Lebak swamp areas in South Sumatra represent a strategic land resource for agricultural development and food security; however, their utilization remains constrained by variability in soil characteristics and hydrological conditions. This study aims to analyze soil physicochemical characteristics, classify soils based on Soil Taxonomy, and examine the relationship between soil taxonomy and lebak swamp typologies. The research was conducted through field surveys, soil profile description, soil sampling, and laboratory analyses. The results indicate that the total area of lebak swamp reaches approximately ±430,731 ha, which can be classified into five main typologies: shallow lebak, levee (pematang), middle lebak, deep lebak, and lebung. The soils are generally characterized by acidic conditions (pH 3.5-5.5), high organic carbon content (2.5-8.0%), moderate to high total nitrogen, and low available phosphorus (5-15 ppm). Based on Soil Taxonomy, the soils are classified into Entisols, Inceptisols, Histosols, and partly Gelisols, with distinct distributions across lebak typologies. Deep lebak and lebung areas are predominantly occupied by organic soils (Histosols), whereas shallow lebak and levee areas are dominated by young mineral soils (Entisols and Inceptisols). These findings demonstrate a clear relationship between hydrological typology and soil development, which can serve as a basis for zoning and sustainable management of lebak swamp land, particularly in determining suitable crops and soil amelioration strategies.

Psychological well-being is understood differently across cultural contexts, yet many culturally grounded frameworks remain conceptually described rather than empirically tested. One such framework is Pancawaluya, a Sundanese indigenous model that defines well-being through five core values: Cageur (physical and mental health), Bageur (kindness and prosocial conduct), Bener (moral integrity), Pinter (knowledge and wisdom), and Singer (creativity and adaptability). Although these values are widely recognized in Sundanese philosophy and practice, their structure as a measurable psychological construct has not been systematically validated. This study examined the factor structure and internal consistency of the Pancawaluya Scale using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Data were collected from 305 respondents and analyzed using LISREL. The results supported a five-factor model with satisfactory model fit indices (RMSEA = 0.031; CFI = 0.985; GFI = 0.958). Composite reliability indicated strong internal consistency, while AVE values suggested acceptable convergent validity for an indigenous construct in an early validation stage. The findings indicate that Pancawaluya can be operationalized as a coherent indigenous well-being construct. Its dimensions are theoretically discussed in relation to Islamic counseling principles, suggesting conceptual alignment in moral and spiritual values. This study provides an initial empirical foundation for future culturally grounded counseling research.

Peatlands are carbon-rich ecosystems that represent the largest terrestrial carbon store and play a critical role in climate regulation. However, increasing human disturbances have significantly degraded peatlands, making their restoration a global priority. Despite its importance, efforts to estimate global peat carbon stocks remain constrained by the lack of standardized definitions of peatlands. This study aims to examine how variations in peatland definitions influence long-term ecosystem restoration strategies. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative survey data and qualitative interviews with local stakeholders. The analysis integrates descriptive statistics and thematic coding to capture both measurable patterns and contextual insights. The findings identify two key parameters shaping peatland definitions: minimum peat depth and minimum organic carbon content. Variability in these criteria leads to significant inconsistencies in peatland classification, which in turn affect restoration priorities and carbon accounting. The study highlights that future peatland definitions should prioritize carbon storage capacity and potential greenhouse gas emissions. Critical attributes include peat thickness, spatial extent, carbon concentration, and bulk density, which collectively determine volumetric carbon stocks. These findings underscore the need for a globally harmonized peatland definition framework to improve restoration effectiveness and strengthen climate change mitigation policies.

PurposeThis study explores how Malaysian employees can stay competitive and build sustainable careers in the age of artificial intelligence (AI). It focuses on how lifelong learning helps individuals adapt to rapid AI changes in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachThe research used a qualitative method. Data were collected through document analysis and workplace observations. Respondents included employees and managers from Malaysia's manufacturing, services and education sectors.FindingsThe study reveals that Malaysia's private sector is leading the adoption of AI, but many workers fear job loss and feel unprepared for the changes driven by AI. Personal attributes like adaptability and resilience, combined with continuous learning, are key to staying employable. Industry, government, academia and society must work together to build workforce readiness.Originality/valueThis research highlights the need for stronger upskilling programs, supportive policies and ethical AI use. It provides practical insights for employers, educators and policymakers to help employees thrive in an AI-driven economy.

This research aims to understand better the changes in farmers' perceptions of life quality in the peatlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia. In particular, the study will look at the variety of opinions regarding these modifications as well as the connection between these shifts in perception and capital assets. Research data were collected through direct interviews with respondents using questionnaires, and then continued with the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method to absorb all aspirations and opinions of respondents related to life quality. The research facts and data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel and SPSS programs. The research results concluded that there are ten dominant parameters to express the life quality of farmers, namely food; money; children; house; land; health; vehicle/working equipment; employment, fishery/livestock, and others (not specifically identified). These parameters can be classified into capital of human; financial; physical; natural; and social. Farmers are faced to pressures and surprises affecting all aspects of life and influencing their five capital assets. Coping with the changes is divided into reactive adaptations and proactive adaptations. Currently, reactive adaptations applied by farmers are still insufficient to maintain their asset base because dependency of farmers on natural resources is very high and the inability of farmers to prepare for unexpected events (shock, disasters, natural risks, etc.) is still high. Proactive adaptations (such as improvements in road infrastructure, bridges, and education) are urgently needed by farmers, but only a small portion of this strategy can be implemented by the authorities due to the unstable economic and political situation of the country, thus the prospects of farmers facing the rapid changes due to occurring unexpected events are still gloomy.

Peat formation is the main key to carbon sequestration in the Peat Swamp Forest (PSF). The research aims to analyze alternative possibilities for peat formation based on the available soil nutrients and dried biomass. In a complete randomized block design, a factorial trial was applied using two treatment combinations in three blocks: factor A (sampling plots, land cover) and Factor B (dried biomass). Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference test at a significance level of 5%. A high supply of dried below-ground biomass did not follow the production of rooting litter at high soil nutrients. Most of the biomass was transported upwards into above-ground biomass. All land covers produced above-ground biomass which had the potential to form peat with significant differences for all parameters studied. The potential for peat formation was highly dependent on the various types of land covers (e.g. peat forest), environmental factors, the composition of the seed bank, and the species ability to compete. Restoration actions (revegetation, rewetting, and revitalization) aim to stimulate the development of peat-forming species. The research benefits are expected to enrich PSF's ecological restoration thinking so that PSF can be restored and returned to near its initial condition.

This study examines the financial feasibility of different replanting patterns for oil palm plasma and assesses farmers’ concerns regarding replanting decisions. The research was conducted in three districts of South Sumatra (OKI, Muara Enim, and Musi Banyuasin) with plasma farmers as respondents. Three financing patterns were analyzed: self-financing through savings, insurance-based financing, and bank loans. The research used a survey method and sampling was determined with a balanced random sampling technique with 90 respondents. The research concluded that the financing pattern of oil palm replanting can be done through savings, insurance, and bank loans. The best financing pattern for replanting is conducted by using their savings because it can produce the highest net B/C value; NPV; and the shortest payback period. Sensitivity analysis showed that Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) price reduction is the most sensitive for the financing patterns of their savings and bank loans, however for the financing patterns of insurance, the decrease in FFB production is mentioned as the most sensitive. The government has to maintain stable FFB pricing, and it is advised that they use their funds, which are arranged by KUD, to support the oil palm replanting. Five factors -complexity, compatibility, relative profitability, trialability, and observability - will be used to gauge farmers’ concerns about oil palm replanting.

This study examines the integration of Western Psychological Well-Being (PWB) models with Sundanese indigenous values, specifically Pancawaluya, a local philosophical framework comprising five principles: Cageur (healthy), Bageur (kind), Bener (truthful), Pinter (intelligent), and Singer (resilient). The aim is to understand how these local values interact with global models of well-being and to construct a culturally relevant conceptual framework for the psychological well-being of the Sundanese people. A mixed-methods approach was employed. Quantitative data were gathered from 150 respondents through an online survey using a structured Google Form, while qualitative insights were obtained from in-depth interviews with 80 of the participants. Respondents were purposively selected from the native Sundanese community across various age groups (15 to over 60 years) and professional backgrounds. The analysis combined descriptive statistics with thematic coding to capture both measurable patterns and deeper cultural meanings. The findings reveal that Sundanese well-being emphasizes harmony, simplicity, and interconnectedness, offering a holistic perspective distinct from the individualistic orientation of Western PWB models such as Ryff's. The Quadrant Coordinates model shows that Sundanese individuals tend to score high in Bageur (kindness) but face challenges in Pinter (intelligence). This study proposes practical steps to bridge traditional and modern perspectives by incorporating indigenous values into education, digital platforms, community programs, and institutional policies, thus enhancing resilience and psychological growth within the local context.

Peatlands (according to the Governmental Regulation nr 71/2014) can be utilized for agriculture and plantation if the peat depths are less than 3 m or more than 3 m, peatlands have to be conserved or restored. Determining peat depths can be conducted in the fields by intensive surveys which were so expensive, inefficient, and ineffective, therefore it was essential to find our simple alternative methods how to measure peat depths easily. The research aimed to establish a spatially reliable interpolator for peat depth variability by utilizing the kriging method. The research was conducted in Seponjen Village, Kumpeh, Muaro Jambi, Jambi Indonesia. Primary data were processed by applying ArcGIS 10.3 software. The interpolated dataset of peat depths validated their actual dataset and performed an excellent relationship (indicated by a positive correlation coefficient, r = 0.920) and a coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.847). It indicated that the interpolated dataset could be utilized to make maps by kriging. The very deep peat (Site A) and the deep peat (Site B) showed a tendency for a strong autocorrelation of the data distribution of peat depths. Autocorrelation tended to be anisotropic towards the river on the shallow peat (Site C). A good interpolator of peat depth variability can be generated using the kriging method.

In the last three decades, most of the peatlands have been converted into industrial plantations (especially oil palm) and have had positive impacts, however, peatland degradation continues, productivity is decreasing, local wisdom is being lost, and rural poverty is still unresolved. Local wisdom is part of a society's culture, which is closely related to the uniqueness of indigenous people's territories and functions to preserve the environment, balance the ecosystem, and reduce degradation. This research aims to emphasize the importance of local wisdom in peatland restoration. This research was designed using a mixed approach by combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Primary data was collected through field observations and in-depth interviews with key informants from the Peat and other local stakeholders. The research resulted in the need to emphasize local wisdom in peatland restoration. Recommendations for local wisdom and its cultivation approaches, namely: Multi-Purpose Tree Species (MPTS) applied with a decentralized approach (participation of farmers and authority delegation); Gelam forest and honey bees through a conservative approach (being more profitable in the long term); Sago cultivation is recommended using the protective approach (natural benefits are greater than their commercial benefits); and an auction system for fishing is implemented with an optimal approach (harmony with the time, quantity, and quality of the environment).

The primary issue with peatlands until now was people’s ignorance about land suitability. Changes in patterns and details of the distribution of peatland use based on Local Wisdom Species (LWS) are increasingly unclear. We don’t know the suitable locations of cultivated LWS, so peatland productivity is declining and degradation continues. This research aims to evaluate land suitability for LWS in South Sumatra peatlands, Indonesia. Local Wisdom Species and soil samples were taken based on the type of peat land uses, and then laboratory work was carried out. Local Wisdom Species showing direct benefit are divided into two groups, namely LWS producing quickly are usually Purun Tikus (Eleocharis dulcis), water spinach (kangkung), bitter melon (paré), floating rice, and auction system for fishing, and LWS recognizing commercially are usually coconut, honeybees, gelam, sago, and jelutong. The level of land suitability of these two groups is S1 (highly suitable); and S2 (moderately suitable) with the only limiting factors being nutrient availability and nutrient retention (except coconut). By using science and technology, such as liming, fertilizing, improving water systems, and avoiding burning, all of these limiting factors can be overcome. Based on local knowledge, four strategies are suggested for sustainable peatland restoration, namely decentralized; conservative; protective; and optimal strategies.

This paper examines applying Local Wisdom Species (LWS), namely Purun (Eleocharis dulcis Hensch); Sago (Metroxylon sago Rottb); Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) and Honeybee, and Gaharu or Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk), to involve rural communities in peatland restoration. If LWS disappear due to pressure from industrial plantations, rural communities will be controlled by the international trade system, which threatens their rural lifestyles, and they will be pushed out of the peatlands where they have lived for hundreds of years. This research aimed to reveal selected LWS in developing peatland restoration. This study applied field surveys, questionnaires and focus group discussions. Purposive sampling was used to get the data, collected, processed, and analysed. For rural communities, the LWS was developed for economic, technical, social, and environmental reasons. If the government can help rural communities to develop the LWS, then it is likely that rural communities will benefit from better management of peatland restoration. It requires collaborative efforts between rural communities, researchers, and policymakers to bridge traditional knowledge and modern science, encouraging a more comprehensive approach to addressing global challenges. This finding is very useful in participating rural community-based peatlands restoration using four approaches, namely decentralization, conservation, protection and optimization. With these four approaches, it is possible for this research finding to be implemented in the field.

Currently, peatland degradation continues due to drainage for industrial plants (Oil palm and Acacia), so their productivity continues to decline and rural communities are very dependent on peatlands, hence the poverty problem in rural areas remains unresolved. Due to a lack of government policies that adequately recognize the benefits and functions of peatland ecosystems, it seems that the government is adopting a hierarchical and structured approach to planning and permitting peatland degradation, which is contingent upon the growth of rural economic development within these communities. This research aims to analyze the relationship between peatland degradation and rural poverty in peatland restoration development scenarios. This research was conducted between 2020 and 2023 in South Sumatra, Indonesia and the data collected was analyzed using qualitative methods. The real facts indicated that government policies were more in favor of large investors (not rural communities). In these circumstances, rural communities typically operated by the tenet of "first come, first served," making illicit logging and slash-and-burn farming acceptable forms of livelihood. Therefore, in this research compiling concepts and linkages of agricultural land degradation and rural poverty is the way to solve the problems. The government needs to restore them utilizing three key development scenarios, namely revegetation;

Determining peat depths can be done by intensive surveys which are expensive, inefficient, and ineffective, therefore, it is essential to find simple alternative methods for measuring peat depths. The research objective was to estimate and make maps of peat depths by applying Geostatistics analysis. This research was conducted on Muaro Jambi District, Jambi (Seponjen Village, Kumpeh) peatlands. The primary data was analyzed by ArcGIS 10.3 and Geostatistics programs. The spatial variability of peat depths on Site A (peat depth of 8.10–15.00 m) and Site B (3.10–8.00 m) showed maximum values at 271 and 242 m distances, respectively. On-Site C (0.00–3.00 m), maximum variability was found at the distance of 63 m. Peat depths variability may be interpolated at a maximum of 271 m (for Site A) and 242 m (for Site B). More than the above distances, peat depths cannot be interpolated. Site A must be conserved because of peat depths of > 3 m, only Site C can be cultivated for agriculture and plantations. Unfortunately, all areas have been cultivated for the oil palm plantation because the government has granted concession permits to plantations before knowing how deep the permissible peatlands are for the whole area.

Lake Batur is one of the national priorities, as it has economic value, and fish resources are used for food security and improving the local people’s welfare. The study examined the applicability of fisheries management status based on the ecosystem approach in lakes. The study was carried out from February to July 2023 using ecosystem approach methods in seven villages around Batur Lake, Bali, Indonesia, Data was collected through observations and interviews with 189 respondents. The success of fisheries management might be shown as a flag model after the composite domain and the total aggregate value of all dominants were rated. The results showed that the managed fish resources and stakeholders were unsatisfactory categories. Generally, social and fishing technology domains were classified as good categories. For that, ecosystem approach applications for sustainable fisheries in Batur Lake needed action under the five common scenario goals (a) reducing non-target fish (red devil) in the lakes by intensive capture and processing into other products of economic value; (b) regulations related to the reserve area as a place for fish to spawn and breed; (c) increasing the synergy of fisheries management policies; (d) increasing the stakeholder capacity; and (e) government support and related stakeholders regarding one regulation for fisheries management.

The quality of a watershed can be seen from the discharge of the river flow. Watershed quality can also be seen from the sedimentation found in river water flows and river bodies. Sedimentation is sediment produced by the erosion process carried by the flow and deposited in a place where the water velocity is smaller than the settling velocity. This research was conducted in the intake area of the Musi Hydroelectric Watershed, Ujan Mas District, Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province in August – October 2022. This study used hydrographic and bathymetric survey methods. The results of research on sedimentation using bathymetric maps and the results of sub- bottom profiling in the intake corridor area of the Musi Hydroelectric Power Plant (up to approximately 500 m from the weir), it is known that an average thickness of 1.7 meters near the intake pond (south side) and is getting higher up to 2.5 meters thick to the north or upstream of the river. The thickness of the sediment tends to thicken towards the east or along the riverbank with an average thickness of 2 meters, while in the west it tends to be thinner, with an average of 1.8–2.0 meters. Based on the results of the grab sampler, the type of sediment layer is sandy silt.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menguji kemampuan tingkat ketelitian model penduga biomassa dan karbon mangrove dengan menggunakan citra satelit pleiades di kawasan Hutan Lindung Air Telang dan menganalisis sebaran spasial biomassa dan karbon di kawasan Hutan Lindung Air Telang Kabupaten Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode deskriiptif dan kuantiftatif. Metode deskriiptif dilakukan untuk menganalisis Biomassa dan Karbon Pengukuran Lapangan baik itu NDVI dan DVI. Metode kuantitatif dilakukan untuk menguji hubungan asosiatif antara Biomassa dan Karbon Pengukuran Lapangan yaitu NDVI dan DVI. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan tingkat pertumbuhan jenis mangrove anakan masih didominasi jenis Nipa fruticans memiliki potensi biomassa rata-rata 0,37 ton/ha, biomassa total 98,23 ton/ha, karbon rata-rata 0,18 tonC/ha, dan karbon total 46,17 tonC/ha. Tingkat pertumbuhan jenis mangrove tiang memiliki biomassa rata-rata 16,33 ton/ha, biomassa total 1.028,74 ton/ha, karbon rata-rata 7,67 toCn/ha, dan karbon total 483,51 tonC/ha, didominasi jenis rhizophora stylos dengan potensi biomassa rata-rata 21,25 ton/ha, biomassa total 467,60 ton/ha, karbon rata-rata 9,99 tonC/ha, dan karbon total 219,77 tonC/ha. Tingkat pertumbuhan jenis mangrove pohon memiliki biomassa rata-rata 71,79 ton/ha, biomassa total 4.164,05 ton/ha, karbon rata-rata 33,74 ton/ha, dan karbon total 1.957,10 ton/ha, didominasi jenis rhizophora apicullata dengan potensi biomassa rata-rata 64,40 ton/ha, biomassa total 2.253,96 ton/ha, karbon rata-rata 30,27 tonC/ha, dan karbon total 1.059,36 tonC/ha. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan model terpilih adalah model regresi linier. NDVI dan DVI berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap biomassa.

Spatial variability can be the main cause of uneven plant growth, but this has not received much attention in the field.Spatial variability in soil chemical properties (soil pH, P) can be calculated using a geostatistics approach.The main objective of this research was to make a predictive mapping for soil pH and phosphate based on Kriging interpolation.The research resulted that the maps generated by Kriging interpolation showed similar patterns of high leaching and erosion effects in the landscape.The range of spatial variability of soils was found between 250-350 m with an average value of 300 m.Therefore, an effective survey can be carried out with a density every 120 m (rounded up to 100 m).The elevation range with an average value of 700 m can be said to be a maximum of 50% causing the increase in spatial variability of soils.This was evidenced by the high difference between the soil characters range (250-350 m) and the elevation range (700 m).The spatial variability of soil characters did not only depend on the relief form, but also on the dynamics of the groundwater interflow.A combination of soil pH, available P provided good indices for high leaching in the landscape.The high spatial variability for soil pH and available P indicated the result of the weathering process of the parent material, which was influenced by slopes, land use, intensive vertical and lateral groundwater flows.Cation leaching was the main process causing systematic spatial variability of soils in the landscape.Therefore, this leaching process has to be managed.

This paper aimed (1) to describe the accessibility of farmers to programs made by the government for rural development, and (2) to analyze the impact of this accessibility on the contribution generating household income of farmers in South Sumatra wetlands. This research was an experimental research using Split Plot Design. The study resulted that accessibility had a significant effect on the income structure of farmers' households. If accessibility was high to very high, the sector and types of off-farm activities were more developed and diverse. Household income in low accessibility was dominated by subsistence agriculture, although the types of off-farm activities varied, but their contribution to total household income was very small. In high accessibility areas, the income contribution from subsistence farming was relatively small, but the diversity of activities was large, which could increase the total household income, i.e. trade, non-agricultural labor, forest income, government projects, beca, drivers, carpenters, welding, shipping, etc. The total income of households in high accessibility was higher than in low accessibility areas. The better the accessibility, the better the total household income will be as long as the government manages farmers in off-farm activities.

This study aims to determine the main limiting factors in agricultural development on peat lands and the agricultural input to improve it. The study was conducted in peat land of the Sriwijaya Botanical Gardens, Bakung Ogan Ilir Village, South Sumatra, Indonesia. A detailed survey was designed based on a map scaling of 1: 5,000 and analyses of peat samples were carried out in the Soil Science Department Laboratory of Sriwijaya University. The Soil Map Unit (SMU) was then generated based on peat depth and its maturity. The indicator of agricultural food crops is corn. The results showed that the maturity of the peat was dominated by sapric, the depth was divided into two classes, namely 1.5-2m and >2m. The actual land suitability of the site was unsuitable (Nrc, nr) with the limiting factors, i.e. nutrient retention and root media. The limitation of nutrient retention was on low soil pH and low potassium. Whereas, Nitrogen and Phosphorus content were considered as high and medium. By giving agricultural input, the potential land suitability class improve to S3rc (less suitable) with the limiting factor including peat depth. There were some areas considered as permanently unsuitable (Nrc) due to peat depth. Drainage control is essential management to ensure crop water availability.