Aim. To study the influence of the application of periodic liming, its effect and aftereffect under different systems of fertilization and saturation with agricultural crops in a 7-field crop rotation on the state of potential and effective fertility of gray forest soil. Methods. Field experiment, laboratory, analytical, mathematical-statistical, calculation-comparative. Results. The scientific substantiation of agrotechnological measures for reproduction and regulation of the fertility of gray forest soil for long-term (30 years) agriculture is presented. The types and forms of manifestation, reproduction factors, potential regulation, and effective fertility were highlighted in the article. The analysis of changes in physicochemical and agrochemical properties under the influence of periodic liming and the use of various fertilizer systems for completed four rotations of a 7-field crop rotation was carried out. During rotations, I and II, the balance of calcium and magnesium in the soil were calculated for various organomineral fertilizers against the background of the use of limestone and dolomite flour. For rotations, I, II, III, and IV, the dynamics of humus content are reflected, and the optimal parameters of its reserves and ways to achieve a consistently high level with different mineral fertilizers are determined when using 10 t/ha of manure in rotations I and II, and in rotations III and IV for lack of dung from the use of green manure (up to 5 t/ha) and by-products (up to 5 t/ha) of crops of a 7-field crop rotation against the background of repeated liming. Based on thirty years of research, the main issues of conducting periodic chemical reclamation in combination with organic and mineral fertilizers are considered and the effectiveness of its action and aftereffect is proved, as well as the effectiveness of the use of a one-and-a-half dose of the ameliorant with prolonged intensive mineral load in agrocenoses is substantiated. The productivity of agrocenoses was given for the completed four rotations of a 7-field crop rotation on gray forest soil. A set of agrotechnological measures aimed at preventing the manifestation of degradation processes in arable gray forest soils and the full reproduction of their fertility elements in agrocenoses with various technologies for growing crops is substantiated.

Aim. To study the peculiarities of changes in the physicochemical properties of chernozem soil during intensive farming in the agrolandscapes of the Forest-Steppe. Methods. Field experiment, laboratory, analytical, mathematical-statistical, calculation-comparative. Results. The scientific justification of agrotechnological measures to preserve the potential and increase the effective fertility of typical chernozem under the conditions of application of tillage and mineral fertilizer systems is presented. An analysis of the dynamics of physico-chemical properties under the influence of the use of no-till technology, shallow disk cultivation, plowing with the use of various mineral fertilizers for the cultivation of sunflower and corn for grain was carried out. The impact of cultivation systems and mineral fertilization on changes in physicochemical properties is highlighted, the dynamics of humus content is analyzed, the optimal parameters of its reserves are determined, and the methods of achieving a stably high level of different mineral fertilizers using no-till technology, disking and plowing. Conclusions. On the basis of research, the main key questions regarding the regulation of physico-chemical properties indicators for tillage and mineral fertilization systems were considered, and the effectiveness of the use of no-till technology, shallow disc tillage was proven, and the effectiveness of plowing under long-term intensive mineral load for the cultivation of sunflower and corn was substantiated on grain. The yields of sunflower and corn per grain are given on chernozem typical of intensive farming. The types and forms of manifestation, factors of reproduction and regulation of the potential and increase of effective fertility of black soil are highlighted. A set of agrotechnological measures aimed at preventing the degradation of arable black soils and protecting their fertility in agrocenoses under various agrotechnologies of growing agricultural crops is substantiated.

Aim. The study of the regularities of the formation of connections between separate groups of microorganisms in the composition of gray forest soil groups for the cultivation of white lupine and winter wheat with the use of different systems of fertilization, liming, plowing by-products of crop production and indicators of potential and effective fertility. Methods. Microbiological, laboratory-analytical, statistical. The research was carried out in the polygon monitoring system on the basis of the stationary experiment of the department of agro-soil science and soil microbiology of the NSC «Institute of Agriculture of NAAS» «Development and improvement of intensive technologies for growing agricultural crops on the basis of extended reproduction of soil fertility». Results. It was established that the number of microorganisms of many eco-trophic, systematic and functional groups, their physiological and biochemical activity, the intensity and direction of mineralization processes are correlated with the indicators of the potential fertility of the gray forest soil. The number of ammonifiers in the 0-20 cm soil layer correlates with the value of saline pH (r = 0.385), the content of nitrogen (–0.445), phosphorus (0.774), potassium (0.804); in the soil layer 20−40 cm: with hydrolytic acidity (–0.710), pH of salt (0.730), the content of mobile compounds of aluminum (–0.430), phosphorus (0.640), exchangeable calcium (0.506) and humus (0.505). The number of immobilizers of mineral nitrogen correlates in the 0–20 cm soil layer with the value of exchangeable acidity (0.338), the content of phosphorus (0.440), potassium (0.410), mobile compounds of aluminum (–0.386); in the 20-40 cm soil layer: with hydrolytic acidity (–0.403), saline pH (0.355), exchangeable acidity (–0.542), content of mobile compounds of aluminum (–0.575), nitrogen (–0.365). The total number of microorganisms in the 0–20 cm soil layer correlates with the content of nitrogen (–0.434), phosphorus (0.481), potassium (0.522), exchangeable magnesium (–0.418); in the soil layer 20-40 cm: with hydrolytic acidity (–0.493), pH of salt (0.520), the amount of exchangeable acidity (–0.359), the content of mobile aluminum compounds (–0.465), the content of phosphorus (0.368), exchangeable magnesium (–0.412), humus (0.352). The inverse nature of the relationship between the total number of microorganisms and the content of nitrogen compounds in the soil indicates that the legume culture of white lupine in the flowering stage no longer depends on the nitrogen content in the soil, consuming symbiotrophic nitrogen for growth and development. Conclusions. It has been established that the systems of diagnostic indicators of effective soil fertility for winter wheat and white lupine differ significantly, and it may be necessary to create different systems of diagnostic indicators for grain and leguminous crops, since they differ in plant physiology.

Aim. To determine the regularities in the formation of water-stable structure and to obtain the objective integral information about the process of break-up and consolidation of the water-stable structure under agrogenic and postagrogenic load on the main soil types of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The field method – the soils of chernozem type were investigated (seven chernozem-like soil types of different granulometric composition and humus content) in the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the laboratory analytical method (wet sieving of soil structure), the mathematical-statistical method (non-parametric statistics, factor, cluster, and fractal analyses). Results. The analysis of the water stability of the structure of chernozem-like soils in the Forest-Steppe demonstrates the perspectives of using modern statistical methods: fractal, factor, cluster methods, and the method of non-parametric statistics, which demonstrates their sensitivity to insignificant changes in the distribution of water-stable aggregates within the agronomically valuable interval. The soil types of postagrogenic maintenance form the distribution of water-stable aggregates, making up “prevailing” sizes of aggregates in the interval of sizes of 5–3 and 2–1 mm, which ensures the persistent state of the re-distribution where the index of Hurst has the values of H > 0.75. The agrogenic impact on soils changes the re-distribution of water-stable aggregates, destroying their natural distribution and ensuring the antipersistent state of the distribution with low stability (D > 1.43 and Н < 0.58). Under postagrogenic maintenance of soil types, there is a stable mutual connection between water-stable aggregates, structural units, and ESP (R = +0.78), and in the total of correlation relations, the direct and inverse correlation relations of R> ± 0.55 level are >30 % with the 1.5 to 1 ratio in favor of inverse proportion relations which ensures a high level of self-regulation for the hierarchical organization of the structural and water stable state. Conclusions. The determining index, characterizing the stability level of the water-stable structure, was found to be the content of water-stable aggregates of 3–1 mm and > 0.25 mm and the weighted average diameter of water-stable aggregates within the agronomically valuable interval of sizes that demonstrated a strong correlation (R = ± 0.76–0.96 ± 0.02) with fractal dimensionality (D > 1.4) and the index of Hurst (Н) which allowed for forming a gradation scale for the evaluation of the water-stable structure and the degree of agrogenesis manifestation of soils in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. In terms of the rate of agrogenesis manifestation via the formation of the degree of the water-stable structure, the soils of chernozem type were divided as follows: gray forest low-humus heavy-loamy light-clay soil on carbonate loess-like clay < typical low-humus heavy-loamy light-clay chernozem on loess-like clay < meadow-chernozem low-humus carbonate heavy- loamy soil on loess-like clay < typical medium-humus heavy-clay chernozem on loess.

The influence of different methods of basic tillage and post-harvest sowing of oil radish and winter oil rape seeds on maize productivity has been studied. Improving the photosynthetic properties of crops, including corn for grain, is one way to increase their productivity, as today in production are widespread varieties and hybrids that use to form their harvest is not a significant part of its potential (about 6% of possible (Nychyporovych 1955, 1961). Therefore, optimizing the conditions of their growth and development for positive changes in this direction is important. mp3download.link Best YouTube to MP3 converter. Download MP3 from YouTube for Free. one would honestly have expected more on the track mp3-go.net Download Mp3 songs for free Given the legendary pedigree of the man behind the sound downloadmp3-gratis.biz Download mp3 songs online at Mp3 Converter, watch high quality online music videos download-mp3gratis.me watch and download free songs of the highest quality. Listen to songs online here comfortably without any annoying advertisements. metrolagu.com Easy to use and free MP3 downloader. YouTube To MP3 download in seconds using the best YouTube to MP3 converter. YouTube Mp3 Get the latest song by simply typing the latest artist or song title in the Search menu. Mp3 file format with 128 - 320 Kbps bitrate converted from YouTube videos. read at this blog All those artist performances are still available on YouTube today find more here

The paper aimed to establish features of formation and regularities of structural and aggregate content change in the cultivated layer of low-humus typical chernozem under constant application of various systems of fertilizing and the basic cultivation of soil in short-rotation 4-feld crop rotations with 75 % saturation with grain (winter wheat, barley or spring barley) and 25 % oilseeds (sunflower, spring rape). The research was carried out in a long stationary experiment of the Department of Agrosoil Science and Soil Microbiology of the NSC «Institute of Agriculture of NAAS» and the laboratory of agriculture of the Panfly Research Station of the National Scientifc Center «Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine». The research results reveal the efciency of different fertilizing systems (fertilizers with crop by-products) combined with tillage tools that differ in their intensity and principle of action. The fertilizing system affected the biomass formation and the tools effect involved layer-by-layer distribution of new crop biomass and formation of soil aggregates of certain shape and size, their share in the formation of structural properties formation which testifes the impact of various anthropogenic stress. The study defnes the direction of soil processes, features of structure formation for long-term implementation of different depth and methods of basic tillage with preservation and anti-erosion and intensive use of 0–30 cm tillage layer (plowing 25–27 cm – control) and long-term use of no–till technology for growing crops that vary on the principle of localization of the crops root system. Key words: structural and aggregate composition, typical chernozem, method of basic tillage, differentiation.

The aim of the research was to form connections between separate groups of microorganisms as a part of groups of gray forest soil (Haplic Luvisol) during the cultivation of spring wheat with the use of various fertilizers and liming systems. Research methods: microbiological, laboratory-analytical, statistical. The research was carried out in the landfill monitoring system on the basis of a stationary experiment of the Department of Agrosoil Science and Soil Microbiology at the NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS” - Development and improvement of intensive cultivation technologies of agricultural crops on the basis of the expanded soil fertility reproduction. The main results of the study: The number of ammonifiers is positively correlated with the total number of microorganisms (0,955), the number of mineral nitrogen immobilizers, denitrifiers, nitrifiers, cellulose-destroying bacteria, actin- and micromycetes, the coefficient of nitrogen mineralization compounds, the total biological activity (0,911). The conclusions of previous research are confirmed: Azotobacter is not a diagnostic microorganism for effective soil fertility, as evidenced by the insignificance of the correlation coefficients between the number of Azotobacter and the yield of spring wheat (0,265), winter wheat (0,131), soybeans (0,303). The number of Azotobacter correlates inversely with most of the studied indicators, especially significant - with the number of polysaccharide-synthesizing microorganisms, actinomycetes, melanin-synthesizing micromycetes (-0,719), acid-forming microorganisms (- 0,611), physiological and biochemical activity of own cells, pedotrophic index. The direct nature of the relationship is established between the number of polysaccharide-synthesizing microorganisms as a diagnostic group for the optimal mineral nutrition of plants and the number of mineral nitrogen immobilizers (0,854), pedotrophs (0,970), cellulose-destructive (0,724) and autochthonous (0,878) microorganisms, actinomycetes, micromycetes, the total number of microorganisms (0,588), probability of colony formation of denitrifiers, autochthonous microorganisms and micromycetes, nitrogen mineralization coefficient, total biological activity (0,646). Indigenous microorganisms show a high level of direct dependence on the number of mineral nitrogen immobilizers, pedotrophs, cellulose-destroying and polysaccharide-synthesizing microorganisms, the total number of microorganisms, physiological and biochemical activity of denitrifiers and own cells (0,935).

Goal. To study and to identify features of optimization of crop nutrition during physicochemical degradation of acid soils. Methods. Field, laboratory, computational, mathematical, and statistical. Results. Results are given of researches in the influence of agrochemical load on gray forest soil with increasing doses of fertilizers (in combination with measures of radical chemical reclamation and without them) received during 2016–2019. It is established that the use of intensive fertilizer systems without radical chemical reclamation leads to the deterioration of the physicochemical properties of gray forest soil. On the background of reducing the aftereffects of radical chemical reclamation for 10–13 years, the annual application of a dose of alkaline earth elements, taking into account the physiological characteristics of the culture (average 11.4 and 4.6 kg/ha of calcium and magnesium, respectively) ensures for 10–12 years close to neutral reaction, and on the 13th year of application — the slightly acidic reaction of the soil solution. Besides, the content of exchangeable Ca and Mg in GVK increases slightly, it increases to 6.71–7.00 mg·eq/100 g of soil. Conclusions. The use of a dose of mineral fertilizers on gray forest soil, which is calculated according to the species genotypic ratio (SGR) of elements in the biomass of the culture on the background of application of lime, optimizes crop nutrition, physicochemical properties of the soil, reduces the dose of phosphorus and potassium and toxic action of H+ and Al3+. The optimal combination of N, P, K, Ca and Mg (216 kg/ha in the ratio of 1:0.4:0.5:0.3:0.1) in combination with seed inoculation with nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-mobilizing bacteria provides an increase of productivity of the grain crop rotation to 5.45 t/ha g.p., and payback of 1 kg act. mat. of fertilizer applied to 15.6 kg g.p. Physicochemical degradation of acid soils at the application of high doses of nitrogen fertilizers can be partially prevented by saturation of the soil absorption complex with exchange cations of alkaline earth metals, supplementing the fertilization system with small doses of Ca and Mg, which are calculated according to the recommended dose of nitrogen, limited on acidic soils.

The scientific substantiation of the authors on the essence of reproduction of fertility of acid gray forest soils, its types and forms of manifestation, factors of increase and regulation under conditions of intensive and organic agriculture is presented. An in-depth analysis of the amount of humus in loamy soils, a set of agrotechnological measures and patterns aimed at preventing the degradation of acidic gray forest soils and protection of their fertility in the agrocenosis with different technologies for growing crops. The optimal parameters of humus content and reserves and ways to achieve at a consistently high level of basic nutrients in gray forest soils with organic and intensive use are determined. Based on many years of research, the main issues are considered and the effectiveness of action and aftereffects of periodic chemical reclamation in combination with organic and mineral fertilizers is proved, and the effectiveness of one and a half dose of ameliorant for long-term intensive mineral load in agrocenosis is substantiated. The comparative productivity of agrocenosis for III and IV rotation on gray forest soil for organic farming is given.

The results of research in a stationary study, based in 1992 on gray forest coarse-grained loamy soil, on the impact of long-term chemical reclamation and0,0 various supply systems (mineral, organic, organo-mineral) on the nitrogen regime. Nitrogen is extremely important in agriculture, as all processes, photosynthesis, volume of substances and distribution of the level of yield and its quality are impossible without this element. In the total coverage of the country, the share of soils of forest origin exceeds 33 %, and among agricultural lands – 25 %. Given the content of humus and its total reserves, the integrated indicator of soil formation and the most important characteristic that determines the overall habit of the soil, in the articles above, change it from the above factors. It can also be shown that the content of gross nitrogen reflects the humus content, which is determined and differs from the humus content of the residual. There is a high density correlation between these indicators for all different studies (r = 0,991). The obtained data indicate that only with the use of greens and by-products of precursors and measured doses of mineral fertilizers with the use of liming achieved by the size of the total nitrogen to the initial level. The growth of the composition is 0,36 – 0,45 t / ha and in this case we can state the expansion of its reproduction. Only after mineralization nitrogen of organic compounds becomes available to plants. The form of nitrogen, which is easily hydrolyzed, is a fairly reliable indicator of the provision of this element. To classify the test content with the content of mobile compounds 81,2 – 103 mg / kg belong to the user groups with a very high degree of supply, but the degree hydrolyzes organic substances in high quantities (9,6 – 10,2 %). With the combined use of green manures, non-marketable plant products, single doses of mineral fertilizers in a combination of lime achieved growth of 27,5 % on the restoration to control of this form of nitrogen. For the above complex of nutrients at an increased content of 16,5 mg/kg to control the amount of N-NO3- + N-NH4 +, as well as 7,4 mg / kg of nitrifying capacity of the soil. The studied gray forest soils belong to the group of soils with low humus content and its total reserves, which are inherited from the original pedogenesis and modern soil formation processes. Under the influence of a set of agronomic measures for a long time the type of humus does not change, which indicates the invariability of the direction of soil formation

Despite the favorable climatic conditions of the region for onion growing, due to significant plowing of foothills (up to 80%) and low productivity, which does not exceed 1.3 t/ha-1.5 t/ha of fodder units, they do not fully perform their fodder production and environmental function. Ago Peculiarities of cereal agrophytocenosis formation when growing on sod-podzolic soil of Precarpathians depending on doses and NPK ratios of mineral fertilizers have been studied is relevant today. Perennial cereal grass was formed from Phleum pratense, Lolium pratense and Bromus inermis, which is kept in agrocenosis at sufficient level with a sprout density of 1440 pcs/m2-2726 pcs/m2, share of sown crops 64%-95% and linear growth in the first moving on nitrogen-free backgrounds 31 cm-100 cm. Fertilizers had a different effect on the density and transformation of a sown cereal grass, especially by the years of its usage. With the application of N25 grass height increases by 1.3, and N50 by 1.7 times. In the third year of usage, agrophytocenosis, which is formed from a mixture of cereal grasses, is transformed into a grouping with a predominance of Bromus inermis, the share of which increases with the nitrogen dose increase.

The article presents the research results of the green manure and crop by-products effect on the fertility parameters in Haplic Luvisols of the northern part of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe and crop productivity for the 14th year aftereffects of re-liming. Liming of gray forest soil contributes to the preservation, and, in combination with organic fertilizers, to the reproduction of humus reserves, improving other indicators of physicochemical properties of soil fertility. Usage of by-products (5 t/ha), sideration (4.4-5.0 t/ha) as an organic fertilizer on the background of the aftereffect of repeated liming with a full dose of hydrolytic acidity in Haplic Luvisols allowed to obtain from 15% to 30% increase in yield, even without the application of additional nitrogen fertilizers.

The article presents the research results of the rare energy crop selection and optimization of their mowing timing to produce solid biofuels in the conditions of the Ukrainian Right-bank Forest-steppe zone. Among perennial energy crops on dark gray soils, the most productive was the Miscanthus giganteus J. M. Greef, Silphium perfoliatum L., Polygonum weyrichii Fr. Schm., P. sachalinensis L., Sida hermophrodita Rusby, and Helianthus tuberosus L. (1st year of use with parameters 11.1-15.8 t/ha dry mass, 194-281 GJ/ha of thermal energy and 6.0-8.6 t/ha of equivalent fuel). The highest linear growth had Helianthus tuberosus (1st year of use). The stem diameter of energy crops ranged from 2.8 mm to 16.8 mm. The stem's largest diameter had Polygonum weyrichii, Sida hermophrodita, and Helianthus tuberosus (1st year of use). The highest density and energy capacity of 1 m3 of dry unpressed chips had Sida hermophrodita, Helianthus tuberosus, Miscanthus giganteus, and Polygonum divaricatum L. with parameters respectively 125-138 kg and 2.00-2.56 GJ.

The state of microbial communities in gray forest soil contaminated with heavy metals at a dose of 5, 10, 100 MPC, in the presence and absence of vegetative phytosynesis (corn) has been investigated in model experiments. The protective function of the phytocenosis concerning several groups of microorganisms, in particular, azotobacter and polysaccharide-synthesizing bacteria, has been shown. The number of azotobacter in the rhizosphere of plants exceeds the indices of soil without plants: in the control by 3.33%, at 5 MPC – 36.6, at 10 MPC - by 95.6%. The indicative function of azotobacter has been confirmed concerning soil pollution with heavy metals. The number of azotobacter is decreased with increasing the pollutant dose in the soil without plants: at 5 MPC - by 2.64 times, at 10 MPC - by 6.67 times, the corresponding indicators for plants rhizosphere are 2.05 and 3.52 times. Azotobacter is not detected by the method of overgrowing soil lumps at the maximum level of soil contamination with heavy metals (100 MPC). The mycelial forms of microorganisms (micromycetes) are highly resistant to contamination with heavy metals that have been confirmed. The activity of mineralization of organic substances, including hummus, is decreased with the increasing of pollutant dose in the soil has been shown. The pedotrophy index decreases at 5 MPC by 3.16%, at 10 MPC - 30,9, and 100 MPC - by 46.8% in soil without plants. Similar numbers for variants with plants fluctuate between 14.2 and 105.4%. The conclusion about a lesser susceptibility to microbial mineralization of complexes of humic acids and heavy metals has been confirmed. With an increase in the dose of the pollutant, the activity of humus mineralization decreases in soil without plants: at 5 MPC - by 16.7%, at 10 MPC – 12.6, at 100 MPC - by 74.7%; with plants: at 5 MPC - by 14.3%, at 10 MPC – 8.33, at 100 MPC - by 113.7%. It is also drawn attention to the fact that the activity of humus mineralization in the soil rhizosphere is lower than in the soil without plants. In our opinion, the reason for this is the presence of easily utilized substrates in the composition of plant root exudates. It makes the mineralization of hard-to-reach humus molecules inappropriate.

The research aims to establish the eff ectiveness of granular chalk use produced by «Slavuta-Calcium» Ltd. under growing Poliska–90 winter wheat variety, changing the physicochemical properties of grey forest soil and the wheat productivity. It also aims to establish optimal dosis of «Slavuta-Calcium» granular chalk as the meliorant and mineral fertilizer for grey forest soil in the system of winter wheat fertilization. In the temporary fi eld studies, various doses of nutrients N60–90–120P30–45–60K60–90–120 combined with «Slavuta–Calcium» granular chalk in a dose of Ca230–460–690 kg/ha of the active substance were studied against the background of secondary plowing of rotation products – soybean biomass that averaged 2.34 t/ha. Granular chalk is a modern complex highly eff ective meliorant with the content of Ca – 37.7 and Mg – 0.2 %, the mass fraction of carbonates (CaCO3 + MgCO3) makes at least 95 %. It is characterized by a high level of solubility when interacting with moisture in soil. It has a form of white granules, the mass fraction of 4.0–6.0 mm in size granules makes not less than 90 % and the one of 1.0 mm in size makes less than 5 %. Reactivity – 97 %. The granular chalk is advisable to apply on acidic soils, as a highly concentrated calcium-magnesium fertilizer, with the former as the dominant fertilizer, to optimize the physicochemical properties of the soil, as well as the plant nutrition system, in particular, increasing the availability of an element for assimilation by plants and as long-term ameliorants. The eff ectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers, in particular acidic nitrogen on highly and medium acidic soils, after chemical reclamation is increased by 30–50 %, and slightly acidic by 15–20 %. The increase in productivity of crops from the combined eff ects of nutrients and chalk granulated is usually higher than when separately applied. The eff ectiveness of the integrated action of these elements is manifested in the growth of plant productivity and the quality of the resulting products, as well as the optimization of physical chemical properties and soil buff ering in the long term. In order to optimize the physicochemical properties of the arable layer of gray forest soil and the productive nutrition of agricultural crops, winter wheat, in particular, biogenic elements should be used in doses N60-90-120P30-45- 60K60-90-120 with granulated chalk «Slavuta-Calcium» in doses of Ca230-460-690 kg/ha of active substance. Granulated chalk obtained as a result of industrial grinding of solid sedimentary carbonate rocks of natural origin, subsequently under the infl uence of the granulation process of the starting material contains Ca and Mg carbonates of at least 95 %, dense granules which facilitates convenient mechanized application, as well as chalk suitable for accurate metered application on the quest map. Key words: granular chalk, gray forest soil, chemical reclamation, crop productivity.

Aim. To develop the general normalized statistical model of organizing the structural state of the investigated soils, to determine the vector of direction and criteria of appraising structurization of soil variants in the Forest-Steppe on macro- and microaggregate levels of organization to obtain objective and integral information about the quality status of soil structure and to determine the critical level of degradation, when the residual resistance against the latter is lost. Methods. Field (investigated agrophysical properties of the most common variants in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine: gray forest soil, meadow-chernozem soil, typical chernozem), laboratory (air-dried sieving of soil), statistical-analytical (fractal, factor, cluster, non-parametric statistics). Results. The combined study of the change in the state of soil structure in the most common soils in the Forest-Steppe on two hierarchy levels demonstrated the presence of soil-genetic interval in valuable structural units. The appraisal of several distribution series of structural soil units by dimensions in terms of stability using fractal indices and the structurization of agronomically non-valuable fraction of microaggregates of 0.7 and demonstrated the persistence and anti-persistence of the distribution series, namely, stability or trend. The re-grouping of soil structure constituents occurs by dimensions depending on the soil type, and microaggregates in the amount of 0.25 mm are mostly involved in structural aggregates of 1-0.25 mm and less so in more valuable structural units of >1 mm. Conclusions. It was determined that meadow-chernozem soil was the most resistant to anthropogenic impact (introduc- tion of mineral fertilizers and treatment methods). Its coeffi cient of macroaggregation was at a high level and in case of sowing perennial grasses with the introduction of fertilizers - at a very high level. Gray forest soil was found to be less resistant to the introduction of mineral fertilizers and typical chernozem was the most susceptible to agrophysical degra- dation: the macroaggregation coeffi cient was at a very low level. The microaggregation coeffi cient increased from typical chernozem to gray forest soil and meadow-chernozem which demonstrated the increase in humus content and biogenicity in the presented series of soil variants

The research has established the positive effect of the organic form of mixed ligand complexes Cu, Zn and Mn on the milk productivity of high-producting cows of Holstein breed. It was proved that cows of the second experimental group which consumed mixed ligand complexes Cu, Zn and Mn in composition of fodder in the amount of 100% by concentration of metal had the highest dairy productivity in the period of milking. According to the indicator of the natural fat milk yield the advantage was 12% (p <= 0.01), but fat milk 8.5%. In recalculation of milk yield of fat 4% advantage was 21.3% (p <= 0., 001). By the level of protein in milk experimental cows had an advantage 3.4%. In the main period of experiment the gross natural milk yield per cow increased by 10.9%, fat content on 0.11%, indicator of milk yield of basic fat on 14.2% (p <= 0.001), it was due to changing sulfates. Mn, Cu and Zn on mixed ligand complexes. Mn, Cu and Zn, and these elements have a better assimilability. According to the results of the experimental study, the duration of the service-period of cows in the experimental group was 44 days shorter than in the control, and 22.6% lower in the index of insemination.

The article presents the research data of structural-aggregate composition, water-physical constants and density of compilation gray forest coarse-dust–light-loam soil for the systematic use of mineral fertilizers and long-term action (8 th - 10 th year) of chemical melioration. The influence of the long action of a single dose of lime on hydrolytic acidity on the transformation parameters of soil properties was established. The presented results of the use CaCO 3 (1,0 Hг), testify to an increase in the quantities of agronomically valuable part of the soil in 3.5 %. At the same time, the volume of adsorbed water by the soil increased and keeping it in the capillary and general space. The shown influence of the systematic use of physiologically acidic mineral fertilizers on the agrophysical and water-physical properties of gray forest soil. Adding N 50 P 30 K 55 led to increased content of dust fraction of soil and reduce its filtration capacity, which is bad for the soil properties. The use of a single and a double dose of mineral fertilizers intensified the peptization of soil aggregates. Due to this, increased the amount of finely-dispersed parts, which is sedimented and accumulated in the lower layers of the soil. As a result, the filtration ability of the soil and absorbing its properties deteriorated, and the density of the composition during vegetation increased.

In the article contains the results of many years research on issues of regularities the influence of chemical melioration, doses and forms of limestone meliorants using different systems of fertilization in crop rotation, which provide preservation of gray forest soil fertility and sustainable crop production. Analyzed physical and chemical properties, humus content and reserves, structure of exchange cations, productivity of crops, the effectiveness of various technological events concerning preserving of gray forest loam soil fertility. Clarified basic regularities of Quantitative and qualitative changes in the humus state of gray forest soil, shown the role of organic and mineral components in its formation. Marked, that use of non-consumable part of the harvest as organic fertilizer does not provide an expanded reproduction of gray forest soil fertility. Established The need to regulate the structure of exchange cations in the soil absorbing complex of gray forest soil under conditions of intense agrochemical load by applying natural magnesium-containing mineral. Proved effectiveness of the use chemical meliorants In combination with the fertilization system, which provides improving yield and quality of agricultural products.

Diagnostics of such important feature as the structure of soil cannot be based only on field studies of the morphology of the soil profile, but primarily should be supported and logically substantiated by analytical laboratory research. During the research process was chosen the optimal and available sieve method of modifying of N.I. Savinov, which results indicate the ratio of aggregates of different sizes and their water resistance in soil. To establish how the size of structure affects the properties and mode of soil and whether it is resistant to water movement and strong mechanical load. Are highlighted the study results of structural and aggregative state of light gray forest surface gleyed soil in fallow land and variants of 50-year-long agricultural use. It is established that the inclusion of soil in farming without fertilization and in systematic mineral fertilization promotes the formation of mezoaggregates, but also leads to significant powdering of them, which is confirmed by the morphological diagnosis of soil profile and poor water resistance. The structural condition of arable layers both of the control without fertilization and the variant of mineral fertilization by the amount content of agronomically valuable aggregates is better in comparing with the fallow (39, 6), and this is 55.1 on the control and 52.0 in the variant of only making mineral fertilization. The coefficient of structuring is 1.23% and 1.08% accordingly against 0.66% in fallow. These results can be connected, first of all, with feature of size distribution of light gray forest soil, which should be considered in their study.