畜禽除臭方法有多种,植物提取物作为添加剂应用是一种环保、经济、高效的畜禽除臭方法,其在畜牧业生产中较微生物菌剂等其他除臭方法应用少且除臭作用机理有待进一步深入研究.基于此,本文对植物提取物在畜禽生产中的除臭应用和除臭作用机理进行了系统梳理和分析,希望为畜牧行业相关生产人员和研究人员提供一些参考,助力于畜牧行业健康、持续、和谐发展.

微生物谷氨酰胺转氨酶(MTGase)是一种通过异肽键来催化蛋白质或多肽链之间的酰基发生转移反应的重要酶制剂,在食品、生物医药、化妆品、纺织等领域有着广泛的应用前景.该文综述了MTGase的国内外研究现状,MTGase基因、MTGase工程菌株的构建和表达,以及MTGase的分子改造技术研究进展,并对生物工程技术应用于MTGase的产品生产进行了展望,为高效和低成本MT-Gase的产品开发及应用提供新的思路和方法.

试验旨在探讨不同日粮添加组合蛋白酶对育肥猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和氮利用率的影响.选取120头体重约60 kg"杜×长×大"三元猪,按照公母各半的原则随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头猪.各组猪分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型、玉米-杂粕型和小麦-杂粕型日粮.每组2个重复设为对照,不添加组合蛋白酶;2个重复设为试验,添加0.1％的组合蛋白酶.试验期40 d.结果 显示,与对照猪相比,饲喂添加组合蛋白酶不同日粮的试验猪的末重和平均日增重极显著增加(P＜0.01);平均日采食量增加,料重比降低,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).添加组合蛋白酶日粮的试验猪对干物质、有机物、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维的表观消化率极显著提高(P＜0.01),氮摄入量显著提高(P＜0.05),粪便和尿中氮排放量极显著降低(P＜0.01),氮利用量和氮利用率极显著提高(P＜0.01).玉米-豆粕型日粮的试验猪平均日增重显著低于玉米-杂粕型和小麦-杂粕型日粮(P＜0.05).研究表明,饲喂添加组合蛋白酶的不同的日粮可以提高育肥猪的生长性能,提高饲料中的营养物质表观消化率,降低粪尿中氮的排放量.

试验利用高效液相法(HPLC)从发酵制品中筛选高产D-苯乳酸的LB2366,对其进行系统发育分析、菌落形态观察及生理生化试验研究,确定菌株LB2366为短乳杆菌.试验通过正交试验研究菌株LB2366产D-苯乳酸的发酵条件,确定4个因素的主次关系为:葡萄糖浓度＞酵母粉浓度＞苯丙氨酸浓度＞培养时间.最佳反应条件为葡萄糖15 g/L、酵母粉5 g/L、苯丙氨酸浓度20 g/L、培养时间72 h.经过发酵培养,得到最高D-苯乳酸产量为194.27mg/L.研究表明,优化后的D-苯乳酸产量比优化前的76.16mg/L提高1.55倍.

试验旨在研究日粮中添加杂交构树饲料对肉兔生长性能、血清生化指标和健康状况的影响.选择30日龄断奶新西兰肉兔160只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只.对照组为基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加10％、20％、30％的杂交构树饲料替代等量的花生秧粉和花生壳粉,试验期60d.结果 显示:与对照组相比,杂交构树饲料显著提高了肉兔平均日增重(P＜0.05),对平均日采食量无显著影响(P＞0.05);血清中总蛋白含量显著提高(P＜0.05),白蛋白和球蛋白含量无显著影响(P＞0.05);血清中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著提高(P＜0.05),添加20％和30％构树饲料时,血清中免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著提高(P＜0.05),添加30％杂交构树饲料血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量显著提高(P＜0.05);显著降低肉兔发病率和死亡率(P＜0.05),显著提高了肉兔育成率(P＜0.05).结果 表明,杂交构树饲料可以改善肉兔的生长性能,改善血清生化指标和肉兔的健康状况.

营养成分丰富、具有多功能功效的构树资源,作为一种极具开发潜力的非常规蛋白饲料原料成为近年来的研究热点.随着抗生素饲料的禁止使用,发酵构树饲料作为一种可替代抗生素饲料的新产品应运而生,因此对构树饲料的发酵制作方法进行研究具有重要现实意义.本文对构树作为饲料原料的发酵制作方法进行了研究综述,并对构树的多营养成分及其他功能应用进行了分析,以期对我国饲料产业健康持续发展和构树扶贫工程提供一些理论支持.

试验旨在研究乳酸菌发酵液体饲料对仔猪生长性能、粪样菌群和血液生化指标的影响.选用体重相近的150头体重20 kg左右的三元杂交仔猪,对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础日粮,试验组(Ⅱ组)饲喂含抗生素的基础饲料日粮,试验组(Ⅲ组)饲喂乳酸菌液体发酵饲料.结果表明,与对照组相比,饲喂乳酸菌发酵液体饲料仔猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量明显增加(P<0.05),显著降低了仔猪的发病率(P<0.05);鲜粪中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量显著降低,乳酸菌的数量显著增加(P<0.05);显著提高了血液中总蛋白、白蛋白、免疫球蛋白G、葡萄糖的含量(P<0.05),显著降低了血液中尿素氮的含量(P<0.05).

试验选择断奶分窝的新西兰肉兔幼兔1 000只,随机分为对照组和试验组各500只,采用由使君子、常山、仙鹤草、陈皮、白头翁、板蓝根、大青叶、金银花、黄芪、当归和甘草11种中草药组成的复方中药制剂与地克珠利进行对比试验.结果 表明,复方中药制剂可使幼兔平均末重和平均日增重分别增加8.05％、9.94％(P＜0.05);日均耗料量和料重比分别降低0.75％、10.52％(P＞0.05);幼兔干物质、总能、粗蛋白质的表观消化率分别提高5.73％、5.00％、6.71％(P＜0.05),粗纤维的表观消化率提高5.75％(P＞0.05);幼兔血清中球蛋白、免疫球蛋白G分别提高19.53％、44.71％(P＜0.05),免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白M分别提高22.03％、17.78％(P＞0.05);幼兔球虫发病率降低70.79％(P＜0.05),死亡数降低72.73％(P＜0.05),成活率提高8.99％(P＜0.05).

为了提高蜡样芽孢杆菌CP-1菌株对Cr(VI)的还原效果,采用单因素和正交试验,通过摇瓶发酵培养,对影响蜡样芽孢杆菌CP-1菌株还原Cr(VI)的发酵培养基成分和培养条件进行了优化,并研究了最佳发酵条件下的蜡样芽孢杆菌CP-1对Cr(VI)的还原效果.结果表明,蜡样芽孢杆菌CP-1菌株还原Cr(VI)的最佳培养基组成为:1％甘露醇,3％的大豆蛋白胨,0.05％KCl,0.1％CuSO4,在此基础上的最佳培养条件为:pH7.0、6％接种量、45℃培养3 d,在此条件下,Cr(VI)初始浓度为100 mg·L-1时,对Cr(VI)的还原率达99.75％.在Cr(VI)污染的土壤中添加蜡样芽孢杆菌CP-190 d后,土壤中的Cr(VI)含量降低55.15％左右.

制备抗沙门氏菌O8因子单克隆抗体,建立C2、C3亚群沙门氏菌酶联免疫吸附分析检测方法.用加热灭活的纽波特沙门氏菌免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过细胞融合建立分泌抗体的杂交瘤细胞株.用ELISA法检测及鉴定单克隆抗体,酶联免疫吸附分析法初步判断抗体应用于检测试剂的可能性.得到4株与沙门氏菌C2、C3亚群菌株发生反应的单克隆抗体细胞株,分别命名为6F2、7A2、8D8和8D9;4株抗体与肠道正常细菌和常见的致病细菌无交叉反应;单克隆抗体免疫球蛋白类型分别为小鼠IgG1、IgG3、IgG2b、IgM,轻链均为kappa;用单克隆抗体7A2和8D8研制的酶联免疫吸附分析试剂盒,对沙门氏菌C2亚群的纽波特沙门氏菌、波那雷恩沙门氏菌和C3亚群的肯塔基沙门氏菌的最低检出值均可达到105 cfu/mL.获得的单克隆抗体具有较高的特异性,有可能应用于生产检测C2和C3亚群沙门氏菌的酶联免疫吸附分析试剂盒.

制备抗沙门氏菌O4抗原单克隆抗体并鉴定其特性.用加热灭活的乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过细胞融合方法建立分泌抗体的杂交瘤细胞株.用包被沙门氏菌全菌和纯化的乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌LPS的间接ELISA法筛选杂交瘤细胞和鉴定抗体.其中3株杂交瘤细胞分泌的抗体初步判断为针对O4抗原的抗体,分别命名为1E12、2D5和4C2,这3株抗体与肠道正常细菌及常见的致病性细菌无交叉反应;单克隆抗体的免疫球蛋白类型分别为IgG1κ和IgMκ.获得的单克隆抗体具有较高的特异性,有可能用于B群沙门氏菌免疫学检测方法的建立.

A rapid test on procalcitonin,a new inflammatory marker,was researched by colloidal gold immunochromatography assay during priliminary experimental period.Sandwich method was adopted in the assay.Its test line was coated with lab homemade PCT-F12 McAb,and its control line was lab homemade rabbit anti-mice IgG.Its colloidal gold pad was coated with lab homemade colloidal gold of labeled PCT-D7 McAb complex.The results were judged by the color reaction in the strips.And 52 clinical serum samples were tested by immunochromatography assay and immunochemiluminometric assay.The overall coincidence rate between two assays was 95％.The reference sensibility of the procalcitonin strip which established tentatively was 0.05 ng/mL.Both of the precision and the stability were good.

BALB/c mice were immunized with artificial immunogen SAL-BSA. Three hybridoma lines secreting antibody against salbutamol were established by the cell fusion technology. The biological characteristics of momoclonal antibodies were identified. The rusults showed that the 50% inhibitiong concentrition of free SAL for these monoclonal antibodies were 1.41,5.53 and 9.62 ng/mL respectively. The cross reaction rate of 2F7 with clenbuterol, mabuterol,terbutaline were 217%,128%and 70.5%respectively. It was not found that the cross-reaction of 2F7 with ractopamine,epinephrine,norepinephrine,and cimaterol. The antibodies from the three hybridoma lines were mouse IgG1. The sensibility of colloidal gold immune chromatography strip were prepared by mAb 2F7 was 3 ng/mL for SAL standrand. Therefore,the mAb 2F7 might be used to establish the immunology detection mothed for SAL residual.

沙丁胺醇药物是一种人工合成的β肾上腺素能受体激动剂（又称β受体兴奋剂）。因其具有营养再分配作用，在食品安全、体育运动等方面存在药物滥用问题，从而引起药物残留，进而对人体健康造成严重危害。基于对沙丁胺醇药物残留检测的需要，其检测方法就显得至关重要。本文回顾了近三十多年沙丁胺醇药物残留检测方法的研究使用情况，并根据不同检测方法分为光谱法、色谱法、质谱法、色-质联用法、免疫分析法、生物传感器及其他分析法共七种类型进行叙述说明，以期对研究沙丁胺醇及新型或其他β兴奋剂的相关部门及研究人员有所借鉴。

目的 建立人尿液中铅含量的目视比色快速测定方法.方法 在表面活性剂增溶作用下,尿液中的铅离子在酸性介质中与硫氰酸盐和甲基紫形成三元离子缔合物,该胶束增溶体系随三元缔合物胶束的浓度不同而显示不同的颜色,以目视比色法进行半定量分析.结果 硫氰酸钠、硫酸、甲基紫、OP乳化剂的浓度分别为1.50～2.50 mol/L、0.04～0.45 mol/L、0.5～30.0 mmol/L、12.4～18.5 mmol/L时显色效果最理想.以胶束增溶法测定120份尿液样本,同时与双硫腙比色法(SP法)测定结果比较,两种结果的符合率为99.17％.结论 该方法操作简便快速,结果准确直观,可用于人尿液铅含量的半定量快速测定,适用于铅污染人群的普查.

A method for the determination of serum uric acid by uric acid enzyme coupling method was established. Uric acid enzyme coupling method was applied for detecting serum uric acid(UA)concentrations according to the absorbance changes,and the results were analysed comparing with the standard controls. The intra-assay CV were 0.87%,the inter-assay CV were 1.24%,the linear ranges were up to 1190μmol/L. Comparison with other similar reagentsγ=0.996 0. This method is simple,accurate and wide linear range,reagent stability and low prices. It can be used to detect clinical samples.

In this paper,the influence of several single factors on the Cordyceps militaris mycelia cordycepin and exo?polysaccharides in liquid cultures were studied,It was found that the media constitutes have a excellent effect on the yield of C.militaris mycelia cordycepin and exo?polysaccharides,and the maize meal、soybean meal and the 6%-8%corn steep liquor powder(CSL,dry)were better than others;The Vitamin B1 concentration 10 mg/100 mL were suited,and 0.01%MnSO4 was helpful for C.militaris mycelia cordycepin and exo?polysaccharides secretion;Meanwhile, the media optimal pH value 5.5,the cultural temperature 22-24℃,and 1%inoculum proportion,50 mL liquid media per 250 mL flask for 5-7days culture were suitable for C.militaris mycelia cordycepin and exo?polysaccharides production.

A new sodium nitrite oxidation method for measuring serum total bilirubin was establised. Sodium nitrite oxidation method was applied for detecting serum total bilirubin(TBIL)concentrations according to the absorbance changes,and the results were analysed,compared with the standard controls. The intra-assay CV were 1.38%. The interassay CV were 1.74%. The linear ranges were up to 792μmol/L. The sodium nitrite method was well correlated with Vanadate method and Diazo method. It can be used in routine detections of serum total TBIL.

A method was established for the quantitative determination of bioactive components,adenosine and cordycepin,in culture medium of Cordyceps militaris by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The separation was performed on Eclipse XDB-C18 column,The mobile phase was 0.02 mol/L phosphate buffer solution-methanol(volume ratio 85∶15). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,and the detection wavelength was 260 nm. The linear measurement range of adenosine was 0.5~100μg/mL(R=0.999 9);its average recovery was 105.3%;its standard RSD=0.76%(n=5);and its sample RSD=1.87%(n=5). The linear measurement range of cordycepin was 0.5~100 μg/mL(R=0.999 9);its average recovery was 104.0%;its standard RSD=0.95%(n=5);and its sample RSD=1.23%(n=5). The method has the characteristics with a wide linear range,a good degree of separation and a good precision. It can be used for quantitative analysis of adenosine and cordycepin in different culture medium for artificial Cordyceps militaris.

ulfonylurea herbicides are some sort of herbicides widely applied.This paper reviews that traditional pretreatment methods and novel pretreatment ones regarding to sulfonylurea herbicides residues.The detection technologies are introduced that concerning of continuity fluid membrane extraction technology,of on-line soil column extraction,etc.This paper also concludes prospects of sulfonylurea herbicides application and its developmental trend.