Interfaces have always been a key for functional devices in condensed-matter physic. However, dynamic regulation of interfacial symmetry and the subsequent effects have still been underestimated, especially in bulk materials. Here, we show that the interfacial crystallographic symmetry can be precisely modulated by electric field induced oxygen vacancy rearrangement in bulk centrosymmetric semiconductors (TiO 2 , SrTiO 3 , etc.), resulting in tunable interface polarization. Our results show that the interface polarization of metal-semiconductor heterostructure can be reversibly modified in a nonvolatile manner, with a tunable electromechanical response varying from 6.79 to 9.07 p.m./V, which is comparable to common piezoelectric semiconductors (ZnO, GaN, MoS 2 , etc.). Substantial self-gated carrier transport in metal-semiconductor heterostructure is achieved, with a Schottky barrier tuned by 30.8 meV. Furthermore, the self-gated electronics effectively simplifies the complicated structures of logic devices, integrating logic and storage operations through programmable interface polarization. These findings offer a distinctive approach to design the interface symmetry and functionalities beyond the intrinsic limitation of bulk centrosymmetric materials.

ABSTRACT The precise control of assembly dimensionality and macroscopic structural parameters remains a fundamental challenge in molecular self‐assembly. Here, we introduce a programmable strategy to govern the 1D‐to‐2D dimensional transition and structural width of DNA brick crystals by engineering their connecting interfaces. Using the number of interface connecting strands ( N x ) as a quantitative design parameter, we discover a sharp dimensional threshold that is preserved across both honeycomb and square lattices. At N x ≤ 8, the assembly is strictly confined to one‐dimensional nanoribbons; whereas at N x ≥ 12, lateral coupling activates extended two‐dimensional arrays whose structural width increases monotonically with N x . Thermal and thermodynamic analyses reveal that this sharp threshold behavior is lattice‐independent and originates from the size‐dependent thermal stability of the laterally connected domains. Our work establishes interfacial connectivity as a predictive handle for the on‐demand engineering of self‐assembled nanostructures with programmable dimensionality and prescribed widths.

As a sustainable energy source, solar power has emerged as a key focus in renewable energy research. Nevertheless, its practical implementation faces substantial challenges due to inherent spatiotemporal intermittency. This investigation presents an innovative approach to overcome these limitations through advanced phase change material (PCM) engineering. This work developed hierarchically structured composite PCMs via scalable injection molding technology, integrating high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyketone (PK), and functional graphite additives. The engineered materials demonstrate an elevated phase transition temperature (Tm = 129.1 °C, ΔH = 101.2 J g⁻¹), making them particularly suitable for mid-temperature solar energy conversion. A breakthrough alternating layered encapsulation architecture enables scalable manufacturing while preventing leakage; 95

Abstract Interface engineering by polarization derives a plethora of distinctive phenomena. Most of them focus on modulation of barrier height for controlling carrier transport of direct-current electronics. However, modulating interface width under alternating-current settings and its resultant effects have not been explored. Here, we report the capacitive piezotronics, which utilizes piezoelectric polarization to control the interface width of heterostructures and modulate junction capacitance at high frequency. The built-in electric potential and the interface width can be reversibly tuned with amplitude as high as 0.11 V and 10.5 nm, which presents a high strain sensitivity ( > 110 fF/mbar), and surpasses that of commercial capacitive pressure sensors ( ~ 0.1-0.7 fF/mbar). It possesses a capacity of mechanically tuning transmission signal of communication systems with an amplitude > 11 kHz, and substantially improving the filtering characteristics particularly for high frequency noise ( > 300 kHz). The strain-tuned alternating-current electronics offer a distinctive approach for high quality communication.

Conventional metal-based heat sinks are increasingly inadequate for meeting the heat dissipation requirements of high-power electronic devices. The phase-change-based heat sinks (PCHS) have shown promising capability in thermal management, but their limited thermal stability, poor processability, and low thermal conductivity set huge obstacles for fabricating high-performance PCHS via previous strategies. Here, paraffin wax (PW) is confined in a flexible polymer matrix by a facile melt blending. Additionally, modified boron nitride (mBN) was uniformly dispersed within the composite to create a composite phase change materials (PCMs) with exceptional thermal stability, high latent heat storage density, elevated thermal conductivity, and favorable 3D printability. Then, fused jet deposition 3D printing was utilized to directly manufacture high-performance PCHS. Remarkably, when serving as a practical heat sink, the novel PCHS can achieve a cooling effect of more than 50 °C. The heat sinks fabricated using this composite PCMs, which possesses excellent comprehensive capabilities, exhibit remarkable heat dissipation effects and can effectively address the heat dissipation challenges in next-generation electronic devices.

The surface chemistry of mesoporous nickel oxide (NiOx) plays a pivotal role in its functionality across various technological applications. Herein, we present a detailed study of NiOx surface states using multiple spectroscopic techniques, including ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, to observe the removal and reformation of surface species during gas dosing. Our findings reveal the presence of both surface oxygen- and hydroxide-species on the NiOx surface. Furthermore, the results suggest that NiOx surface states consist of approximately 50% hydroxides and the remainder comprising adsorbed oxygen species, likely predominantly diatomic oxygen ions (O2-), that are associated with higher valence Ni states (Ni3+). In situ experiments demonstrate that the formation and stability of hydroxides and diatomic oxygen ions depend on temperature and are significantly influenced by interactions with atmospheric oxygen and water. Our insights into the NiOx surface state composition and reactivity offer a nuanced understanding of its surface chemistry, with implications for enhancing its performance in catalysis, sensing, energy harvesting and energy storage devices where the surface states of nickel oxide are known to dictate electronic and chemical properties of the material.

We introduce a strategy employing an adaptive genetic algorithm (GA) for iterative optimization of control sequences to generate quantum nonclassical states. Its efficacy is demonstrated by preparing spin squeezed states in an open collective spin model governed by a linear control field. Inspired by Darwinian evolution, the algorithm iteratively refines control sequences using crossover, mutation, and elimination strategies, starting from a coherent spin state within a dissipative and dephasing environment. We rigorously benchmark our method against constant control protocols and reinforcement learning, demonstrating competitive and robust performance. Furthermore, we showcase the GA's versatility by directly optimizing for metrologically relevant squeezing, achieving scalable performance, even in the presence of dissipation and thermal noise. The proposed strategy demonstrates a high state-preparation fidelity, exceeding 0.99, and provides a long time window for maintaining the spin squeezed state, even under dissipative conditions. We discuss feasible experimental implementations and potential extensions to alternative quantum systems, and the adaptability of the GA module. This research establishes the foundation for utilizing GA-like strategies in controlling quantum systems and achieving desired nonclassical states.

Introduction High-shear wet granulation (HSWG) is most commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry, with the advantages of being fully enclosed, having a good mixing effect, and being highly efficient. However, only a few studies are geared toward an in-depth understanding of the pre-mixing process in the high-shear wet granulator (HSWGr). Objectives In this paper, the effect of impeller speed and fill level on the mixing performance of particles is investigated using the discrete element method (DEM), which provides theoretical references for the energy-saving operation in HSWGr. Methods Relative standard deviation (RSD) was used as a mixing index to quantify mixing quality, particle temperature over a vertical distance to quantify particle motion bias, and total power consumption per unit mass to monitor the loss effect. Results The simulation results show that the impeller speed only affects the mixing process and does not change the mixing uniformity; the fill level has a significant effect on the particle mixing, and a higher fill level will inhibit the particle mixing; based on the uniform mixing, the fill level has little effect on the total power consumption per unit mass. Conclusion The results of the study show that increasing the fill level and impeller speed contributes to the energy-saving operation of HSWGr.

Rapid processing of tactile information is essential to human haptic exploration and dexterous object manipulation. Conventional electronic skins generate frames of tactile signals upon interaction with objects. Unfortunately, they are generally ill-suited for efficient coding of temporal information and rapid feature extraction. In this work, we report a neuromorphic tactile system that uses spike timing, especially the first-spike timing, to code dynamic tactile information about touch and grasp. This strategy enables the system to seamlessly code highly dynamic information with millisecond temporal resolution on par with the biological nervous system, yielding dynamic extraction of tactile features. Upon interaction with objects, the system rapidly classifies them in the initial phase of touch and grasp, thus paving the way to fast tactile feedback desired for neuro-robotics and neuro-prosthetics.

Bacterial infections pose a significant challenge to global public health, and the development of innovative antibacterial materials is becoming increasingly urgent. Currently, hydrogels are widely studied for the treatment of bacterial infection. However, it is still a great challenge to load antibacterial nanoparticles into the hydrogel matrix by using green synthesis method. Tannic acid (TA) is an eco-friendly reducing agent for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, and it also has antibacterial activity. In this paper, an antibacterial chitosan/sodium alginate (HCS/SA) hydrogel film embedded with AgNPs was fabricated through in-situ green reduction with TA to utilize the synergistic antibacterial effect of TA and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The chemical composition and morphology of the antibacterial hydrogel were characterized by using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDS. The results demonstrated that TA solution under alkaline conditions could convert AgNO3 to AgNPs, and AgNPs were embedded uniformly on the surface of the HCS/SA hydrogel film. In addition, the pH of the TA solution significantly influenced the swelling behavior of the antibacterial hydrogel films. When the pH of the TA solution increased from 7 to 10, the swelling ratio of the antibacterial hydrogel film increased from 388.89% to 648.69%. In addition, the hemolysis rates of our prepared hydrogel films were below 5%, meeting the safety requirements. In vitro antibacterial experiments revealed that the fabricated hydrogel films showed excellent antibacterial effects against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa with inhibition zones up to 25.8 +/- 0.24 mm, 32.2 +/- 0.62 mm, and 22.6 +/- 0.49 mm, respectively. Therefore, the antibacterial hydrogel films developed in this study hold potential for treating bacteria-infected wounds.

Electronic skin (E-skin) is an advanced wearable technique with great potential in tactile feedback applications. E-skins with a large number of sensors may generate a great amount of data that usually incurs serious difficulties in data processing and transmission. Current research on E-skins mainly focuses on hardware design and sensor development, without considering the issue of data compression. To address the issue, this paper reports efficient compression of data from neuromorphic E-skin using algorithms based on run-length coding. Two run-of-zero-based coding methods, including Golomb coding and frequency-directed run-length (FDR) coding, are exploited to achieve data compression. Experimental results show that both the Golomb coding and FDR coding based algorithms can compress the E-skin data efficiently with compression ratios over 79%.

Celecoxib, the first cyclooxygenase-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic and antitumor effects. However, celecoxib’s poor solubility severely limits its clinical application. Thus, a novel ternary solid dispersion system was developed using PVP K30 and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) as carrier materials in order to improve its solubility and dissolution behavior. The solid dispersion system was characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, DSC, in vitro dissolution, saturated solubility, and contact angle test; the stability of the samples under extreme environments was investigated as well. The results showed that the novel ternary solid dispersion doped with PVP K30 and HPβCD has enhanced solubility around 6.28-fold, an almost 13.94-fold increase in the dissolution rate (120 min) compared with celecoxib’s active pharmaceutical ingredient. The substantial improvement in its dissolution performance is attributed to the fact that celecoxib is dispersed in the carrier material in an amorphous form and has hydrogen bonding interactions with the carrier materials. In addition, the improvement of wettability is one of the reasons for its increased solubility. In conclusion, the combination of PVP K30 and HPβCD can significantly improve the solubility of celecoxib and this novel solid dispersion system provides new ideas and methods to further improve the solubility of insoluble drugs.

Stretchable synaptic devices with adaptability to elastic deformation, sensing environmental stimuli, and unique information processing functions are of great significance for the development of the next generation of artificial nervous systems. Here, an intrinsically stretchable tribotronic mechanoplastic artificial synapse (STMAS) is proposed, which is integrated by a triboelectric nanogenerator and an electrolyte-gated transistor with ion-gel as dielectric layer. The STMAS can be modulated by the triboelectric potential induced by mechanical stimulation without the need to apply an external gate voltage, achieving an active mechanical tuning of synaptic plasticity such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, short-term plasticity, and long-term plasticity. The STMAS exhibits stable synaptic plasticity under 0-50% stretcher strain in parallel and vertical to channel directions, respectively. Furthermore, the International Morse code triggered by mechanical signals has been successfully mimicked. This work has achieved an intrinsically stretchable tribotronic artificial synapse with mechanically tuned synaptic behavior, which will help promote the development of artificial nervous systems and expand the applications of artificial synapses in intelligent robotics, artificial limbs and human-machine interaction.

This research focuses on the evolution of mechanical behavior of bimodal mixtures undergoing compaction and diametrical compression. The clusters were built and discrete element method (DEM) was used to investigate the densification process and micromechanics of bimodal mixtures. Additionally, a more comprehensive investigate of the respective breakage of the bimodal mixtures has been carried out. On this basis, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the compressive force, force chain, contact bonds and density field evolution characteristics of the clusters are investigated during the compression process. The entire loading process of the clusters is divided into three stages: rearrangement, breakage and elastic–plastic deformation. Additionally, there are differences in the evolution of micromechanics behavior of different particles in the bimodal mixture, with pregelatinized starch breakage and deformation occurring before microcrystalline cellulose. With the tablet deformation, the fragmentation process of the tablet started at the point of contact and extended toward the center, and the curvature of the force chain increased. This approach may potentially hold a valuable new information relevant to important transformation forms batch manufacturing to advanced manufacturing for the oral solid dosage form.

"Encapsulation" is a common phenomenon during polymer melting processing, which supplied great opportunities for fabricating high-performance polymer products. In this work, two immiscible polymers, high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyketone (PK), were used for preparing polymer blends with viscous encapsulation structures. Moreover, the effects of interfacial tension, viscosity ratio, and shear rate on the phase morphology evolution of HDPE/PK blends were investigated by numerical simulation and high-pressure capillary extrusion (HCE). Meanwhile, the formation mechanisms of HDPE/PK alternating layered encapsulation structure were explored by tracking the trajectory of PK droplets via numerical simulation. The results show that an alternative layered encapsulation structure of HDPE/PK was formed under the shear rate from 50 to 1000 s-1 with the interfacial tension over 1.35 mN/m. Moreover, it was found that the revealed mechanism in HCE was also applicable to the injection molding process. Therefore, this unique "microstructure-intelligent prediction -control" strategy of polymer blends is suitable for the industrial processing of high-performance polymer blends for desired applications.

Despite the refined microstructures for liquid manipulation materials is hard to be readily and massively fabricate, the damage and abrasion during storage and transportation is still a main factor limiting its service life. Herein, a facile, scalable, and eco-friendly approach to superhydrophobic polyethylene (PE) tape via constructing polypropylene (PP)-PE-PP sandwiched structures with multi-melt multi-injection molding was reported. The PE tape can be long-term protected by PP layer before use. By peeling the protective PP layers from the PE tape, the hydrophobicity can be instantly endowed to the peeled PE surface, which should give credit is the failure of the interphase layer between PE and PP, followed by in-situ formation of multi-tier microstructures of the peeled PE surface during the peeling process. The hydrophobic performance can be regulated up to 154.0 +/- 8.99 degrees by optimizing PE chain structure. Moreover, by simply tunning the peeling temperature from -198 degrees C to 110 degrees C, the PE tunable water contact angle (WCA) ranges from 133.6 +/- 4.39 degrees to utmost 156.3 +/- 3.57 degrees, owing to the transformation of hierarchical multi-tier surface topography around the transition temperature (EP). Ultimately, the as-prepared hydrophobic PE tapes were successfully utilized for loss-free manipulation and transferring of the water droplet, which provides a significant prospect of eco-friendly and continuous production for durable hydrophobic materials.

A dual-bandgap photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell with two semiconductors stacked in tandem is a widely adopted concept to capture a large fraction of the solar spectrum for water splitting. While two photons are theoretically needed to produce one H2 molecule using single-bandgap PEC cells, four photons are generally required for one H2 molecule in the dual-bandgap cells because of an unavoidable charge recombination at the solid-solid interface. Here, triboelectric effects are exploited in the form of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to allow for the generation of one H2 molecule at the expenses of two photons in a dual-bandgap device using an array of core/shell p-type silicon/anatase-TiO2 nanowires as photoelectrode. The TENG, that converts mechanical energy to electricity, efficiently suppresses the charge recombination at the interface and significantly increases the energy of the photo-generated carriers required for the simultaneous water reduction and oxidation. The synergy of photoexcitation and triboelectrics results in a rate of hydrogen production in a neutral Na2SO4 electrolyte around 150 times higher than that of the counterpart, i.e., the device in the absence of TENG. Furthermore, the TENG-induced enhancement in the PEC water splitting remains substantial even when the solar power density is reduced to 20 mW/cm2.

To study the effects of second-melt penetration on the external fields (shear field and thermal field) as well as the morphological evolution along the flow direction, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were applied in the multi-melt multi-injection molding (M3IM) in which PVDF and PMMA were used for the first and second shots, respectively. The whole process of M3IM was also simulated by Fluent software using Cross-WLF model to quantitively investigate the distributions of melt temperature and shear rate and to better understand the formation mechanism of various morphologies in M3IM products. The results from polarized light microscopy (PLM) with hot-stage showed that two different layers were formed in PVDF part. Specifically, one is the primary flow layer and the other is the secondary flow layer. The former one was dominated by the first shot of PVDF, while the latter one was significantly affected by the second shot of PMMA. Moreover, a penetration area was clearly observed in the region close to the end of the primary flow layer. Characterizations with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the content of PVDF beta phase dramatically increased in the penetration area. This is mainly caused by the secondary shearing effect of PMMA melt in (MIM)-I-3 which is in good agreement with numerical simulation. Moreover, an interesting structure, "bright ribbon", with a higher melting temperature (similar to 190 degrees C) was found in the domains after penetration area. This might be due to the shear heating of the secondary flow, which results in the annealing of PVDF crystals. Finally, this work provides a detailed investigation of the secondary flow behavior of polymer melt in (MIM)-I-3 and helps us better understand the corresponding effects on the structural evolution along the flow direction. [GRAPHICS] .

The dynamical feature for a p ‐wave superconductor model in different parameter regions in terms of the appearance of topologically gapless edge modes in reel geometry is investigated. First, the parameter region with gapless edge modes versus a parameter and quasi‐momentum is shown. The parameter diagram can be reflected by the expectations of Pauli matrices in global manners. In another view, the dynamical feature of the excitation behave differently in the parameter regions with topological gapless edge modes and not. And the cusps of dynamical return rate vanish as the parameter pass the topological phase boundary slowly enough. It is found that the dynamics in the parameter region with gapless edge modes behaves differently to that without edge modes and related mostly to the eigenenergy gap between the pre‐and post‐quench eigenstates. The cusps of the dynamical return rate behave robustly against the noise occurs during evolution in the lattice until localization behavior dominates. This work benefits detecting topological edge modes by dynamical manners.