[目的]分别利用辽宁省大连市癌症患者数据和芬兰肿瘤登记处的结肠癌患者数据,应用Pohar Perme法估算癌症患者净生存率,并与Ederer Ⅱ法进行比较,评价Pohar Perme法在估算癌症患者净生存率时的应用价值.[方法]介绍Pohar Perme法估算净生存率的概念、方法及原理.基于辽宁省大连市肿瘤登记处2015年诊断的癌症患者随访至2020年12月31日的数据信息,估算患者5年净生存率;基于芬兰肿瘤登记处1975-1980年诊断的结肠癌患者随访至1995年12月31日的数据信息,估算患者10年和15年净生存率.比较Pohar Perme法和Ederer Ⅱ法的结果,并绘制生存曲线.[结果]研究纳入辽宁省大连市肿瘤登记处癌症患者11 320例,芬兰肿瘤登记处癌症患者3 471例.Pohar Perme法和Ederer Ⅱ法估算大连市癌症患者总体5年净生存率分别为53.1％和54.1％,标准误均为0.5％o Pohar Perme法和Ederer Ⅱ法估算芬兰结肠癌患者10年净生存率分别为36.7％、36.5％,标准误分别为1.4％和12％;PoharPerme法和Ederer Ⅱ法估算芬兰结肠癌患者15年净生存率分别为37.0％和36.0％,标准误分别为2.6％和1.4％.净生存率曲线显示随访5年时,两种方法结果相近.[结论]Pohar Perme法在估算5年净生存率时与Ederer Ⅱ法结果极为接近.在估算长期净生存率(≥10年)时,Pohar Perme法的标准误比Ederer Ⅱ法大.

[目的]分析2015年大连市城区新发癌症病例采用两轮综合随访模式获得的随访结果.[方法]选取大连市肿瘤登记处2015年新发癌症患者为研究对象,由统一培训的工作人员分别于2018年1-5月和2021年1-6月期间开展两轮综合随访,以获取患者生存结局信息.综合随访模式采用被动随访和主动随访相结合的方法进行.描述并分析不同随访方式获得癌症患者死亡结局的比例.[结果]第一轮随访研究最终纳入患者11 626例,追踪到4 897例(42.12％)死亡患者;其中,通过死因监测系统追踪3 882例(33.39％)死亡患者,通过公安户籍补充追踪993例(8.54％)死亡患者,主动随访更新死亡信息22例(0.19％).第二轮随访最终纳入研究的患者为11 938例,合计追踪到死亡患者6 053例(50.70％);其中通过死因监测系统和公安户籍系统更新死亡6 041例(50.60％),主动随访补充死亡信息12例(0.10％).分癌种来看,随访结局为死亡的癌种比例最高的是肝癌(87.63％),最低的是甲状腺癌(2.20％).[结论]在大连采用被动随访与主动随访相结合的方式可精准获得癌症患者生存结局.通过人群肿瘤发病登记数据与公安户籍、死因监测、医保数据、医院诊疗记录匹配的被动随访方式可追踪到95％以上患者生存结局.随访结果将为进一步评估该地区癌症患者生存率、优化我国城市地区人群癌症随访模式提供科学参考.

目的:探讨热打击过程中褪黑素对人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡所起到的保护作用.方法:构建热打击模型时,首先在43℃的水浴锅中对人脐静脉内皮细胞进行时长为2 h的热打击,然后在37℃、5％CO2的培养箱中培养6 h;实验分为4组,分别为37℃组、37℃+褪黑素组、43℃组、43℃+褪黑素组,10μm褪黑素于热打击前先与细胞孵育.细胞活力通过CCK-8的方法测定;线粒体相关损伤及细胞凋亡通过流式细胞术测定;caspase-3/9的活性则通过Caspase活性试剂盒测定.结果:与37℃组比较,43℃组和43℃+褪黑素组细胞存活率、钙黄绿素荧光强度显著降低(P＜0.05),与43℃组比较,43℃+褪黑素组细胞存活率、钙黄绿素荧光强度显著增高(P＜0.05);与37℃组比较,43℃组和43℃+褪黑素组细胞凋亡率、线粒体JC-1单体占比、caspase3/9活性明显增加(P＜0.05).与43℃组比较,43℃+褪黑素组细胞凋亡率、线粒体JC-1单体占比、caspase3/9活性明显降低(P＜0.05).结论:褪黑素对被热打击的内皮细胞凋亡具有保护作用,其机制可能为通过抑制caspase-3/9介导线粒体途径,使内皮细胞的线粒体膜电位及线粒体渗透性转换孔稳定.

Objective To provide a basis for further optimizing the diagnosis and treatment strategies of severe and critical corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by investigating and analyzing the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the death cases. Methods The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 47 death cases obtained from Huoshenshan Hospital in Whuhan, Hubei Province were retrospectively analyzed. Results All the patients developed initial symptoms in Wuhan. The time from onset to admission was (12.60±5.60) days. Most of them were male (68.09%) with non-nosocomial infection (91.49%), advanced age (>60 years, 89.36%). Over half of the cases (51.06%) reported a history of contact with suspected or confirmed patients, and comorbidity of chronic diseases (70.21%). Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) occurred in 29 cases (61.70%) with heart failure (51.06%) and renal failure (36.17%). The main clinical symptoms included fever, fatigue, dyspnea and cough. At admission,most cases were severe (55.32%) or critical (42.55%), and the in-hospital survival was longer for the severe than for the critical (P=0.02). 76.59% of the patients received invasive mechanical ventilation, and they had a longer in-hospital survival than those with non-invasive mechanical ventilation (P<0.05). Conclusions This group of cases occurred during the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, characterized by male, elder and history of chronic diseases. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19 was responsible for patients' death, and MODS manifestated by heart and kidney failure also implicated in the process. Disease severity and invasive mechanical ventilation were related to in-hospital survival. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2020.05.02

为了评价人乳头状瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)恒温DNA扩增检测技术用于高危型HPV检测和宫颈癌早期及癌前病变筛查的准确性和可行性.本研究于2016年6月至8月,在我国内蒙古地区招募2 774例30～64岁有性生活史的妇女进行宫颈癌筛查;采用薄层液基细胞学技术完成细胞学诊断.采用恒温DNA扩增HPV检测技术(Isomega)和第二代杂交捕获技术(Hybrid Capture 2,HC2)平行检测宫颈标本;对于Isomega检测为HPV16/HPV18阳性的标本和两种方法检测不一致的标本,使用线性探针法(INNO-LiPA)进行分型验证.以病理诊断为金标准,评价Isomega用于筛查宫颈上皮内瘤变(Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia,CIN)2级及以上患者的灵敏度和特异度.结果表明,Isomega与HC2检测高危型HPV的总一致率为92.72％ (Kappa=0.74),阳性一致率为86.78％,阴性一致率为93.77％;以INNO-LiPA分型结果为标准,Isomega检出HPV16和HPV18的准确率分别为96.97％和86.11％.以病理诊断为金标准,Isomega筛查CIN2+的灵敏度和特异度分别为87.76％和82.94％.Isomega能准确检测HPV16、HPV18和其他高危型别HPV,有较高的筛查灵敏度和特异度.

Objective: Pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxyflavanone) is one of the primary flavonoids in propolis with various biological activities. We found that pinocembrin increased cerebral blood flow and improved the outcome after focal or global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. In the present study, the vasorelaxant effect of pinocembrin on the rat basilar artery and its potential mechanisms were studied. Methods: Endothelium-intact and -denuded basilar artery rings were prepared from SD rats, and then stimulated with KCl, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and endothelin-1 (ET-1). The tension of the basilar artery rings was measured through an isometric force transducer. Results: Pinocembrin induced vasorelaxation in a dose-dependent manner in endothelium-intact rings contracted by KCl, 5-HT, and ET-1. However, partial loss of the vasorelaxation induced by pinocembrin was observed in endothelium-denuded rings contracted by KCl. The vasorelaxant effect of pinocembrin was significantly reduced by pre-incubation with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), the guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. In addition, the pinocembrin-induced relaxations were remarkably attenuated by the voltage-dependent K + channel blocker 4-aminopyridine, the ATP-sensitive K + channel blocker glibenclamide and the Ca 2+ -activated K + channel blocker tetraethylammonium. Moreover, pre-incubation with pinocembrin dramatically suppressed the high K + -induced extracellular Ca 2+ influx and ET-1-induced intracellular Ca 2+ release in endothelium-denuded rings. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that pinocembrin has a vasorelaxant effect in isolated rat basilar artery rings. It may exert its effects by an endothelium-dependent pathway involving NO-cGMP, and also through an endothelium-independent pathway, opening K + channels and blockade of Ca 2+ channels.

Objective To explore the protective effect of propofol on endothelial cells during heat stress and its protective effect to mitochondra. Methods Heat stress model of human umbilical vein endothelial cell was established when cells were incubated at 43℃ for 2h, then further incubted at 37℃, 5%CO2 for 6h. The experimental group was subdivided into six groups, including 37℃ group, 37℃ plus intralipid group (negative control group), 37℃ plus propofol group, 43℃ plus propofol group, 43℃ plus intralipid group, H2O2 plus propofol group (positive control group); Pretreated with 50μmol/L propofol, 0.2ml intralipid or 25μmol/L H2O2 before heat stress at 43℃, while the cells in the control group were incubated at 37℃. Cell viability was tested by CCK-8. ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential and the changes in mitochondrial permeability transition pore were determined by flow cytometry. The level of ATP was detected by fluorescein-luciferase. The changes of caspase-9 and caspase-3 were analyzed by Caspase Activity Assay Kit. Results HUVESs cell viability and damage of mitochondra were significantly decreased after heat stress. Compared with 43℃ heat stress group, pretreatment with propofol induced the recovery of cell viability and the ROS levels were significantly decreased in HUVEC cells (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the number of cells representing the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (the proportion of JC-1 monomer) was significantly decreased (P<0.05) by propofol. The average fluorescence intensity of calcein which representing the MPTP changes and intracellular ATP content was significantly increased (P<0.05). In addition, the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway mediated by caspase-9/3 was also inhibited. Conclusions Propofol have anti-oxidative, anti-apoptosis and mitochondria protective effect against endothelial cell injury during heat stress.

Objective To investigate the changes of SOD、ROS and MDA in the serum and the effect of propofol on the above indexes in or-der to explore the protection effect of propofol on oxidative damage in miace induced by heat stress. Methods BALB / c mice were randomly divid-ed into a control and a heat stress group (42℃),the former placed at a temperature of (25. 0 ± 0. 5)℃ and a relative humidity of (35 ± 5)% and the latter in a simulated incubator at (35. 5 ± 0. 5)℃ and a relative humidity of (60 ± 5)% . When the rectal temperature reached 42℃,the ani-mals were removed from the incubator and cooled at an ambient temperature of (25. 0 ± 0. 5)℃ and a humidity of (35 ± 5)% for 0 ,3,6 and 12 h (n = 3). Measurement of the SOD,ROS and MDA levels in the serum were tested by ELISA. Results Compared with those in the control group,the concentrations of SOD were dramatically decreased at 3h and the value of the temperature reached the lowest at 12 h after rewarming;while the levels of serum ROS and MDA were increased markedly at 3h and the value of the temperature reached the highest at 12 h after rewarming (P < 0. 05). The concentrations of SOD and the expression of MDA,ROS in the serum of mice with heat stress showed significant negative corre-lation. Compared with the heat stress group,propofol can significantly up-regulate the expression of SOD,reduce the level of ROS and MDA in the serum of heat stress mice,the differences were statistically significant (P < 0. 05). Conclusion Propofol might via up-regulate the expres-sion of SOD and reduce the level of ROS and MDA in the serum of heat stress mice to promote the dynamic balance recovery of oxidation and anti-oxidation system. Thus,propofol has a role of anti-oxidative damage during heat stress.

Objective To observe the oxidative stress, integrity of lysosome and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells 6 (IEC-6) after heat stress, and explore the pathogenesis of intestinal damage caused by heat stress.Methods In the heat stress groups,the cells were incubated at 43℃ for 1 hour, then, further incubated at 37℃ and 5% CO2 for 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 hours respectively; in the medicine intervention group, the cells were pretreated with the medicine 1h before heat stress; while in control group, the cells were incubated at 37℃ and 5% CO2. The amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assayed with 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) and dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. The stability of lysosome membrane was checked by AO staining. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using annexinⅤ-FITC/PI staining, CCK-8 assay was used to assess cellular viability.Results Compared with control group, cell viability decreased and apoptosis increased at 1 h after heat stress, which was the most obvious at 12h after rewarming (P<0.05). While ROS and pale cells increased immediately after heat stress and the increase become the most obvious (P<0.05). The cell viability in E-64 pretreatment group was significantly improved such as apoptosis reduction, compared with heat stress group (P<0.05).Conclusion Heat stress could induce robust increase of ROS, which mediates lysosome damage and results in cell apoptosis, thus suggesting that ROS-lysosome pathway may play an important role in intestinal injury in heat stress.

Objective To observe the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on severe heatstroke-induced intestinal mucosal barrier function. Methods The SPF male BALB/c mice are randomly divided into control group that in which the mice were not exposed to heat stress 42℃ heat-stress group. lower-dose UTI group (5000U/kg) and higher-dose UTI group (10 000U/kg) before 42℃ heat stress. The morphological change of the small intestinal pathological tissue, the rate of intestinal bacterial translocation, and inflammatory cytokines level, diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and D-lactic acid concentration in plasma were observed. Survival curve was described by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test. Results Compare to control group, the UTI treatment significantly alleviated villous edema, necrosis and of intestinal mucosa, infiltration of inflammatory cells was significantly reduced and the bacterial translocation, DAO activity and D-lactic acid concentration were also obviously decreased, especially in higher-dose group. There were statistically significant differences between treatment and control groups (P<0.05). Conclusion UTI has a protective effect against the damage of intestinal mucosal during the early stage of severe heatstroke. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2016.12.17

Objective: To study the mechanism of Huogu Iota Formula ((sic) Iota (sic)) in treating osteonecrosis of femoral head. Methods: Forty-eight healthy female Leghorn chickens were randomly divided into control group, model group and Huogu Iota group, and each group consisted of 16 chickens. At the meantime of model establishment, chickens of the Huogu Iota group were administrated with decoction, while the model and control group with distilled water by gavage. At the 8th and 16th week after medication, blood samples were obtained for blood lipid detection while both sides of femoral head were harvested for the rest of examinations. Specifically, expressions of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF beta(1)), Smad4 and Smad7 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, while expression of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (OPG/RANKL) mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization. Results: Compared with the control group, serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the model group rose significantly. Positive cell counting of BMP2, TGF beta(1), Smad4 and OPG in femoral head of the model group dropped prominently. Positive cell counting of Smad7 and RANKL increased dramatically. In contrast with the model group, levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in Huogu Iota group reduced significantly. Positive cell counting of BMP2, TGF beta(1), Smad4 and OPG in femoral head of the Huogu Iota group increased prominently. Indices of Smad7 and RANKL both decreased significantly. Especially at the 8th week, these variations were more significant. Conclusion: Huogu Iota Formula is effective in promoting repair of necrotic femoral head by regulating the expressions of BMP2, TGF beta(1), Smads and OPG/RANKL of osteoclast in femoral head.

The title compound, C32H28N6O4&#183;2C2H5OH, consists of two 2-(propylamino)benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one units connected, via one of the pyrimidine N atoms, to a bridging benzene ring in the 1,4 positions. Two ethanol solvent molecules are also present. The main molecule lies on a center of symmetry located at the center of the benzene ring. The fused-ring system of the benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine moiety is nearly planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.016&#8197;&#197;) and forms a dihedral angle of 78.21&#8197;(7)&#176; with the central benzene ring. The crystal structure features O&#8212;H...O and N&#8212;H...O interactions. The C atoms of the propylamino side chain in the main molecule and the ethyl group in the solvent molecule are disordered over two positions, with site-occupancy factors 0.34:0.66 and 0.42:0.58, respectively.

目的 了解新疆维吾尔族女性人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染及宫颈癌的发病状况,为新疆宫颈癌预防和筛查提供数据.方法 于2006年采用整群抽样方法选择新疆于田县有性生活、16～59岁维吾尔族女性,按年龄分层入组,依次行宫颈液基细胞学检查和HPV检测.意义不明的不典型鳞状细胞(ASCUS)以上或HPV阳性者行阴道镜检查及必要的宫颈活检.结果 新疆维吾尔族妇女高危型、低危型和总体HPV感染率分别为7.25%、1.59%和8.27%.CIN Ⅱ级以上病变和宫颈癌现患率分别为1.93%和0.23%.高危型HPV在细胞学ASCUS、鳞状上皮内低度病变(LSIL)和鳞状上皮内高度病变(HSIL)中的比例分别为13.46%、64.71%和90.00%;高危型HPV在CIN Ⅰ、CIN Ⅱ、CIN Ⅲ和ICC的比例分别为66.67%、83.33%、100.00%和100.00%.HPV感染率随宫颈病变级别增加有增高趋势,但在CIN Ⅱ级以上病变中无统计学差异.结论 新疆维吾尔族女性HPV感染率低于我国汉族女性,但宫颈癌现患率高于我国城市汉族女性,低于一些农村汉族女性.新疆维吾尔族女性HPV感染率在不同级别宫颈上皮内瘤变中的分布趋势与中国其他地区相似,但同时具有自身民族特征.

目的 了解新疆维吾尔族女性HPV感染及其分布特征,为今后宫颈癌防治提供策略.方法 采用横断面研究,于2006年在新疆于田县以整群抽样的方法选择年龄16～59岁、有性生活的维吾尔族女性约1000人行宫颈癌危险因素问卷调查和宫颈脱落细胞HPV DNA检测.所有女性均按年龄分层人组,先由调查员进行一对一的问卷调查,后由医师进行宫颈脱落细胞采样.将收集到的样本采用第2代杂交捕获(hc 2)试验进行HPV DNA检测.样本中检出的HPV DNA≥1.0 pg/mL即为感染阳性.结果 共纳入883名新疆维吾尔族女性,平均年龄为36.26±10.10岁.其高危型HPV和低危型HPV感染率分别为7.25%和1.59%,总体HPV感染率为8.27%,明显低于中国汉族女性(16.1%).HPV感染率在有2个以上性伴侣的女性中明显较高(χ2=5.254,P=0.022),但是在以下人群中无统计学差异:不同的年龄、教育和收入水平、初次性生活年龄及丈夫婚前、婚后有或无其他性伴侣.结论 新疆维吾尔族女性HPV感染率明显低于中国汉族女性.其HPV感染可能与种族有一定关系,并受到性行为因素的影响.