Thirteen uterine tumors were diagnosed in 13 cats and accounted for 0.29% of all feline neoplasms received during a 9.6-year period. Age at diagnosis ranged from 3 to 16 years; median 9 years. Six were Domestic Shorthair cats, and 7 were purebred cats of 5 different breeds. Eight adenocarcinomas and 1 mixed Müllerian tumor (adenosarcoma) comprised the endometrial tumors. Myometrial tumors included 3 leiomyomas and 1 leiomyosarcoma. One of the adenocarcinomas developed in the uterine stump of an ovariohysterectomized cat; the other cats were sexually intact. Concurrent mammary adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 1 cat with uterine adenocarcinoma and in another with uterine leiomyoma. Tumors were discovered during elective ovariohysterectomy in 2 cats, but at least 3 others had experienced reproductive problems (infertility or pyometra). Five cats presented for abdominal or pelvic masses. Endometrial adenocarcinomas were positive immunohistochemically for cytokeratins and negative for smooth muscle actin (SMA): 1 of 6 cats was positive for vimentin and 4 of 8 were positive for estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha). Adenosarcoma stromal cells were positive for vimentin and ER alpha but negative for cytokeratins and SMA. Smooth muscle tumors were positive for vimentin and SMA and negative for cytokeratins. Leiomyomas, but not the leiomyosarcomas, were positive for ER alpha. Adenocarcinomas in 4 cats had metastasized by the time of ovariohysterectomy. Two other cats were euthanized 5 months after ovariohysterectomy; at least one of these cats had developed an abdominal mass that was not examined histologically. Only 2 cats with endometrial adenocarcinoma had disease-free intervals longer than 5 months after surgery. Metastasis was not detected in any mesenchymal tumor; however, these cats were either euthanized on discovery of the tumor or the tumor was first detected at necropsy.

OBJECTIVE:To determine immunoreactivity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3, and -13 in cartilaginous tumors of dogs, correlate expression of MMP with histologic grade of tumors and clinical outcome of dogs, and compare MMP immunoreactivity between chondrosarcomas and chondromas.SAMPLE POPULATION:Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from samples of naturally occurring chondrosarcomas (n = 31) and chondromas (8) of dogs that were submitted to our veterinary medical diagnostic laboratory.PROCEDURE:Histologic sections from each sample were stained with H&E and monoclonal antibody to MMP-1, -3, and -13 by use of an avidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical technique. For each section, histologic grade (I, II, or III) and immunohistochemical expression (0, 1, 2, or 3) were evaluated. Clinical outcome was obtained from medical records or interviews with referring veterinarians and scored as a good outcome, moderate outcome, or poor outcome. Correlations among variables and differences between chondrosarcomas and chondromas were analyzed.RESULTS:Samples from chondrosarcomas had significantly higher immunoreactivity of MMP-1 and -13, compared with immunoreactivity in samples from chondromas. In chondrosarcomas, a significant positive correlation (r, 0.386) was found between MMP-1 and -13 immunoreactivities, and a significant negative correlation (r, -0.390) was detected between MMP-3 and -13 immunoreactivities.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:A significant increase in expression of collagenases (MMP-1 and -13) in chondrosarcomas, compared with expression in chondromas, suggests that collagenases may play an important role in tumor progression, and possibly metastasis, in chondrosarcomas of dogs.

Immunohistochemistry for thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), thyroglobulin, and calcitonin was done in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic canine thyroid glands that had been fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Prolonged fixation did not significantly alter the immunostaining for TTF-1. Staining for TTF-1 was always nuclear and usually strong. One of two C-cell adenomas, five of five follicular cell adenomas, 5 of 11 C-cell carcinomas, 38 of 42 follicular cell carcinomas, two of five cases of C-cell hyperplasia, two of two cases of follicular epithelial hyperplasia, one of two metastatic C-cell carcinomas, and three of four metastatic follicular carcinomas were positive for TTF-1. One follicular carcinoma that was positive for TTF-1 was negative for thyroglobulin. Thirty-nine of 42 follicular cell carcinomas were positive for thyroglobulin, including two cases that were negative for TTF-1. All C-cell lesions were positive for calcitonin. Of a variety of normal canine tissues and 278 nonthyroid tumors, only normal lung (airway and alveolar epithelial cells) and four of five pulmonary carcinomas were positive for TTF-1. TTF-1 is a good marker of thyroid differentiation and can be used in conjunction with thyroglobulin and calcitonin to increase the detection and differentiation of thyroid tumors and their metastases.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical and pathologic characteristics of mammary duct ectasia in dogs.DESIGNRetrospective study.ANIMALS51 dogs with mammary duct ectasia.PROCEDUREInformation regarding body condition, history, number and location of affected mammary glands, appearance of lesions, surgical treatment, nonsurgical treatment, and evidence of recurrence or development of mammary neoplasia was obtained from surveys sent to referring veterinarians. Results of information from examination of histologic sections and referring veterinarians were evaluated for all mammary duct ectasia biopsies performed between 1992 and 1999.RESULTSDuct ectasia was the primary diagnosis in 51 of 1,825 (2.8%) mammary biopsy specimens and comprised 48% of nonneoplastic mammary diseases. Affected dogs were evenly distributed over a range of 1 to 13 years of age, with a mean age at the time of diagnosis of 6.1 +/- 3.1 years. All dogs were female (31 sexually intact, 20 spayed); 10 of 26 had whelped. Duct ectasia was described as nodular (26 dogs), cystic (13), and multiglandular (11) and located in caudal (31) more often than cranial (14) or middle glands (10). Ectasia recurred in 3 dogs. One dog had a history of previously excised mammary adenocarcinoma; another subsequently developed mammary carcinoma.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCEDuct ectasia affected mature, sexually intact and spayed female dogs over a wide age range. Certain breeds were affected more commonly than expected. Increased risk for mammary neoplasia was not evident. Duct ectasia should be considered as a cause for mammary enlargement, especially in young dogs or when its cystic nature is evident. Mastectomy is usually curative, and neoplasia should be ruled out in dogs with ectasia.

The monoclonal antibody A103 to the melanocytic differentiation antigen Melan A stains human steroid-producing cells and their tumors. A total of 200 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine normal tissues and hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the adrenal gland, testis, and ovary were immunohistochemically tested for Melan A with antibody A103. Leydig cell tumors (23/23, 100%), Sertoli cell tumors (14/15, 93%), and adrenocortical adenomas (12/13, 92%) were consistently positive. Adrenocortical carcinomas (23/35, 65%) and granulosa cell tumors (10/17, 59%) were less frequently positive. All pheochromocytomas, seminomas, and dysgerminomas were negative. The pattern of staining was cytoplasmic, but nuclear staining was also frequently seen in normal Leydig cells and their tumors. As in human tumors, immunohistochemistry for Melan A stains many canine steroid-producing tumors and can be used to distinguish these tumors from those of nonstereidogenic cells.

A swine producer reported severe chemical skin burns and high death losses when a group of finisher pigs was exposed to a combination of hydrated lime and sodium bicarbonate. Hydrated lime, an alkalinizing agent commonly used in industry and agriculture, is derived from limestone. We report clinical and experimental evidence that sodium bicarbonate can intensify the caustic effects of this form of lime.

Diagnostic records from 338 canine oral melanomas in 338 dogs received at the Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (1992-1999) were reviewed. Of these tumors, 122 plus an additional 7 metastatic melanomas of unknown origin were selected for clinical follow-up, histologic review, and immunohistochemistry. Chow Chow, Golden Retriever, and Pekingese/Poodle mix breeds were overrepresented, whereas Boxer and German Shepherd breeds were underrepresented. There was no gender predisposition and the average age at presentation was 11.4 years. Forty-nine dogs were euthanized due to recurrence or metastasis. The average postsurgical survival time was 173 days. The gingiva and the labial mucosa were the most common sites. Most tumors were composed of either polygonal cells (27 cases, 20.9%), spindle cells (44 cases, 34.1%), or a mixture of the two (polygonal and spindle) (54 cases, 41.9%). Clear cell (3 cases, 2.3%) and adenoid/papillary (1 case, 0.8%) patterns were uncommon. The metastases of 6/6 oral melanomas had morphologic and immunohistochemical features similar to those of the primary tumors. Immunohistochemically, Melan A was detected in 113/122 oral (92.6%) and 5/7 (71.9%) metastatic melanomas. Only 4/163 nonmelanocytic tumors were focally and weakly positive for Melan A. Antibodies against vimentin, S100 protein, and neuron-specific enolase stained 129 (100%), 98 (76%), and 115 (89.1%) of 129 melanomas, respectively. Antibodies against other melanocytic-associated antigens (tyrosinase, glycoprotein 100) did not yield adequate staining. We conclude that Melan A is a specific and sensitive marker for canine melanomas.

Intestinal extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) are rare tumours in dogs. Three cases of canine intestinal EMP with amyloid deposits are described in this report. These tumours, which were located in the rectal submucosa, had variable numbers of well-differentiated plasma cells and fewer multinucleated giant cells of plasmacytoid and histiocytic morphology, admixed with abundant amyloid. Two cases had metaplastic cartilage and bone within the amyloid deposits. Immunohistochemically, the plasma cells of all three tumours reacted for λ-light chains of immunoglobulins but not for κ-chains, indicating monoclonality. Plasma cells of two tumours were also positive to CD79a antiserum. Amyloid deposits were labelled with an Aλ (amyloid of immunoglobulin λ-light chain origin) antiserum but not with antisera against its precursor protein, the immunoglobulin λ-light chains, indicating possible conformational changes of amyloidogenic proteins during their transformation into amyloid.

Samples from rectal plasmacytoma in three adult dogs that were diagnosed by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry were examined by electron microscopy. The most common cell type had typical plasmacytoid features. A second cell type was a plasmacytoid giant cell with single or multiple eccentric nuclei, irregular nuclear membrane, abundant and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, and numerous electron-dense granules. The third cell type was a histiocytic giant cell that intermingled with plasmacytoid cells. All three tumors had abundant amyloid, mainly in the interstitium but also within histiocytic cells and less commonly in plasma cells or plasmacytoid giant cells. Extracellular and intracellular amyloid fibrils and the contents of membrane-bound electron-dense bodies of plasma cells reacted with antibody to lambda-light chain of immunoglobulins by immunogold staining.

A 3-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was treated for left guttural pouch mycosis by ligation and balloon catheterization of the left internal carotid artery. Catheter advancement was shorter (10 cm) than the normally reported distance (13-15 cm), but was observed endoscopically during placement as it coursed within the internal carotid artery through the guttural pouch. The horse developed a persistently abnormal respiratory pattern after catheter placement, failed to gain consciousness, developed pulmonary edema, and died 5.5 hours postoperatively. Postmortem examination revealed an aberrant left internal carotid arterial course with location of the embolectomy catheter at the junction of the basilar and caudal cerebellar arteries. Brainstem neuronal necrosis and alveolar and interstitial pulmonary edema were identified on histological examination. Angiography may be used to identify aberrant branching patterns. Failure to identify and occlude aberrant branches may result in fatal epistaxis and Brainstem lesions.

Equine Veterinary JournalVolume 29, Issue 6 p. 493-496 Thoracic vertebral malformation in two horses P. J. JOHNSON, P. J. JOHNSON Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.Search for more papers by this authorGAYLE C. JOHNSON, GAYLE C. JOHNSON Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.Search for more papers by this authorL. W. PACE, L. W. PACE Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.Search for more papers by this author P. J. JOHNSON, P. J. JOHNSON Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.Search for more papers by this authorGAYLE C. JOHNSON, GAYLE C. JOHNSON Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.Search for more papers by this authorL. W. PACE, L. W. PACE Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.Search for more papers by this author First published: 23 April 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1997.tb03166.xCitations: 14AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Carew, T.J. (1983) Spinal cord II: Reflex action. In: Principles of Neural Science. Eds: E.R. Kandel and J.H. Schwartz. Elsevier/North-Holland, New York . pp 293–304. Chiapetta, J.R., Baker, J. C. and Feeney, D.A. (1985) Vertebral fracture, extensor hypertonia of thoracic limbs (Schiff-Sherrington syndrome) in an Arabian foal. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 186, 387–388. De Lahunta, A. (1983) Large animal spinal cord disease. In: Veterinary Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neurology, 2nd edn. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia . pp 215–237. Green, E.M., Kroll, R.A. and Constantinescu, G.M. (1993) Equine cerebrospinal fluid: Analysis. Comp. cont. Educ. pract. Vet. 15, 288–302. Lerner, D.J. and Riley, G. (1978) Congenital kyphoscoliosis in a foal. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 172, 274–276. Mason, B.J.E. (1971) A case of spinal cord compression causing paraplegia of a foal. Equine vet. J. 3, 155–157. Mayhew, I. G. (1989) Neurologic evaluation. In: Large Animal Neurology. A Handbook for Veterinary Clinicians. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia . pp 15–47. Mayhew, I.G., Brown, C.M., Stowe, H.D. Trapp, A.L. Derksen, F.J. and Clement, S.F. (1987) Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy: A vitamin E deficiency that may be familial. J. vet. intern. Med. 1, 45–50. Reed, S.M. and Moore, B.R. (1992) Etiology and diagnosis of developmental vertebral anomalies. In: Equine Surgery. Ed: J.A. Auer W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia . pp 565–585. Citing Literature Volume29, Issue6November 1997Pages 493-496 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Five adult horses presented with acute clinical signs of watery diarrhea, excessive salivation, muscle tremors, ataxia, and depression. Four died within 24 hours and the fifth was euthanatized approximately 48 hours after onset of clinical signs. Necropsy findings in two of the horses included hyperemia of gastric mucosa, intestines filled with green to black watery fluid, and multifocal to coalescing, hemorrhagic 1.0-2.0-cm-diameter ulcers of the mucosa of the cecum and large colon. Histopathologic changes in the cecum and large colon consisted of mucosal necrosis and ulceration, vascular thrombosis, necrosis of submucosal blood vessels, and infiltration by mixed mononuclear inflammatory cells and neutrophils. Arsenic toxicosis was suspected. The owner had not been feeding the horses any grain; however a mixture of grain and pink powder was found in the pasture. Liver arsenic concentrations in the two horses were 14.0 and 11.0 ppm, a sample of renal cortex contained 108 ppm arsenic, and the grain/powder mixture found in the pasture was positive for arsenic at >3,000 ppm. Kidney lead concentrations were 6.5 and 4.2 ppm. Results were consistent with lead arsenate or lead arsenite poisoning.

is rapidly increasing. A thorough knowledge of specific diseases, pathologic conditions, and predisposing factors is necessary for effective care of these animals. Further research into this and other conditions unique to llamas is necessary to determine the significance and impact of these conditions on the North American llama population. The high frequency of 1 tumor type, especially in a species with apparent low recorded tumor incidence, may indicate a significant predisposition of this genus for gastric squamous cell carcinoma. Acknowledgements. We thank Drs. Ann M. Dickson and Aubrey N. Baird for providing some of the case material. This is publication no. 2533, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL.

Small-intestinal submucosal fibrosis was identified in a 14-year-old Appaloosa mare admitted for evaluation of weight loss and a 9-year-old Quarter Horse gelding referred for treatment of diarrhea. Although intestinal fibrosis had likely caused weight loss in the mare, it was an incidental finding in the gelding and represented an earlier stage or less severe manifestation of the disease. intestinal fibrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of weight loss, recurrent colic, and progressive debility. Although this syndrome had been diagnosed only in horses in a small, geographically discrete area of Colorado, our findings indicate that diagnosis of intestinal fibrosis should not be restricted to horses in Colorado. Small-intestinal malabsorption might not be identified by D-xylose absorption tests in horses with small-intestinal fibrosis. Intestinal fibrosis should be considered when small intestinal thickening can be detected by abdominal palpation per rectum.

Objective-To evaluate the histologic pattern and biomechanical properties of adhesions caused by chromic catgut and polypropylene sutures, using an enteropexy model.Design-Enteropexies were created in dogs, using chromic catgut and polypropylene suture. The adhesions associated with the enteropexies were examined histologically and mechanically.Animals-6 mixed-breed dogs weighing 16 to 20 kg.Procedure-72 enteropexies were created between the jejunum and abdominal wall. 36 sites were sutured with chromic catgut, and 36 were sutured with polypropylene. 3 dogs were euthanatized after 1 week. The remaining dogs were euthanatized after 1 month. Samples of the enteropexy sites were obtained for histologic examination. The remaining sites were mechanically distracted until failure of the enteropexy site or adjacent tissue occurred.Results-Histologic examination of the enteropexy sites did not reveal substantial differences in the degree of inflammation between the 2 suture types at 1 week or 1 month. The degree of inflammation decreased and the maturity of fibrous tissue formed at the enteropexy sites increased for all specimens over time. No statistically significant difference in breaking strength was observed between suture types at 1 week or 1 month.Conclusion-In dogs, the formation and strength of intentionally created abdominal adhesions are not increased by use of chromic catgut.Clinical Relevance-Selection of chromic catgut suture for use in surgical procedures where adhesions are desired is unwarranted.

Equine Veterinary EducationVolume 7, Issue 2 p. 64-66 Salmonella septicaemia with pulmonary abscesses and osteomyelitis in a foal L. W. Pace, L. W. Pace Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.Search for more papers by this authorD. A. Wilson, D. A. Wilson Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.Search for more papers by this authorW. H. Fales, W. H. Fales Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.Search for more papers by this authorT. Messer, T. Messer Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.Search for more papers by this authorJ. C. Lattimer, J. C. Lattimer Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.Search for more papers by this authorGloria L. Matthews, Gloria L. Matthews Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.Search for more papers by this author L. W. Pace, L. W. Pace Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.Search for more papers by this authorD. A. Wilson, D. A. Wilson Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.Search for more papers by this authorW. H. Fales, W. H. Fales Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.Search for more papers by this authorT. Messer, T. Messer Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.Search for more papers by this authorJ. C. Lattimer, J. C. Lattimer Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.Search for more papers by this authorGloria L. Matthews, Gloria L. Matthews Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.Search for more papers by this author First published: April 1995 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.1995.tb01191.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume7, Issue2April 1995Pages 64-66 RelatedInformation

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma was diagnosed in seven cats from biopsy specimens received at the University of Missouri Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory during a 4-year period from 1987-1991. Tissue blocks from formalin-fixed specimens were resectioned and stained for type I (AE1) and type II (AE3) cytokeratins, desmin, S100 protein, vimentin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin by the avidin biotin peroxidase complex method with diaminobenzidine (DAB) chromogen. None of the tumors stained positively for alpha 1-antitrypsin. Four of seven of the tumors had similar immunohistochemical staining results, with positive staining for type I and type II cytokeratins, desmin, S100 protein, and vimentin. Of the remaining three, one stained positively only for S100 protein and vimentin; one stained positively for vimentin only; and one was negative for all six antigens. Based only on immunohistochemical staining results, three of the tumors could possibly be reclassified: one as a melanoma, one as a probable fibrosarcoma, and one as unknown. These results also indicate that feline malignant fibrous histiocytomas show a diversity of intermediate filament expression, as do human tumors. Our results also do not support the theory that malignant fibrous histiocytomas are of histiocytic origin.

Dose dependent pulmonary lesions of acute bronchopneumonia were induced in male, outbred Swiss Webster mice by intrabronchial inoculation of Pasteurella haemolytica. Five exponential dilutions ranging from 5 x 10(4) to 5 x 10(8) colony forming units per mL (CFU/mL) of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 were inoculated into five groups of mice. Mice were killed by cervical dislocation 24 hours postinoculation. Pulmonary lesions occurred in mice of all five groups, however, 5 x 10(7) CFU/mL was the minimal dose which consistently produced lesions. Focal parenchymal necrosis, suppurative bronchiolitis, and flooding of interalveolar septa and alveoli by edema fluid, fibrin, neutrophils and macrophages, were observed microscopically. We conclude that outbred Swiss Webster mice can be used as a model for the study of selected disease mechanisms of acute lung inflammation and that this model may be used to determine some of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of pulmonary lesions in bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis.