To characterize atmospheric dissolvable iron over the Southern Ocean (SO) and coastal East Antarctica (CEA), bulk and size-segregated (0.056-18 mu m in diameter) aerosols were collected from 34 degrees S, 109 degrees E to 69 degrees S, 76 degrees E and between 69 degrees S, 76 degrees E and 66 degrees S, 110 degrees E during a cruise during November 2010 to March 2011. Aerosols were analyzed for total dissolvable Fe and Fe(II) by UV/Visible spectroscopy and total Fe by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The average concentrations of total Fe were 19ngm(-3) (range: 10-38ngm(-3)) over the SO and 26ngm(-3) (range: 14-56ngm(-3)) in CEA. The average Fe(II) concentrations were 0.22ngm(-3) (range: 0.13-0.33ngm(-3)) over the SO and 0.53ngm(-3) (range: 0.18-1.3ngm(-3)) over CEA; the total dissolvable Fe followed the same trend. Over the SO, a single-peak size distribution of Fe(II) existed. Over CEA, a bimodal size distribution of Fe(II) appeared, with the first peak at 0.32-0.56 mu m and the second peak at 5.6-10 mu m. Higher Fe concentrations over CEA than over the SO and the existence of coarse mode Fe(II) over CEA suggest potential dust sources in Antarctica. The fractional Fe(II) solubility ranged from 0.58% to 6.5% and decreased with total Fe concentration increase. The estimated atmospheric fluxes of Fe(II) were 0.007-0.092mgm(-2)yr(-1) over the SO and 0.022-0.21mgm(-2)yr(-1) in CEA. Total dissolvable Fe fluxes were 0.007-0.52mgm(-2)yr(-1) over the SO. The atmospheric dissolvable Fe input contributes to the dissolved Fe pool in the SO surface waters.

The use and management method of snow melt agents in Shenyang in winter were introduced.The measures for controlling the quality of snow melt agents and the environmental impact were put forward.

The ionic compositions of aerosol samples collected during the 26th Chinese National Antarctic Re-search Expedition were analyzed and the sources of ions were distinguished. Cl - Na + , SO 4 2- , NO 3 - , and Mg 2+ were the most abundant ionic components in the marine aerosols. Cl - and Na + contributed over 70% in thetotal ionic composition, indicating the sea salt is still the primary composition in marine aerosols, followed bythe sulfate as the secondary ionic component existed as NH 4 NO 3 , NH 4 HSO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . The maximal seasalt concentrations were found at around 40°S and could be attributed to greater winds. The concentrations ofmethane sulfonic acid (MSA) appeared increasing trend from the low to high latitudes, possibly caused by lowertemperature in air and higher marine biological processes in the marginal waters in Antarctica. The correlationand factor analyzes were used to investigate possible sources of these ions. Cl - Br - Na + , K + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ had predominantly marine sources; while F - NO 3 - and NH 4 + had mostly anthropogenic sources; MSA had marinebiogenic sources. The concentrations of SO 4 2- were inflenced by both marine and anthropogenic sources.

To better stimulate the dry deposition velocity of aerosol particles to sea surface,wave effects were introduced to the improved Williams' model with parameterization of GW03 sea surface roughness on wave development.In this study the aerosol particle dry deposition velocity and total suspended particles(TSP) dry deposition flux were calculated over the Taiwan Strait using a newly improved model with satellite data,reanalysis data and ship-base measurement data from 2006 to 2007.The results showed obvious spatio-temporal variation with aerosol particle dry deposition velocity ranging from 5.83 cm/s to 6.17 cm/s and mean value of 6.00 cm/s,showing a clear seasonal pattern with a winter maximum(about 6.08 cm/s) and summer minimum(about 5.85 cm/s).TSP dry deposition flux had similar seasonal variation,ranged from a maximum 7.31μg/(m2·s)in winter to a minimum 2.23μg/(m2·s)in summer.Spatially,there was an aerosol particle dry deposition high spot on the Fouzhou-Xinzhu sea area.TSP dry deposition flux had two high spots and one low spot,in the north of Taiwan Strait,Shantou-Xiamen sea area and north of South China Sea,respectively.

Dust storms have significant effects on the air quality of cities they pass through.Most studies of dust storms in China have focused on their impact on cities in the north.However,it is generally believed that dust storms can influence cities as far south as Nanjing and Wuhan,and that the concentrations of pollutants such as SO2,NO2 and O3 will decrease due to the gale brought by dust storms,while the level of particles will increase.Nevertheless,studies focusing on the impact of dust storms on southern cities such as Zhuhai and Xiamen have been quite limited.A severe dust storm originated from Inner Mongolia during 27～29 May,2008 and reached Xiamen on 30,May.As measured by sampling site-H the wind speed increased to 12.6 m/s,and the concentration of CO,NO2 and NO decreased rapidly on 31,May,but returned to normal on 1,June.Conversely,no variations in PM10 and SO2 were observed on 31,May,but an increase was observed on 1 and 2,June.The concentrations of PM10 and SO2 exhibited a good correlation during the two days(R2=0.65),suggesting that the dust storm not only caused an increase in PM10,but also in SO2.This is the first reported case of a dust storm induced SO2 increase in cities in south China.Although many studies have been conducted to evaluate the distribution and transportation of SO2,additional studies to evaluate the mechanism of the transportation of SO2 by dust storms are needed.

79 marine aerosol samples over the Taiwan Strait were collected using high volume aerosol sampler during 2006 and 2007.All the samples were analyzed for Cu,Pb,Cd,V,Zn,Fe,Al using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.The results showed that the contents appeared to be characteristics of seasonal variation,as for most of metal elements,its contents were the highest in summer,and the lowest in winter.The contents varied with the features of meteorological element and so on.The sources of atmospheric trace metals were distinguished from enrichment factor,correlation analysis and factor analysis,it showed that Cu,Pb,Cd,V came mostly from anthropogenic sources,and Al,Fe,Zn mostly from crustal sources.The atmospheric input and river input of trace metals to Taiwan Strait were compared and analyzed.It showed that the atmospheric inputs of Cu and Zn were lower than the Jiulongjiang River and Minjiang River inputs,and the atmospheric inputs of Pb and Cd were higher than the river input.

A new underway Wind-controlled High Volume Marine Aerosol Sampling System is developed In the study of the Marine Aerosol survey and research ofchina offshore comprehensive research and estimate.This system is composed of the wind direction and speed controller,high-capacity sampler,automatic controller,resistant to wind,rain-proof and corrosion-proof box.After the marine environmental operation for two years(four seasons),it shows that this system has a high volume sampling marine air which can satisfy the checking requirement of the microcomponent of the marine aerosol;the control system of wind direction and speed can effectively prevent aerosol sample from ship pollution.This system has still the excellences that the seawater rainfall preventing,corrosion-proof,structural fastness,flow tranquilization and wind resistant ability.The sampling system adopts that the sampling,processing and displaying of the signal are controlled by the single-chip,equips the programme enactment of the temperature and pressure compensation and power failure protection and automatic repair.Under the work of marine environment it suggests that the design of this system is reasonable,data reliability,the high sensitivity,so it can satisfy the sampling request of high-capacity marine aerosol.

Rain samples collected from the shore of Xiamen during the impact of typhoon Bilis were analyzed.The results showed that monthly mean deposition of major ions in rain could be classified into 4 groups.pH in typhoon rain was significantly higher than that in normal rain and pH in typhoon rain showed less acidity characteristics.Acid composition in air could have been cleaned out effectively by rain during typhoon Bilis.The rain reduced acid deposition into the shore of Xiamen and its adjacent sea area at the same time.N/P ratios of rain in spring and summer seasons and from typhoon Bilis were much larger than the Redfield ratio.DIN in surface water of western Taiwan Strait was significantly increased by wet deposition during typhoon Bilis,but PO43-in this area increased insignificantly.

It is a significant task for marine science, atmospheric science, global change science and sustainability science to obtain large-scale and stable data of CO2 in the atmospheric and oceanic system. It needs to develop a three-dimension platform and to precisely record CO2 and its relative parameters in the ocean and atmosphere in parallel and continuously to accurately assess CO2 fluxes. Such platform should consist of land-base, ship borne, airborne, satellite and buoy systems. The main technology will include underway air-sea pCO2 measurement, buoy seaair CO2 fluxes observation, polar sea-air CO2 fluxes establishment, as well as remote sensing seaair CO2 fluxes investigation and evaluation.

Marine-atmosphere environment is the main way for terrestrial pollutants transferring into ocean and linkage for interaction between land and ocean.Observation and research of marine-atmosphere environment has become significant in studying global changing.The study introduces a multi-parameter underway integrated system technique and its application for Chinese Coastal Marine Environment Integrated Survey and Evaluation in Taiwan Strait and South China Sea.The system is automatic,precise and stable enough to adapt to understand state,source,transfer and flux for major harmful materials in the marine-atmosphere environment.