为加深对塔里木盆地顺北地区岩浆侵入作用的研究,运用研究区丰富的三维地震资料,在详细刻画火成岩侵入体及相关构造发育特征和展布规律的基础上,建立了岩浆的垂向侵入模式,确立了岩浆的侧向流动方向,探讨了其石油地质意义.结果 表明,顺北地区的碟形火成岩侵入体一般沿中、下奥陶统顶界面及以上界面层状叠置分布,碟形岩床之上发育逆断层和高陡裂隙两类构造,由此自下而上形成了"岩浆通道、叠置岩床、高陡构造"的岩浆垂向侵入模式.碟形岩床及相关构造的展布特征表明,该区岩浆自深部侵入到中、下奥陶统顶界面之后自北向南呈放射状侧向流动.研究火成岩侵入体对储层的改造作用和相关逆断层对油气的运聚作用有利于开拓顺北地区乃至整个塔里木盆地的油气勘探新领域.

走滑断裂分段叠置区通常包括拉分叠置区和挤压叠置区,其形成及演化与油气藏关系密切,其内部构造特征对油气运聚具有重要影响.塔里木盆地顺托果勒地区顺北1号断裂叠置区分段发育特征明显,油气勘探表明,拉分叠置区和挤压叠置区对油气运聚的控制能力有一定差异.在分析构造特征的基础上,对走滑断裂拉分叠置区和挤压叠置区开展了物理模拟实验研究,结果显示,拉分叠置区内发育有多组里德尔(R)剪切和压剪性(P)剪切,在叠置区内多组断裂组成一套平面范围较小、垂向断距较大的雁列地堑系统;挤压叠置区内仅发育一组R剪切、P剪切及单条共轭里德尔(R')剪切,并在叠置区内形成平面范围较大、垂向断距较小的地垒.因此认为,基底断裂的几何形态、运动性质是控制叠置区发育类型的关键因素.叠置区内断裂发育的数量、规模均受控于总走滑量,并与之呈正相关.相较于挤压叠置区,拉分叠置区的断层数更多,分布更密且地层破碎变形程度更高.在构造特征及力学机制上,拉分叠置区均表现出更强的油气富集潜力.

溶洞识别对于缝洞型油气藏的勘探与开发具有重要意义.传统溶洞识别方法多解性强且效率低,因此将具有强特征学习能力、高泛化性的深度学习方法引入溶洞识别中,但溶洞的地震波场响应特征复杂、异常体尺寸较小、训练样本难以获取等导致深度学习在识别溶洞时仍具挑战性.为此,提出一套识别地震数据溶洞的"两步法"深度学习方法:首先通过U-Net模型识别地震剖面上的"串珠状"异常反射;再根据"串珠状"异常识别结果对地震数据进行小范围截取,输入深度残差网络中,实现对实际溶洞轮廓的预测.对于实际溶洞预测训练数据难以获取这一问题,采用波动方程正演模拟的方法制作具有准确标签的溶洞地震数据.实际地震数据的应用表明,该方法对于溶洞识别准确性高,抗噪能力强,可以极大地节约人工解释成本.

Natural gas breakthroughs have been made in many wells recently in the Shunnan in the southern part of the Shuntoguole low uplift in the Tarim Basin. With the advancement of exploration, the understanding of reservoir development is one of the key issues affecting exploration evaluation. Based on the research of sedimentary facies and tectonic evolution, core description, thin section analysis, physical property analysis, comprehensive logging and reservoir prediction were used to study the carbonate reservoirs in the Middle-Lower Ordovician in the study area. The reservoir spaces include pores and fractures controlled by fault and hydrothermal fluid activities, and also intercrystalline pores and intercrystalline solution pores in dolomite reservoirs, micropores in limestone reservoirs. There are three types of reservoirs, including fracture-cavity type controlled by faults, fracture-cavity type controlled by hydrothermal fluid activities, and fractures-pores. The fractures-pores mainly distribute in limestones in the Yijianfang Formation and the upper Yingshan Formation and in dolomites in the Lower Yingshan Formation. They have poor physical properties, and are featured by extra-low porosity and permeability. The fracture-cavity types controlled by faults and hydrothermal fluid activities mainly distribute along the NE strike-slip fault zone. Strike-slip fractures and associated fractures developed in multiple stages are the main controlling factors for large-scale effective reservoirs. They formed fractured-vuggy reservoirs. Meanwhile, they connected pores and micropores, intercrystalline pores, and intercrystalline dissolution pores, forming connected effective reservoirs, which was also a prerequisite for hydrothermal fluid activities.

近年来,中石化华南销售分公司埋地长输管道大量采用了三层聚乙烯(3PE)防腐蚀层技术,在管道的生产运行中出现过防腐蚀层剥离现象,为了探究管道防腐蚀层的剥离原因,通过现场测试与开挖以及实验室测试分析,分析管道埋设环境中土壤腐蚀性、水环境、杂散电流干扰、阴极保护电位以及施工过程等因素对3PE防腐蚀层剥离的影响.结果表明:管道3PE防腐蚀层的剥离主要是由于施工质量导致管道3PE防腐蚀层破损及补口处黏接力不合格等因素造成的,足够负的阴极保护电位下(≤-2.5 V,vs SCE),3PE防腐蚀层的阻抗值及防护性能下降,存在阴极剥离造成防腐蚀层失效的趋势.

塔里木盆地阿满地区走滑活动明显,发育了顺北1号、顺北5号等NE向大型走滑断裂带,这些断裂带存在明显的差异性,表现出"南强北弱"的特征.通过对顺北1号断裂不同位置及次级断裂的特征及活动性进行解析,并结合大量单井生产资料及地震资料分析了断裂对油气富集的控制作用.研究结果表明,顺北1号断裂不同位置及次级断裂在几何学、运动学及活动性上存在着很大的差异性.顺北1号断裂的差异性,使该断裂具有明显的分段性,形成了不同的走滑构造,这些构造控制了不同类型圈闭的形成和油气运移和聚集,进而影响着油气富集规律.

塔里木盆地顺北地区沿走滑断裂发育的缝洞体具有良好的油气储集空间,但因埋深大、地震信噪比和分辨率低,导致叠后缝洞体检测多解性严重.因此基于梯度结构张量倾角导向滤波方法和三维各向异性扩散滤波方法增强地震不连续性属性,通过比较并优选合理的滤波参数,使用结构张量获取局部结构信息,构建扩散张量控制扩散过程,加入由结构张量构成的不连续性算子,保护缝洞等不连续性信息,然后提取相干体、曲率体及最大似然体等缝洞体敏感属性,应用于顺北地区断控不同尺度裂缝检测.实际资料的应用结果表明,不连续性属性增强及提取技术能有效提高断控内部不同尺度裂缝地震检测能力,可为后续钻井部署提供可靠依据.

There are two main groups of hydrocarbon source rocks in southwest Dongpu Sag,the Carboniferous-Permian and the third member of Shahejie Formation.Their hydrocarbon generation capacity and their contribution to hydrocarbon accumulation affect the evaluation of the exploration strata and targets in this area,especially since there have been differing opinions regarding whether the third member of the Shahejie Formation can produce gas,and whether the gas reservoirs are mixed-source.By using geochemical methods,such as carbon isotopes,rare gas isotopes,natural gas compositions,and chromatography-mass spectrometry,oil and gas sources were compared and the geochemical characteristics of the source rocks were studied.The study shows that the organic matter in the source rocks of the third member of Shahejie Formation are dominated by Type Ⅱ2 to Type Ⅲ Kerogen with high abundance and are poor-moderate grade source rocks,while the organic matter in the Carboniferous-Permian source rocks are dominated by Type Ⅲ Kerogen with high abundance and are good quality source rocks.The crude oil in the area comes from the third member of Shahejie Formation,where the source rocks are characterized by generating oil first and then entering a high-maturity stage to produce coal-type gas with heavy carbon isotopes.The Carboniferous-Permian source rocks mainly produce coal-formed gas.These two types of gas mix and become important natural gas sources in the area.The two groups of hydrocarbon source rocks are the most favorable exploration sources in this area.

勘探实践进一步证实,塔中地区裂缝型、溶蚀孔洞型的碳酸盐岩储层具有强非均质性的特点,这给如何评价该区碳酸盐岩岩溶缝洞型储层发育区带来了问题.本文在顺西三维地震工区,针对存在的问题,通过Jason软件平台,基于地质模型的约束稀疏脉冲反演技术,实现了针对该区碳酸盐岩储层集中地震的横向分布、测井的高低频信息、地质经验认识三位一体的储层预测反演.通过分析,与已钻井吻合较好,并结合属性分析等技术手段对该区碳酸盐岩储层发育带进行了预测,取得了比较好的效果.

针对塔中顺西地区碳酸盐岩储层埋藏深、类型多样、非均质性强的特点,通过对区内部分钻揭主要目的层钻井岩心、薄片及物性资料的分析,认为良里塔格组主要岩石类型为颗粒灰岩、藻粘结灰岩类;鹰山组主要岩石类型为泥晶灰岩、砂屑灰岩,储层物性表现为低孔、低渗特征,并受裂缝、断裂发育影响。"缝洞型"储集体是本区储层的主要表征,根据其组合特征可以把储层类型划分为孔洞型、裂缝型和裂缝-孔洞型。研究结果对进一步分析该区及邻区储层地震响应特征、储层发育形成机制和规律具有重要的指导意义。

A series of strike-slip faults occurr in north peri-cline area of the Tazhong Uplift in the Tarim Basin .The struc-tural styles include flower structure , parallel high-steep fault , en-echelon structure etc .In the Middle Caledonian , the Tazhong-Ⅰfault and the southern boundary fault were most active ,and the NE-trending tear faults were formed because of the differential movement of NW-trending overthrust nappe or sliding block .In the Late Caledonian ,the Tazhong uplift experienced strong oblique compression from the SE direction , which was the dynamic mechanism for the formation of strike-slip faults .This resulted in right-lateral strike-slip on the basis of basement weak zone .NE-trending strike-slip faults were formed in the tectonic setting of intraplate transpressional nature ,and were connected with the NW-trending thrust fault .In the Late Caledonian to Early Hercynian ,faults were developed in inheritance along the Middle Caledonian tear faults,and were characterized by multistage activities .The strike-slip faults not only greatly modified carbonate reser-voirs,but also controlled the development of structural trap in the Paleozoic clasitc rocks .In addition,they also acted as important pathways of hydrocarbon migration .

Well production rate is commonly predicted based on the permanence principle of traditional technical economy prediction.However,such a prediction principle has been challenged by the emergence and development of chaos theory.Unfortunately,there is little work has been done on the chaos identification and prediction of acidized well production rate.This paper presents techniques of phase space reconstruction and correlation dimension extraction,by which the 60-day time series of oil production rate from an acidized well in one oil filed in west China is investigated.It is discovered that the correlation dimension of the time series of oil production rate is 11,and the attracter's dimension is 2.64.Thus,the attracter is a strange one and the production rate varied chaotically.Furthermore,it indicates that the number of essential variables of the production variation ranges from 3 to 11.The results present quantitative reference to presenting accurate dynamic model of the production system,especially to defining the correct number of input layer nodes in ANN(artificial neural network) models.

Crosslinked polymer profile -control flooding technology is a new chemical flooding technology, which develops from polymer flooding technology.The crosslinked polymer is the gel which forms from partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM ) and crosslinker in a certain ratio and is adaptable in multi -reservoirs. The experimental results showed that crosslinked polymer profile - control flooding technology has obviously advantages compared with polymer in viscosity,heat resistance,salt tolerance,heat stability,shear restoration,residual resistance coefficient,etc.Field tests showed that crosslinked polymer profile -control flooding technology is a very efficient EOR technology,which can decrease water content and increase the yield of oil.It is necessary to promote the application in oilfield.

Jianghan Oil Production Technology Institute had developed field logging software Huance3000 and interpretation software PPI in response to the new demands for production logging instrument,meters and craftsmanship.Huance3000 can run independently of hardware,bearing fairly well adaptability to different instruments and extensibility with reserved channel interface.PPI is able to hold any interpretation chart at any time while also can convert logging data straight to text file or an interpretation curve into image format which are easy to go through and produce final image.

To stabilize oil production and enhance oil recovery continuously in Gaoqianbei block,the profile control and displacement technology of cross-link polymer is put into use.According to the reservoir characteristics and residual oil in Gaoqianbei block,the feasibility of the bulk profile control and displacement using cross-link polymer in Gaoqianbei block is analysed.At the same time,the target area is selected and 26 wells are designed for profile control and displacement. The system of profile control and displacement is also optimized.Furthermore,numerical simulation is used and economical factor is considered,and the scientific and reasonable plan is designed.The results indicate that the technology is suitable for edge-water reservoir and oil production is enhanced.