolism and intensifying innate immune system. The sex of S. japonica was determined by HMG-sex, and around this male gametophyte determiner the stress tolerant genes become linked to or associated with.

The relatively simple vegetation of the Arctic tundra provides an ideal site in which to study the relationships between plants, bacterial communities and soil chemistry. Here, results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing of secondary Arctic brown soils collected from underneath colonies of Dryasoctopetala, Luzulaconfusa and Bistortavivipara in the Arctic tundra near Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, Norway, reveal significant differences in bacterial communities related to soil environmental properties. Redundancy analysis shows that all measured geochemical factors were significant in structuring microbiomes, with strong correlations related to soil pH and organic matter contents. Vegetation is likely to affect the physical and chemical properties of the soil, which in turn affects the bacterial community and composition of the soil. Citation:Ma Y, Wang N F, Wang S, et al. Effects of vegetation on the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities in the Arctic tundra. Adv Polar Sci, 2019, 30(2): 139-148, doi: 10.13679/j.advps.2018.0040

A cultured female half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) was crossed with a wild male, yielding the first filial generation of pseudo-testcrossing from which 200 fish were randomly selected to locate the Vibrio anguillarum resistance trait in half-smooth tongue sole at its microsatellite linkage map. In total, 129 microsatellites were arrayed into 18 linkage groups, ≥4 each. The map reconstructed was 852.85 cM in length with an average spacing of 7.68 cM, covering 72.07% of that expected (1 183.35 cM). The V. anguillarum resistance trait was a composite rather than a unit trait, which was tentatively partitioned into Survival time in Hours After V. anguillarum Infection (SHAVI) and Immunity of V. Anguillarum Infection (IVAI). Above a logarithm of the odds (LOD) threshold of 2.5, 18 loci relative to SHAVI and 3 relative to IVAI were identified. The 3 loci relative to IVAI explained 18.78%, 5.87% and 6.50% of the total phenotypic variation in immunity. The microsatellites bounding the 3 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of IVAI may in future aid to the selection of V. anguillarum-immune half-smooth tongue sole varieties, and facilitate cloning the gene(s) controlling such immunity.

Nannochloropsis oceanica promises to be an industrial-level producer of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this study, the fastest and slowest growing N. oceanica mutants were selected through N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutation, and two mutant strains and the wild type (WT) subjected to transcriptome profiling. It was found that the OD680 reads at stationary growth phase of both WT and its mutants were proportional to their cell density, thus indicating their division rate and growth speed during culture. This chemical mutation was effective for improving growth performance, and the fast strain divided faster by upregulating the expression of genes functioning in the cell cycle and downregulating genes involved in synthesis of amino acids, fatty acids, and sugars as well as the construction of ribosome and photosynthetic machinery. However, the relationship among the effected genes responsible for cell cycle, metabolism of fatty and amino acids, and construction of ribosome and photosynthetic machinery remained unclear. Further genetic studies are required for clarifying the genetic/metabolic networks underpinning the growth performance of N. oceanica. These findings demonstrated that this mutation strategy was effective for improving the growth performance of this species and explored a means of microalgal genetic improvement, particularly in species possessing a monoploid nucleus and asexual reproduction.

The Unceasing Song by Lu Qiao has beautiful narrative and wording.For half a century,it has influenced Chinese readers greatly.Its plot is romantic,wording classic,and full of youthful spirit.From youth's perspective,by describing the academic life,friendship and love of the teachers and students,it shows the diversified life of Southwest Union University in Anti-Japanese War era and their positive attitude towards life.Even today,with author's unique experience as a background,it is still the Bible of campus life literature.

贾平凹的长篇小说《高老庄》以自然、平实的风格揭示了现代文明与乡村文化传统的冲突,同时也表现了知识分子与故乡的复杂感情关系,小说充满作者对现实的失望和矛盾,语言平白略显琐碎,作品基调低沉并带有贾平凹一贯追求的神秘色彩.

WANG Meng's series of novels on seasons display his consistent character of language revelry,and the unique use of punctuations strengthen the power of words expression,which creates a paragon of perfect combination of punctuations with language.In these novels,on the one hand,punctuations appropriately help sentences expressing the meanings precisely,on the other hand,they also increase the three-dimension effect.Some chapters thus gain unexpected success because of the splendid application of punctuations,and they make the effect of reading aloud out of the silent words.Rather than saying that WANG's special novel subjects and language style determine the characteristics of the use of punctuations,it is better to say that those emphasizing punctuations come across with a writer who is good at producing strong colors and exaggerating effects with words.WANG has made the punctuations and words shining more brilliantly in the other's company.Punctuations here are not only the eye-catching symbols in the language form,but also the important carrier of content and emotion.

本文针对中国现当代小说中存在的几种爱情模式的分析,旨在揭示中国现当代文学中仍然存在两性关系的不和谐与不平等现象,并从历史、政治、改革开放等方面分析当代文学中爱情模式的演变.

苏雪林的两部自传体游记<岛居漫兴>和<崂山二日游>以其细腻的笔法,描述了三十年代青岛的风土人情和社会环境,作品语言丰富,华丽,表现出作者独特的生活情趣,同时也流露出苏雪林孤傲自赏的一面.

本文通过对王安忆长篇小说<长恨歌>的分析,指出王安忆小说创作中对上海昨日生活场景的独特理解,并且围绕小说主人公王琦瑶的性格和命运,探讨当代女作家创作中的角色转换以及历史与现实的对比.

王蒙是中国当代文坛极富创作个性的作家,他的文学语言呈现出激情幽默的鲜明特征.本文从作家的政治信仰、人生经历、个性特点等方面,来探求王蒙小说语言风格的形成.