本文利用H2O2脱色、酶法和Sevage法联合脱蛋白对野巴子粗多糖进行初步纯化并得到初步纯化多糖(YBZp),对YBZp采用Superdex-75和Superdex-30串联凝胶柱进行进一步纯化,得到野巴子多糖(YBZb).经高效凝胶渗透色谱法检测为均一的纯化多糖,分子量6400.3 u.YBZb的结构鉴定采用甲基化、气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱、核磁共振、红外光谱方法.结果 表明,YBZb的单糖组成为阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖,相对摩尔比为0.526∶0.061∶0.166∶0.247,YBZb是由4种单糖组成的中性杂多糖,其中,阿拉伯糖所占比例最高.YBZb具有多分枝结构,主链为1→6连接的半乳糖,在4位有分枝,且每16个半乳糖有11个分枝;支链由阿拉伯糖以1→5连接,葡萄糖以1→4连接构成,末端由阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖构成,存在α、β糖苷键.YBZb的活性实验表明,在浓度达到4 mg/mL时,YBZb对·OH、DPPH·的清除率最大分别为47.14％、90.62％,表明YBZb具有一定的清除·OH和DPPH·的活性.

乌梁素海是全球范围内干旱草原与荒漠地区极少见的大型多功能湖泊,具有重要的生态经济功能.但是,近年来由于营养盐排放增加,湖泊富营养化问题严重,芦苇面积扩张至湖泊的60％.研究芦苇生长期对于氮磷营养盐吸收动力学特征,对湖泊治理具有重要意义.本文基于实验室微型湖泊生态系统,研究了不同温度、光照和营养盐浓度下芦苇对于氮磷营养盐的吸收动力学参数.研究表明,芦苇对氮、磷具有较强的吸收能力,重度富营养化时氮、磷最大吸收速率分别为轻度富营养化时的3倍以上.此外温度对最大吸收速率具有一定影响,夏季最大吸收速率略高于秋季.

本文利用超声波辅助水提醇沉法提取甘西鼠尾草粗多糖,应用单因素和Box-Behnken响应面法进行提取工艺优化.对甘西鼠尾草粗多糖进行脱色素、脱蛋白处理得到初步纯化多糖,并对粗多糖和初步纯化多糖进行体外抗氧化活性的测定.结果表明,甘西鼠尾草粗多糖的最佳提取条件为:液料比31∶1 mL/g、提取时间2.7h、提取温度75℃、超声波功率300 W.在此条件下,甘西鼠尾草粗多糖的提取率为6.568％,与预测值基本一致.清除自由基实验表明,在一定浓度范围内,对·OH自由基清除活性最高清除率达64.34％;对DPPH清除活性最大清除率达83％.

独脚金粗多糖(Strigaasiatica (L.) O.Ktze.polysaccharide,SKPc)经DEAE-Sephadex A-25以及SephadexG-100柱层析分离纯化后得到独脚金多糖组分(SKP1*).采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测SKP1*,表明多糖SKP1*极性、相对分子质量是均一的,且其相对分子质量为14852u.采用气相色谱(GC)分析法研究SKP1*的单糖组成为葡萄糖(Glu)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)、半乳糖(Gal)、木糖(Xyl)、甘露糖(Man)、鼠李糖(Rha),相对摩尔比是2.5∶2.0∶0.85∶0.4∶0.5∶1.0;可能主要以β型糖苷键连接.采用化学分析和仪器分析结合进行SKP1*结构分析,表明SKP1*结构是Ara以p-(1→3)糖苷键连接构成主链之一,2,4或2,5位有支链;Gal以β-(1→6)糖苷键连接构成SKP1*的主链之一,且在3位上有分枝.支链由β-(1→4或1→5)Xyl、β-(1→4,1→6,1→2)Glc构成.Rha、Ara、Man、Gal、Glc都有一部分构成糖分子的末端残基.体外清除羟基实验结果表明,SKP1*有较好地清除羟基自由基的活性.

利用超声波辅助水提醇沉法提取省沽油粗多糖(Staphylea bumalda DC.polysaccharides,SDP).应用单因素和响应面法优化提取工艺及比较不同提取方法所得省沽油粗多糖的清除自由基活性和降血糖活性.结果显示,省沽油粗多糖最佳提取条件为:料液比1∶30 g/mL、提取温度72℃、提取时间2.0 h、超声波功率355 W,此条件下省沽油粗多糖的提取率为4.70％,与理论预测值4.75％基本一致.清除自由基实验表明,多糖浓度达到2.50 mg/mL时,在最佳提取条件下获得的省沽油粗多糖对·OH和DPPH·自由基清除率是同等条件下传统水浴提取粗多糖的1.2倍和1.38倍.其他条件相同,350W超声波辅助提取的粗多糖对·OH清除作用最佳,清除率最高可达71.23％,350W和400W超声波辅助提取的粗多糖对DPPH-清除率均为85％左右.不同超声功率辅助提取的粗多糖清除自由基活性有一定差异.多糖的降血糖实验表明,省沽油粗多糖的降血糖作用具有一定的效果,对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率可以达到55.69％.

研究绿萝花多糖的超声波辅助提取工艺优化方法,并测定其体外抗氧化活性.在单因素试验基础上,选定温度、时间、液料比和超声波功率为影响因素,采用Box-Behnken中心组合设计,通过4因素3水平的试验和响应面回归分析得出优化的提取工艺.对酶-Sevage法结合脱蛋白后的多糖进行清除·OH和DPPH·2种自由基的实验以评价其抗氧化活性.结果表明,最优提取条件为:提取温度74℃、提取时间1.5 h、液料比32∶1、超声波功率455W,绿萝花多糖提取率为3.51％.多糖浓度为4.0 mg/mL时,对·OH和DPPH·的清除率分别达到76.03％和76.94％.超声波辅助提取绿萝花多糖工艺合理可行、成本较低,绿萝花多糖有良好抗氧化活性.

采用响应面法优化粘柄丝膜菌(Cortinarius collinitus)子实体多糖的超声辅助提取工艺,分别采用高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)和气相色谱(gas chromatography,GC)进行多糖样品分子量测定和单糖组成分析;并检测多糖样品体外清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基和羟自由基的活性.结果表明:最佳提取工艺条件为液料比40∶1,提取温度68℃,提取时间2.6h,超声功率300 W,在此条件下粘柄丝膜菌多糖得率为5.97％,较常规水提(4.73％)提高了26％;粘柄丝膜菌多糖中糖含量为72.35％,该多糖是由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖6种单糖构成的杂多糖;800 tμg/mL多糖对DPPH自由基的清除率达71％,4 mg/mL多糖对羟自由基的清除率达63％.

本文使用微波辅助水提醇沉法提取新疆一枝蒿多糖,用酸性乙醇分级4、DEAE-SephadexA-25以及SephadexG-100柱层析分离纯化得到新疆一枝蒿纯化多糖(YZH4-b).采用HPLC法检测YZH4-b均一性及分子量.经气相色谱(GC)、纸层析(PC)、红外光谱(IR)、气相色谱-质谱联用检测(GC-MS)、核磁共振(NMR)等方法解析YZH4-b的结构.结果显示YZH4-b是分子量约为9333D的均一性多糖,单糖组成为Rha、Man、Xyl、Glc、Ara、Ga1.YZH4-b为多分支结构多糖,Gal分别以l→4糖苷键和l→3糖苷键连接构成多糖YZH4-b的两条主链,在6位上有分支;支链由Rha、Xyl、Glc、Man、Ara、Gal组成,其中,Rha以1→4连接,Ara和Xyl以1→3连接,Man以1→3,4,6连接,Glc以1→3,1→4,l→6或1→3,6连接,Gal以1→3连接;末端残基由Ara和Glc组成.YZH4-b清除·OH与DPPH自由基的效率可分别达77.23％和65.43％,表明YZH4-b具有良好的清除自由基活性.

The crude polysaccharide named as HZKJcwas extracted from Lenzites betulina by water extraction and alcohol precipitation,and then deproteinized by Enzyme-Sevage combined method.The crude polysaccharide was purified by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and G-I00 gel filtration chromatography to obtain pure polysaccharide products HZKJv.The purity and relative molecular weight distribution of HZKJv were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Monosaccharide composition was analyzed by paper chromatography (PC),gas chromatography (GC) and infrared spectroscopy (IR).The free radical scavenging activities of purified polysaccharide were investigated.HZKJv was a homogeneous polysaccharide with average molecular weight of 11 687.When the concentration of HZKJv was 3.0mg/mL and 2.0mg/mL,the.OH and DPPH free radical scavenging rate can be up to 82％ and 85％,respectively,indicating that HZKJv had excellent scavenging effect on.OH and DPPH free radicals.

A water-soluble polysaccharide, HM 41 , was obtained from Halenia elliptica D. Don by acidic ethanol fractionation and gel filtration. Its homogeneity was confirmed by chromatography using multiple systems. HM 41 was composed of rhamnose（Rha）, arabinose（Ara）, xylose（Xyl）, mannose（Man）,galactose（Gal）, glucose（Glc） with a molar ratio of 1.0:5.5:1.8:3.0:9.4:21. The average molecular weight of HM 41 was approximately 1.17 * 10~4. Periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation and GC, IR,NMR, XRD, GC–MS analysis were used for the structural analysis of HM 41 . Its main chain was composed mainly of β-（1→4）Gal, β-（1→4）Glc and β-（1→6）Glc. β-（1 →4）Gal were substituted at 6-O and on average there were 14 branches among 23 main chain residues;（1→ 4）Glc had no branch;（1→6）Glc were substituted at 3-O and on average there were 9 branches among 14 main chain residues. The side chain was composed of（1→3,6）-Rha,（1→4）/（1→5）-Ara,（1 →4）/（1→5）-Xyl,（1→4,6）-Man and（1→2）-Glc. The terminal residue was composed of Ara, Xyl, Man, Gal, and Glc. Then, we demonstrated that HM and HM 41 had strong scavenging activities in vitro hydroxyl. Overall, HM and HM 41 may have potential applications in the antioxidants for medical and food industry.

利用水提醇沉法提取大白桩菇粗多糖,用酸性乙醇分级、SepharoseCL-4B以及Sephadex G-100柱层析分离纯化得到大白桩菇多糖(DBZG4-b).采用高效液相色谱法检测DBZG4-b均一性及相对分子质量.经气相色谱、纸层析、红外光谱、甲基化、气相色谱-质谱、核磁共振方法解析DBZG4-b的结构.结果显示,DBZG4-b为均一性多糖,相对分子质量约为6 864;DBZG4-b为多分支结构多糖,主链由Glc和Gal构成,均以1→6糖苷键连接,Glc在3位上有分支,Gal在4位上有分支;支链由Ara、Glc、Gal构成,其中Ara以1→3连接,Glc以1→3连接,Gal以1→4连接,Ara、Xyl、Rha、Man、Glc、Gal都有一部分构成分子的末端残基.清除·OH与1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基实验表明,DBZG4-b具有良好的清除自由基能力.

为了获取独脚金多糖(DJPc)的最佳提取工艺条件,采用正交试验设计对水提醇沉法提取DJPc进行优化,并对DJPc进行GC分析和体外清除·OH自由基、DPPH·自由基活性的测定.结果发现得到DJPc的最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1∶18,提取时间2.5h,提取温度80℃,得率为10％;DJPc的单糖组成为Rha、Ara、Xyl、Man、Glc、Gal,其摩尔比为1.0∶0.7∶1.6∶0.8∶1.2∶1.5;在DJPc浓度为2500μg/mL时,得到对·OH自由基和DPPH·自由基的最大清除率,分别为64.9％、50.2％,说明DJPc具有很好的体外抗氧化作用.

Crude polysaccharide was extracted from Brassica rapa L.After acidic ethanol fractionation,DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration,WJdp4-b was obtained.Its homogeneity is confirmed by chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B and HPLC.By means of HIO4 oxidation,Smith degradation,methylation,partial acid hydrolysis,paper chromatography,GC,IR,NMR,and GC-MS analysis,the structure of WJdp4-b was identified.Its average molecular weight is 10 840.WJdp4-b was composed of rhamose (Rha),arabinose (Ara),mannose (Man),glucose (Glc) and its molar ratio is 1∶1∶ 10∶ 9.Its main chain is mainly made up of(1→4) Glc;Glc are substituted at 6-O and on average there were 12 branches among 17 main chain residues.The side chain was composed of(1→4) or(1→5)-Ara,(1 →3),(1→6)-Man.The terminal residue was composed of Rha,Glc.

为了获得微波提取新疆阿魏根多糖的最佳工艺,以及新疆阿魏粗多糖的体外抗氧化活性,采用响应面法优化新疆阿魏水溶性多糖的微波提取工艺,在单因素试验的基础上选取液料比、提取温度、提取时间、微波功率进行试验设计,以所得多糖质量与苯酚硫酸法测得的多糖含量百分数的乘积作为优化指标,并检测新疆阿魏根多糖体外清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基的活性.结果:最优工艺条件为液料比120∶1 (mL/g)、提取时间13 min、提取温度80℃、微波功率600 W,多糖实际得率为6.93％,接近于理论值.新疆阿魏根多糖对DPPH自由基有很好的清除作用,当质量浓度为1000μg/mL时,新疆阿魏根多糖对DPPH自由基的清除率为91.67％,作用接近于VC的清除作用.

Response surface methodology( RSM) was used to optimize the extraction condition of crude polysaccharides( WJc) from Brassica rapa L.. Three independent variables of extraction temperature( ℃),extraction time( h),and ratio of water to raw material( mL/g) were investigated. The experimental levels were determined by singlefactor tests. The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 80℃,extraction time 2. 5 h,liquid /solid ratio 30 mL /g. Under these conditions,the experimental value was 8. 858%,which was very closed with the predicted valuel. In vitro,free radical scavenging activities results indicated that WJc were found to be effective in scavenging hydroxyl radicals. Overall,WJc may have potential applications in the medical and health food.

The extraction of Illicium micrantbum polysaccharide and its scavenging capacity of free radical were studied in this paper. Through single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment,the optimum extracting conditions were investigated through that the temperature was 75℃,material to water 1 ∶ 14,extracting time 2h,ultrasonic power 300 W.The polysaccharide yield was up to 0.83%.Meanwhile,the polysaccharide of Illicium micrantbum had strong scavenging effect on free radical.

Brassica rapa L. is widely used by the Uygur as herbs. Recently more research concentrates on its chemical constituents. The chemical constituents and biological activity of Brassica rapa L. were summarized so as to provide theoretical basis for its further development and utilization.

Objective To study the extraction process of Mappianthus iodoies Hand.MaZZ.Polysaccharide and Its Scavenging Effect on Radical.Methods Based on single factor test,the extraction conditions were optimized by orthogonal test.The scavenging capacity of Mappianthus iodoies Hand.MaZZ.Polysaccharide was investigated using.OH and DPPH free radical system.Results The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: extraction temperature of 80℃,liquid ratio of 1∶ 8,extraction duration of 2 h.As concentration of polysaccharide was 1200μg/ml,its scavenging rate on.OH reached 70.65%.As concentration of polysaccharide was 500μg/ml its scavenging rate on DPPH reached 33.54%.Conclusion The optimum extraction technology of Mappianthus iodoies Hand.MaZZ.polysaccharid with water extraction was obtained in this study,and it had strong scavenging effect on hydroxyl radical

The polysaccharide is one of the important components in organisms and plays crucial roles in sustaining various physiological functionalities.Several biological functions of plant polysaccharide have been identified and their bacteriostatic effects have also drawn much attention.This paper summarizes the methods bacteriostatic effects of polysaccharide and compares the pros and cons of different method in order to offer reference to the studies of polysaccharide effects.