Background: Estrus detection by observing behavioral signs are time consuming and ineffective method that causes approximately 21 days loss with a significant financial consequence. This study highlights the value of electrical resistance of vaginal mucus (ERVM) during estrus and its association with genital changes, follicle diameter and first service conception rate (FSCR) in crossbred cows. Methods: A total of 400 cows were selected from different states of North-East, India, out of which 200 numbers of cows were examined to determine the ERVM value prior to artificial insemination (AI) by using Draminski estrus detector.The remaining 200 number of animals were examined for studying the association of ERVM with genital changes, follicle diameter and FSCR.The ERVM value obtained prior to AI was divided into three groups such as 150-200 (Group I), 201-250(Group II) and 251-290 (Group III) ohm, comprising 50 animals in each group. A control groups comprising 50 animals were kept in the study.The genital changes were recorded by transrectal palpation and follicle diameters were recorded by using transrectal ultrasonographic (USG) probe. Result: The mean ERVM value prior to AI was 196.26±1.25 ohm.The lowest ERVM value (150-200 and 201-250 ohm) was closely associated with free flowing vaginal discharge, open cervix, moderate tone of uterus and mature graffian follicle.The follicles diameters were differed significantly between groups. The FSCR was found to be higher when the cows were inseminated at ERVM value from 201-250 ohm. The result suggested that, ERVM value can be consider as a suitable tool for detection of proper time of AI in cows.

Background: Reproductive performance is one of the major determinants for the economic improvement of a dairy farm. Endometritis and other uterine complications cause decrease the pregnancy rate. In this study, the genital changes and haemato-biochemical profile of crossbred dairy cows affected with endometritis was studied to evolve a suitable treatment protocol in order to improve reproductive efficiency. Methods: Crossbred cow affected with endometritis were selected based on mucopurulent vaginal discharge at estrus and tested positive for white side test. Animals were divided randomly into 8 groups with 24 animals in each group. Different therapeutic regimens fortified with supportive treatment were opted. The therapeutic regimens were supportive therapy having bypass fat, vitamins and minerals, Lugol’s iodine, Lugol’s iodine with supportive therapy, intrauterine (IU) antibiotic, IU antibiotic with supportive therapy, E. coli. LPS, E. coli. LPS with supportive therapy and control group respectively. Efficacy of each treatment regimen was based on first service conception rate (FSCR). Result: Of all the therapeutic regimens, fortification of Lugol’s iodine with supportive therapy resulted in higher FSCR (83.33%) indicating better applicability as a treatment tool for endometritis in crossbred cows.

Background: Study on the reproductive health of dogs is a matter of concern since it affects the existence of future generation. There are various reproductive ailments that may affect a dog in its lifetime. The present study was aimed to find out the incidence of different reproductive disorders in canine populations reported at the Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC), College of Veterinary Science, Guwahati, India in respect of breed, age, sex and season. Methods: The study was conducted on canine populations reported at the VCC, College of Veterinary Science, Guwahati, India during the period from 1/03/2016 to 28/02/2021. Clinical cases were grouped based on their breed, age, sex and the season and the type of various reproductive ailments and their incidence was worked out. Result: The overall incidence of reproductive disorders in dogs was 2.45%. Labradors had the maximum incidence of reproductive ailments (24.79%) followed by local breeds (17.52%) and the least was in Dachshund (2.56%). The animals under the age group 1.1 to 4.0 years appeared to have the highest incidence (47.86%) of reproductive ailments and the lowest (12.39%) was in 10.1 to 13.0 years of age group. The highest incidence of reproductive ailments was recorded in female dogs (96.15%). In canine population, summer resulted in higher (35.86%) incidence of reproductive disorders.

Background: Postpartum anoestrus is the most devastating cause of the dairy farming which causes more economic losses to the farmers. The present study was conducted to record the incidence of postpartum anoestrus and to evolve a suitable therapeutic regime for addressing postpartum anoestrus in Lakhimi cows. Methods: A total of 1000 Lakhimi cows maintained in different villages of Assam were selected and the incidence rate was recorded on the basis of breeding records provided by the farmers, per-rectal examination and ultrasonography screening of genital organ. To study the effect of hormonal and nutritional interventions in post partum anoestrus cows, the cows were divided randomly into seven groups comprising twelve animals in each group. The different treatment regimes were Hydroxyprogesterone caproate + eCG, Clomiphene citrate alone, Clomiphene citrate + Mineral mixture, GnRH analogue alone, GnRH analogue + Mineral mixture, Mineral mixture alone and control. The response to different treatment regimes was based on oestrus response, mean interval from the end of treatment to onset of oestrus and conception rate. Result: The incidence of postpartum anoestrus was found to be 20.60%. Clomiphene citrate + Mineral mixture administration regime brought about the highest oestrus induction response (100.00%) and conception rate (66.67%).

A female Great Dane was presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC) showing symptoms of mucopurulent white vaginal discharge. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) with open cervix pyometra was diagnosed based on history, clinical examination, complete blood count, biochemical test and ultrasonography. Initially, the animal was treated with ceftriaxone @ 15 mg/kg body weight (BW) and supportive fluid therapy for the next 5 days, there was no improvement in the clinical condition of the bitch. Pan hysterectomy was performed under dissociative anaesthesia.

A total of 150 ejaculates, 10 from each of 15 swamp buffalo bulls comprising each group 5 animals were used in the study to observe the seasonal effect in sperm biochemical and semen quality. Methods: Clinical and andrological examinations, and monitoring of semen production and quality were carried out on fifteen mature, healthy swamp buffalo bulls in North East India. Seminal characteristics were compared between three seasons of the year (Summer, March-June; Monsoon, i.e. July-September; Autumn, i.e. October-November and winter, i.e. November-February) with distinct ambient temperature and humidity. Results: All bulls were diagnosed as clinically healthy and with good libido throughout the period of study. Ejaculate volume, mass activity, HOST and acrosomal integrity differ significantly (P < 0.05-0.001) between all seasons, whereas initial sperm motility, sperm concentration and abnormalities did not differ significantly. The total protein, total cholesterol and total lipid of seminal plasma of swamp buffalo semen differ significantly between all the seasons. In conclusion, climatic changes did not seem to largely affect semen sperm output or viability, although the proportions of some semen characteristics and biochemical constituents altered season wise. Conclusion: Seasonal changes moderately appear to cause deleterious changes in sperm quality in swamp buffalo.

Large ruminants suffering from Cervicovaginal prolapse is often comes across by veterinarians. Ruminants like Cattle and Buffalo may suffer from cervico vaginal prolapsed. Extensive elaboration of incidence and symptoms in cows has been documented (Roberts, 1971 and Arthur et al., 1989). Suturing the vulvar lips using various suture patterns although present initial eversion of vagina into the vestibule is difficult to achieve. The present study was carried out to evaluate the clinical management of Cervico-vaginal prolapse in a pregnant cow by application of retention sutures.

A four years old Crossbred cow was presented in Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex (TVCC) showing the signs of continuous straining. An attempt to deliver the fetus by manual handling was performed in field but only the fore limbs of the fetus could be retracted from the birth canal. Upon failing to deliver the fetus, the case was referred to TVCC, Khanapara. A thorough examination revealed the condition was also associated with feto-pelvic disproportion leading to inability to deliver the fetus. The case was subjected for immediate Cesarean Section. The animal showed progressive signs of recovery on 7th day onwards with normal body temperature, appetite, stool and urine.

Conjoined twins refer to the fetuses that are born physically connected to each other. These often result in dystocia at the time of parturition. The present case deals with the similar findings, in which dystocia due to sternopagus conjoined twins in a Murrah buffalo was reported. After critical analysis and proper diagnosis, it was decided to manage the obstetrical emergency by fetotomy. The non-surgical technique proved fruitful which led to the delivery of sternopagus conjoined twin monster and thus, the case was managed successfully through partial fetotomy.

Lanatana camara is a noxious weed found in tropical and subtropical regions including south East Asia. A bull was brought to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, C.V. Sc., A.A.U. from North Guwahati area with a history of ingestion of leaves of this noxious plant showing signs of intoxication viz. diarrhea, weakness, liver damage and photosensitization. The liver enzyme levels were also recorded to be very high. Based on history, clinical signs and biochemical parameters, it was diagnosed to be a case of Lantana camara poisoning the bull was treated with supportive therapy and provided proper care and management for recovery. Results revealed that post treatment with supportive therapy, there was significant improvement in the condition of the affected animal with symptoms receding and the animal gradually returning to normalcy. From this case study it can be inferred that proper and timely supportive treatment is effective in ameliorating signs of Lantana camara poisoning. However, preventive measures should always be put in place which can significantly help in averting the occurrence of poisoning.

A full term pluriparous doe was presented with dystocia due to fetal abnormality. The fetus was found to be anasarcous and successful per-vaginal delivery of the anasarcic foetus was done.

Four Swamp buffalo bulls aged 5 to 8 years were used to study the fresh semen as well as biochemical characteristics. A total of 60 ejaculates comprising 15 from each bull evaluated for fresh semen characteristics and a total of 40 ejaculates comprising 10 from each bull were used for evaluation and biochemical characterization. For Biochemical constituents of semen the AST and ALT activities, total protein, total cholesterol and total lipid concentration were estimated in seminal plasma of fresh semen and the overall mean values of the AST and ALT activities and total protein, total cholesterol and total lipid concentration were 26.05±0.74 U/L, 49.14±1.72 U/L, 3.44±0.02 mg/ml, 23.12±0.65 mg/dl and 2.20±0.07 mg/ml respectively in seminal plasma of fresh semen. The sperm membrane extract and seminal plasma proteins of fresh semen characterized by SDS-PAGE. Seven protein bands in seminal plasma and eight protein bands were identified in sperm membrane extract of the Swamp buffalo semen.

Fetal mummification is characterized by resorption of fetal fluids and dehydration of fetal tissue leading to wrapping of uterus around fetus along with persistence luteal tissue. It usually occurs in late gestation after ossification of the bones. Present case discussed the whelping of mummified fetus along with normal live fetuses at the time of parturition.

An outbreak of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) had occurred in Khanapara area of Guwahati district, Assam. A total of 25 numbers of goats were found to be affected with PPR revealing characteristic signs of respiratory distress, high fever, anorexia, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, reluctance to move and so forth. Extremely high rate of morbidity (100%) was recorded in the affected animals. Following prompt treatment, the mortality rate was reduced to 12.5% with complete recovery being observed in 7 days time. The present study attempts to provide fresh insights into the various effective treatment protocols that are available and also the preventive measures that must be put in place to curb PPR outbreak.