Receiver-side converted earthquake waves, commonly known as receiver functions (RFs), have long been employed for deep earth structure investigations. However, challenges persist when attempting to achieve highresolution imaging of shallow (e.g., basin-scale) subsurface features using RFs. In this study, we present a novel multichannel blind deconvolution approach for computing RFs from regional earthquake data recorded at a dense receiver network. The proposed multichannel deconvolution model considers both the RFs and source wavelets of the earthquakes as unknown and derives them by solving a linearized and overdetermined equation system in the frequency domain. Compared to conventional single-station RF, a main advantage of this approach is its reduced sensitivity to noise. We apply the multichannel blind deconvolution method to a regional earthquake dataset from a nodal array deployed above the 2016 M5 Cushing (Oklahoma, US) earthquake sequence. The resulting RF profiles clearly depicts a conversion at ca. 1.1 km depth, showing a good fit with the expected basement depths in that region. Furthermore, the RF profiles do not show vertical displacement across the fault, confirming the Cushing fault as a sharply delineated strike-slip fault.

This study maps the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven risk management and safety research in construction through a bibliometric and science-mapping review of Scopus-indexed journal articles published between 2000 and 2025. From 398 records, screening yielded 272 English-language documents and 177 final journal articles. Performance analysis used Microsoft Excel, OpenRefine, and biblioMagika, while science mapping used the Bibliometrix R package and VOSviewer, supported by manual verification of AI-assisted synthesis. The study integrates performance indicators, network analysis, thematic validation, and gap-oriented interpretation to extend previous bibliometric research on occupational safety and health. Results show a shift from early sensor-based monitoring towards predictive analytics, computer vision, wearable systems, digital twins, conversational AI, and autonomous inspection. Seven clusters were identified: AI safety frameworks; predictive analytics and risk modelling; real-time monitoring and machine safety; worker health monitoring; socio-technical and ethical AI; AI-based safety training and virtual environments; and autonomous inspection. The findings emphasise a transition from reactive practices to proactive, data-driven safety management. Overall, the review provides a structured framework for advancing safer, smarter, and more resilient construction operations.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure all people enjoy peace and prosperity. The built environment plays a significant role in achieving these goals. Recognizing this and embracing the role the UN played in establishing CIB, the theme of this World Building Congress is “sustainable built environment – the role of the construction community in meeting the UN SDGs”. This research evaluated the 2022 World Building Congress proceedings for their connection to the UN SDGs. A literature review, the UN SDG definations, and knowledge of the goals in relationship to the built environment helped to establish working definition for each SDG in relation to the built environment. Each published paper was evaluated for their implicit or explicit connection to each of the 16 UN SDGs. To ensure reliability and validity of the apporach, two independent raters evaluated five papers jointly and then ten papers independtly with results compared. The most frequently cited SDGs was SDG 9 Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure. Two-hundred and twenty of the three-hundred and one 2022 WBC proceedings papers reviewed were judged as being linked to a UN SDG. Eleven WBC Proceeding specifically mentioned UN SDGs. Each paper in the 2025 WBC will self-identify their primary and secondary UN SDG goal. Therefore, this research helps set a historical precedent of how CIB WBC papers have been connected to UN SDGs and establishes a methodology by which previous WBCs could also be analyzed.

A 3D seismic tomographic data set for both P- and S-wave velocity models has been acquired in an urban setting to assist geomechanical modelling for subsurface excavation. The area poses challenging logistical constraints, but also offers possibilities for an advantageous non-conventional receiver-source geometry, which in turn required creative acquisition design approaches. High-precision geodetic surveys were also necessary to guarantee accuracy of the seismic models, given the small observation distances and high velocities in the hard rock lithology. The seismic velocity models were converted to elastic moduli for an assessment of the stability of the rock mass prior to the excavation.

Construction is one of the most hazardous industries, characterized by high numbers of injuries and deaths. Despite employers implementing various safety programs to mitigate risks, these programs often entail high costs and inefficiencies. This article explores the utilization of safety nudges as a cost-effective and minimally disruptive solution to enhance safety performance in the construction industry. A survey was conducted among 108 industry participants to gather data on their attitudes and experiences regarding safety nudges. The core of the questionnaire consisted of four questions aimed at assessing perceptions and recommendations regarding the use of safety nudges. The results indicate that safety nudges hold promise as an approach for improving safety in construction, and many professionals believe in utilizing them in their safety routines. Construction companies should consider integrating safety nudges into their safety management strategies. Therefore, several practical safety nudges are presented in this article. Their implementation can enhance safety performance and reduce costs associated with traditional safety training programs. This study represents the first formal examination of construction safety nudges, providing inspiration for future research on this topic. Future research should focus on exploring different types of safety nudges and their effectiveness in diverse contexts and situations.

Knowledge of the midcontinent crustal structure of North America is crucial for understanding the evolutionary history of the ancient North American craton as Laurentia grew through accretion similar to 1.5 Ga to 1 Ga. Although Oklahoma has been recognized as a tectonically stable region since the Phanerozoic, its crustal structure records the earlier formation of the Mazatzal and southern Granite-Rhyolite provinces 1.6 Ga to 1.4 Ga. We present results from teleseismic receiver function analysis applied to 221 events recorded on 169 broadband stations in central Oklahoma. Our findings include a Moho depth map of central Oklahoma based on stacked and depth-converted teleseismic P receiver functions. The results are interpreted together with gravimetric and magnetic datasets and a recently established seismic velocity model of the crust. The Moho map shows a generally flat crust-mantle boundary in central Oklahoma with an average depth of 43.5 km while we observe a sudden thickening on the crust of the northwestern part of Oklahoma where the Moho deepens to over 50 km depth. We also find a Mid-lithosphere discontinuity at the upper-most mantle in north-central Oklahoma, presented as a negative phase deepening southeastward from 60 km to 80 km. We further observe an intracrustal discontinuity at the Nemaha uplift and Anadarko shelf regions in a depth range of 17-30 km. The hypothesis of the Mid-continent Rift (MCR) extending into Oklahoma is examined in terms of the crustal structure and Moho depth variation revealed by receiver functions. We do not find evidence of Moho structure or lower-crustal underplay characteristics similar to what has been discovered in the northern part of MCR, but the intracrustal discontinuity that deepens towards the hypothesized MCR region suggests upper-crustal volcanics potentially caused by the extended expansion regime of the failed rift near the south-most termination.

PurposeWith proper design and work planning, falls through fragile skylights are preventable. Skylights pose a hazard to workers when their work tasks for operations, maintenance and repair require them to be on roofs. The National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety produced guidelines and special alerts to address the dangers that are present around skylights, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations have prescriptive requirements for work performed around skylights, and yet incidents still occur. The purpose of this study is to investigate and raise awareness for the causality of the incidents involving skylights in the USA.Design/methodology/approachThe authors investigated and analyzed 204 incidents involving skylights recorded by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to characterize their nature and to determine any correlation with the roof environment or the nature of the work performed. Using Google Earth and Google Maps roof geometry, proximity of skylights to roof edge and rooftop mechanical equipment was determined.FindingsThe majority of falls through skylights occur during roof maintenance and repair activities. Falls through skylights are underreported. Because of a general lack of good design to reduce or eliminate the risk of falling through skylights, facility managers carry the burden to properly assess work and access on roofs where fragile skylights are present.Originality/valueThe phenomenon of falling through skylights was made aware on a national level in the USA in 1989; however, little has been done from a design and planning perspective to reduce these incidents. This paper presents a unique perspective on the role of facility managers in understanding the hazards associated with roof maintenance near skylights.

Transverse cracking is a major problem in some asphalt pavements in Northwest Oklahoma. Assessment of repair strategies was needed to optimize maintenance and rehabilitation of the existing pavement. Therefore, in this study, the effectiveness of two transverse crack repair methods, namely (1) trenching and patching using hot mix asphalt and (2) trenching and patching using Fibrecrete, was evaluated. The eastbound lane and shoulder of US-270 in Harper County, Oklahoma, were repaired using these repair methods. Performance of these repaired sections was evaluated for a year using physical inspection, falling weight deflectometer, ground penetrating radar, Face Dipstick, and Pave3D 8K. An evaluation of the "do no repair" scenario was considered to document the improvement of the proposed repair methods. In addition, several alternative rehabilitation options were recommended. Furthermore, a life cycle cost analysis was performed, and the most economical solution was identified.

High-resolution passive seismic imaging of shallow subsurface structures is often challenged by the scarcity of coherent body-wave energy in ambient noise recorded at surface stations. We show that the autocorrelation (AC) of teleseismic P-wave coda extracted from just one month of continuous recording at 5 Hz geophones can overcome this limitation. We apply this method to investigate the longitudinal subsurface bedrock structure evolution. Both fluvial and glacial processes have been proposed to explain the canyon's genesis and morphology. The teleseismic P-wave coda AC retrieves zero-offset reflections from the shallow (200-500 m depth) basement interface at 120 stations along a 5 km long profile. In addition, we invert interferometrically retrieved surface-wave dispersion for the shear-wave structure of the sedimentary fill. Combined interpretation of these results and other geophysical and well data suggests an overdeepened basement geometry most consistent with glacial processes.

Geomechanics and TunnellingVolume 15, Issue 1 Annual table of contents / JahresinhaltsverzeichnisFree Access Annual table of contents: Geomechanics and Tunneling 2021 Jahresinhaltsverzeichnis: Geomechanics and Tunneling 2021 First published: 17 February 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/geot.202270110AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume15, Issue1February 2022 RelatedInformation

Fatigue cracking is one of the major structural distresses in flexible pavements. In this study, probable causes of fatigue cracking were investigated using field and laboratory testing and In this study, probable causes of fatigue cracking were investigated using field ang laboratory testing and AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design (PMED) simulations. Field tests including Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD), and Dynamic Cone Penetration (DCP) were performed on a flexible pavement section of US 412 located in Noble County, Oklahoma. Also, asphalt cores and soil samples were collected for laboratory testing. The GPR test results revealed significant delamination in the asphalt layer. Also, the GPR images indicated that the disturbance zone was confined within the asphalt layer and cracks were generated from surface as well as from existing pavement layers below. The DCP and FWD test results indicated that the pavement section was not structurally adequate to support traffic and needed rehabilitation in the near future. The moduli of the asphalt layers were found to be quite low, indicating improper compaction during construction. Also, the densities of the top-lifts of the asphalt cores were found to be low. Moreover, the cracking resistance of the extracted asphalt cores was poor based on the Illinois flexibility index test results. Superpave Performance Grade of the extracted binder indicated excessive aging of the binder because of long exposure to the environment. The brittleness of mix resulting from aging was considered a potential contributor to fatigue cracking of the pavement at this site. A parametric study was conducted to understand the variation of fatigue cracking with the changes in input properties in PMED, namely pavement structural components and material properties. Pavement thickness, roadway densities, and layer moduli of existing underlying pavement were found as the most influential factors. The findings of the parametric study supported the findings of the field and laboratory investigation.

Unaweep Canyon (Uncompahgre Plateau, Colorado) represents an enigmatic landscape with a complex evolution. Interpretations for its origin have ranged from ancestral fluvial erosion in the late Cenozoic to glacial erosion in the Paleozoic, or some combination thereof, with significant implications for global climatic and large‐scale tectonic reconstructions. To address the conflicting interpretations, we acquired a high‐resolution seismic reflection profile to investigate the depth, structure, and sedimentary infill in the canyon. The data set is further complemented with an electrical resistivity survey. Integrated with other geophysical and geological data, the results show an overdeepened Precambrian basement with transverse U shape and support the hypothesis of a pre‐Quaternary glacial origin. Our data constitute the first detailed image of a buried pre‐Quaternary glacial valley in North America; if substantiated with core studies, these results have far‐reaching implications for our understanding of global ice houses as well as the tectonic conditions, enabling preservation of such systems.

AbstractFor seismic ahead‐of‐the‐face prediction in tunnelling, sources with known properties are usually used, which, however, are not compatible with NATM. In order to integrate geophysical exploration into conventional tunnelling, the feasibility of construction machinery for generating seismic source signals was investigated. Passive monitoring during conventional tunnelling was used to analyse the seismic signals. Different radiation characteristics of drilling, blasting and bouldering could be identified and their characteristics regarding range and spectrum of the signal could be determined. In subsequent system tests, various machines used in NATM tunnelling were examined for their suitability as sources. The sensor positioning for source signal pickup was evaluated by stroke tests and during ongoing tunnelling operations. For the registration of the waves in the rock mass, different receivers with different geometries were used to characterize the wave field emitted to the front or side of the sources. In addition, the necessary processing steps were determined in order to make these signals usable for an ahead‐of‐the‐face exploration. The results and data form a basis for further development into a practical technical solution for conventional tunnel construction.

Climate warming coupled with local disturbances within lakes is an accelerating global problem. This issue is acute at Lake Tanganyika (eastern Africa), where warming and overfishing have resulted in declining rates of pelagic fish catches and structural damage to diverse littoral cichlid communities. This deterioration has fueled demand for alternative livelihoods, and thus conversion of shoreline-adjacent forests to agricultural fields and oil palm orchards, which in turn heightens the threat of siltation on nearshore benthic habitats. The spatial variability of sediment pollution is unknown, however, posing a barrier to effective conservation. This paper assesses the spatial patterns of nearshore sediment accumulation within the Tuungane Project co-managed area of Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania. Analysis of lead-210 data show that the mean nearshore mass-based sediment accumulation rate is 0.06 g * cm(-2) * year(-1) (g cm(-2) yr(-1)) across six sites adjacent to deforested watersheds, double the mean rate (0.03 g cm(-2) yr(-1)) at a comparable but undisturbed control site. Spatial variance among rates is best explained by distance to deltaic point sources and bathymetric gradients. Data documenting carbon flux demonstrate that organic matter burial is higher in surface sediments offshore from deforested watersheds, consistent with onshore land use changes that promote erosion. Knowledge of sediment pollution patterns, coupled with maps of rocky benthic habitats, provide the necessary framework for effective conservation planning of fisheries in the present era of accelerated human interactions with the lake and its watershed. Findings provide a model for improved integrated management practices in large tropical artisanal fisheries in other parts of Africa. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

For seismic ahead‐of‐the‐face prediction in tunnelling, sources with known properties are usually used, which, however, are not compatible with NATM. In order to integrate geophysical exploration into conventional tunnelling, the feasibility of construction machinery for generating seismic source signals was investigated. Passive monitoring during conventional tunnelling was used to analyse the seismic signals. Different radiation characteristics of drilling, blasting and bouldering could be identified and their characteristics regarding range and spectrum of the signal could be determined. In subsequent system tests, various machines used in NATM tunnelling were examined for their suitability as sources. The sensor positioning for source signal pickup was evaluated by stroke tests and during ongoing tunnelling operations. For the registration of the waves in the rock mass, different receivers with different geometries were used to characterize the wave field emitted to the front or side of the sources. In addition, the necessary processing steps were determined in order to make these signals usable for an ahead‐of‐the‐face exploration. The results and data form a basis for further development into a practical technical solution for conventional tunnel construction.

Interferometric retrieval of body waves from ambient noise recorded at surface stations is usually challenged by the dominance of surface-wave energy, in particular in settings dominated by anthropogenic activities (e.g., natural resource exploitation, traffic, and infrastructure construction). As a consequence, ambient noise imaging of shallow structures such as sedimentary layers remains a difficult task for sparse and irregularly distributed receiver networks. We have determined how polarization filtering can be used to automatically extract steeply inclined compressional waves (P-waves) from continuous 3C recordings, and, in turn, it improves passive body-wave imaging. Being a single-station approach, the technique does not rely on a dense receiver array and is therefore well suited for data collected during surveillance monitoring for tasks such as reservoir hydraulic stimulation, CO2 sequestration, and wastewater disposal injection. We apply the method on a continuous data set acquired in the Wellington oilfield (Kansas, US), where local and regional seismicity and other forms of ambient noise provide an abundant source of surface- and body-wave energy recorded at 15 short-period receivers. We use autocorrelation (AC) to derive the shallow (<1 km) reflectivity structure below the receiver array and validate our workflow and results with well logs and active seismic data. Ray-tracing analysis and waveform modeling indicate that converted shear waves need to be taken into account for realistic ambient noise body-wave source distributions because they can be projected on the vertical component and might lead to misinterpretation of the P-wave reflectivity structure. Overall, our study suggests that polarization filtering significantly improves passive body-wave imaging on AC and interstation crosscorrelation. It reduces the impact of time-varying noise source distributions and is therefore also potentially useful for time-lapse ambient noise interferometry.

The southern Granite‐Rhyolite province (SGRP) contains a comprehensive record of lithospheric evolution in North America. During the last decade, increased seismicity along with improved seismic monitoring in Oklahoma provided a rich catalog of local earthquakes. The source‐receiver geometry of this data set is well posed to illuminate the middle and lower crust through long offset recordings of the Pg phase. We present a 3‐D P‐wave velocity model for central and northern Oklahoma developed through a non‐standard processing scheme applied to local earthquake waveforms recorded from 2010 to 2017, focusing on the deeper crust. We employed common mid‐point sorting, stacking, and inversion of Pg phases which resulted in a set of localized velocity‐depth functions up to depths of 40 km. Using this methodology, we significantly increased the S/N ratio for far offset (∼200 km) local earthquake waveforms which led to the increase in depth of investigation in the final 3‐D velocity model. We find high velocity (>7 km/s) lower crust throughout the investigated area which suggests a mafic lower crust. The high velocities support previously established models which state that the lower crust of the SGRP was derived from melting of older crust. We further relate shallow and middle crustal velocity anomalies to other data sets such as gravimetric and magnetic anomalies, and the spatial distribution of earthquakes. We do not find clear evidence for the existence of the Midcontinent Rift in northern Oklahoma.