Objetivo. Describir y evaluar la metodología del índice de las encuestas de condiciones de trabajo, empleo y salud (ECoTES), diseñado para medir el desempeño de los sistemas nacionales de seguridad y salud en el trabajo (SST), tras su aplicación en un estudio piloto en seis países iberoamericanos. Método. El índice ECoTES se calculó para cada país con base a dos componentes: i) un cuestionario con 15 preguntas contestado por 47 personas expertas de Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, España, Honduras y Perú; y ii) ocho indicadores estadísticos (tasa participación laboral, total y de mujeres, tasa de informalidad, porcentaje del producto interno bruto destinado a protección social excluida la salud, porcentaje de la población cubierta por seguros del riesgo del trabajo, porcentaje de la población cubierta por al menos una prestación social, tasa de lesiones mortales por accidentes de trabajo y tasa de mortalidad atribuible por riesgos laborales). Para simular el valor del índice, dimos distintos pesos a cada componente, y se valoró la correlación entre las puntuaciones de las personas expertas e indicadores estadísticos. Resultados. El cuestionario fue contestado sin dificultad y, además de permitir la construcción del índice, las respuestas también sirvieron para mejorar su redacción. Hubo una buena correlación entre las puntuaciones de los componentes del índice (r = 0,66) y del ranking entre países en las diferentes simulaciones (Spearman: entre 0,95 y 1). Conclusiones. El índice ECoTES mostró robustez metodológica, y es el primer indicador en el mundo que valora el desempeño de los sistemas nacionales de SST. Su aplicación periódica permitirá comparaciones en el tiempo y entre países, y contribuirá a estimular la mejora de los sistemas nacionales.

Objective: To describe and evaluate the methodology of the ECoTES index, after its implementation in a pilot study in six Ibero-American countries. The ECoTES index (Spanish acronym for surveys of working conditions, employment and health) is designed to measure the performance of national occupational safety and health (OSH) systems. Methods: The ECoTES index was calculated for each country based on two components: i) a 15-question survey answered by 47 experts from Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Spain, Honduras, and Peru; and ii) eight statistical indicators (total labor participation rate, female labor participation rate, rate of informal employment, percentage of gross domestic product allocated to social protection excluding health, percentage of the population covered by occupational risk insurance, percentage of the population covered by at least one social benefit, rate of fatalities due to occupational injuries, and rate of deaths attributable to occupational risks). Simulations were conducted with different weights given to each component, and the correlation between statistical indicators and the scores provided by experts was assessed. Results: The survey was answered without difficulty. In addition to enabling construction of the index, the responses also served to improve its wording. There was a significant correlation between the scores for the different components of the index (r = 0.66) and the country rankings in the different simulations (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient: between 0.95 and 1). Conclusions: The ECoTES index proved to be methodologically robust. It is the first indicator in the world to assess the performance of national OSH systems. Its periodic application will allow comparisons over time and between countries, and will help to foster improvements in national systems.

Objective:To describe and evaluate the methodology of the ECoTES index, after its implementation in a pilot study in six Ibero-American countries. The ECoTES index (Spanish acronym for surveys of working conditions, employment and health) is designed to measure the performance of national occupational safety and health (OSH) systems. Methods:The ECoTES index was calculated for each country based on two components: i) a 15-question survey answered by 47 experts from Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Spain, Honduras, and Peru; and ii) eight statistical indicators (total labor participation rate, female labor participation rate, rate of informal employment, percentage of gross domestic product allocated to social protection excluding health, percentage of the population covered by occupational risk insurance, percentage of the population covered by at least one social benefit, rate of fatalities due to occupational injuries, and rate of deaths attributable to occupational risks). Simulations were conducted with different weights given to each component, and the correlation between statistical indicators and the scores provided by experts was assessed. Results:The survey was answered without difficulty. In addition to enabling construction of the index, the responses also served to improve its wording. There was a significant correlation between the scores for the different components of the index (r = 0.66) and the country rankings in the different simulations (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient: between 0.95 and 1). Conclusions:The ECoTES index proved to be methodologically robust. It is the first indicator in the world to assess the performance of national OSH systems. Its periodic application will allow comparisons over time and between countries, and will help to foster improvements in national systems.

Objetivo: Evaluar la exposición a altas temperaturas con datos climáticos regionales de las 23 provincias de Argentina provistos por el Servicio Meteorológico Nacional aplicando parámetros legales de temperatura y humedad de la exposición laboral. Métodos: Se caracterizó a las provincias durante 2005-2023 con temperaturas y porcentajes de humedad diarios. Se definieron días con temperaturas peligrosas a partir 28ºC y 90% de humedad. Y días con temperaturas fatigosas a partir de 25ºC hasta 28º C junto a una humedad mayor a 85% y menor a 90%. Resultados: Siete provincias del noroeste y noreste muestran un mayor riesgo de efectos sobre la salud por temperaturas peligrosas. El mapa se amplía al analizar las temperaturas fatigosas, incluyendo otras seis provincias del Centro con clima templado, y registrando temperaturas fatigosas durante los semestres invernales. Identificamos 13 regiones con mayor frecuencia e intensidad de la exposición a altas temperatura y humedad y una tendencia creciente de las temperaturas peligrosas en el período analizado. Se constató que en ocho provincias el riesgo laboral por altas temperaturas no es sólo una situación estival. Conclusiones: Teniendo en cuenta escenarios climáticos proyectados para el 2030, habrá un aumento importante en el número de días con temperaturas peligrosas en la mayoría de las provincias, mientras que los días con temperaturas fatigosas aumentarán sólo en algunas provincias. Las mismas concentran la mayor proporción de población trabajadora por lo que se podría esperar un incremento de lesiones por accidentes de trabajo debido a altas temperaturas.

OBJECTIVE:Exposure to high temperatures was evaluated with regional climate data provided by the National Meteorological Service, applying occupational exposure parameters.  Methods: The provinces were characterized during 2005-2023 with maximum, average and minimum temperatures, and daily humidity percentages. Days with dangerous temperatures were defined as 28ºC and 90% humidity. And days with tiring temperatures form 25ºC to 28ºC along with humidity greater than 85% and less than 90%. RESULTS:Seven northwest and northeast provinces are identified as having an increased risk of health effects from dangerous temperatures. The map is expanded by analyzing the tiring temperatures, including six other central provinces with a temperate climate, and recording tiring temperatures during the winter semesters. We identified thirteen regions with greater frequency and intensity of exposure to high temperature and humidity and an increasing trend of dangerous temperatures in the analyzed period. It was found that in many provinces the occupational risk due to high temperatures is not only a summer situation. CONCLUSIONS:Taking into account climate scenarios projected for 2030, there will be a significant increase in the number of days with dangerous temperatures in most provinces, while days with tiring temperatures increase only in some provinces such as Córdoba and Buenos Aires in the template zone. They concentrate the largest proportion of the working population, so and increase in occupational injuries could be expected due to high temperatures.

Informal employment is a persistent structural feature of labour markets in Latin America and the Caribbean. This type of employment is a complex phenomenon that refers to all jobs outside of state employment regulation and social protection systems and can be found in the informal and formal sectors. 1 Abramo L Policies to address the challenges of existing and new forms of informality in Latin America. https://repositorio.cepal.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/431aed2d-2e7a-4f05-a942-b2d12db14bb5/contentDate: 2022 Date accessed: August 2, 2023 Google Scholar According to the International Labour Organization, in 2022, 53·7% of workers in Latin America and the Caribbean region engaged in informal employment, while in North America and Europe (excluding eastern Europe) the figures are 9·6% and 13%, respectively. 2 International Labour OfficeWorld employment and social outlook: trends 2023. Geneva. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---inst/documents/publication/wcms_865332.pdfDate: 2023 Date accessed: August 2, 2023 Google Scholar From a global perspective, informal employment is a major challenge for sustained inclusive economic and social development, 1 Abramo L Policies to address the challenges of existing and new forms of informality in Latin America. https://repositorio.cepal.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/431aed2d-2e7a-4f05-a942-b2d12db14bb5/contentDate: 2022 Date accessed: August 2, 2023 Google Scholar but also for public health. Due to the unregulated and unprotected nature of the informal economy, it is difficult to enforce public health actions and to provide access to quality social protection services. 3 Naicker N Pega F Rees D Kgalamono S Singh T Health services use and health outcomes among informal economy workers compared with formal economy workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 183189 Crossref Scopus (7) Google Scholar This is especially relevant for historically disadvantaged groups, who are more likely to participate in the informal economy than those who have a higher level of education and greater wealth. Those who are less educated, have less wealth, people aged 65 years or more, younger people aged 15–24 years, those living in rural areas, and women are disproportionately employed in the informal economy. 1 Abramo L Policies to address the challenges of existing and new forms of informality in Latin America. https://repositorio.cepal.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/431aed2d-2e7a-4f05-a942-b2d12db14bb5/contentDate: 2022 Date accessed: August 2, 2023 Google Scholar , 4 International Labour OrganizationLabour Overview 2022 for Latin America and the Caribbean. ILO / Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, Lima2022https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---americas/---ro-lima/documents/publication/wcms_876565.pdfDate accessed: September 14, 2023 Google Scholar Considering the complexity and heterogeneity of informal employment, single-cause explanations for informal employment should be avoided. 5 Ludmer G ¿Qué hay de nuevo en el viejo debate sobre las causas de la informalidad laboral?. Cuad Econ Crit. 2019; 5: 99-121 Google Scholar , 6 Oliveira RV Varela P Jaramillo AMC Introducción. in: Oliveira RV Varela P Calderón AM Informalidad en América Latina: ¿Un debate actual? Universidad de Alicante, Sant Vicent del Raspeig2023: 11-20 Google Scholar Work-related causes of mental health conditions and interventions for their improvement in workplacesMental health problems and disorders are common among working people and are costly for the affected individuals, employers, and whole of society. This discussion paper provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the relationship between work and mental health to inform research, policy, and practice. We synthesise available evidence, examining both the role of working conditions in the development of mental disorders, and what can be done to protect and promote mental health in the workplace. Full-Text PDF Work as a social determinant of health in high-income countries: past, present, and futureThis paper, the first in a three-part Series on work and health, provides a narrative review of research into work as a social determinant of health over the past 25 years, the key emerging challenges in this field, and the implications of these challenges for future research. By use of a conceptual framework for work as a social determinant of health, we identified six emerging challenges: (1) the influence of technology on the nature of work in high-income countries, culminating in the sudden shift to telework during the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) the intersectionality of work with gender, sexual orientation, age, race, ethnicity, migrant status, and socioeconomic status as codeterminants of health disparities; (3) the arrival in many Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries of large migrant labour workforces, who are often subject to adverse working conditions and social exclusion; (4) the development of precarious employment as a feature of many national labour markets; (5) the phenomenon of working long and irregular hours with potential health consequences; and (6) the looming threat of climate change's effects on work. Full-Text PDF Health and inclusive labour force participationThe future of work is rapidly changing, with higher flexibility of the labour market and increasing informal employment in many countries worldwide. There is also an increased pressure to extend working careers until older age. We introduce the concept of working life expectancy as a useful metric, capturing the expected numer of years in paid employment across the working age individuals, in particular among different groups. We describe factors that determine working life expectancy. Macro-level factors focus on the socioeconomic and political context that influences labour force participation, primarily policies and legislation in specific countries. Full-Text PDF

Work is a central concept to understand social metabolism. Human work is the process that getting the social metabolism that creates those goods necessary for to life. The industrial revolution laid the foundation for an insurmountable contradiction between capitalism and environmental sustainability. The advance of market power over the use of natural resources to sustain globalized lifestyles is responsible for various manifestations of the ecological crisis. As in the rest of the world, in Latin America this type of economic growth has a negative impact on ecosystems in general and on biodiversity in particular. A productive structure that is extractive and intensive of natural resources that not only show its unsustainability, but also its incapability to produce development and well-being. The current COVID-19 pandemic highlights the economic system's vulnerabilities on an unsuspected scale. The SDG issued in 2015, acknowledges the ecological crisis and recognition the impossibility of finding global governance mechanisms with regulatory capacity. The COVID-19 pandemic called into question the economic paradigm perspective on which some of the SDG are based: economic growth and globalization. It is the field of health where the impact of COVID-19 pushes SDG further away. The public health response is limited in the face of the impacts of an epidemic that strikes at the SDG's multiple dimensions. The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is profound. The SDG are not exempt from that perspective, if they manage to prove themselves as guiding principles for global governance. We argue that the opportunity to find structural solutions with long-term horizons will rise from radical changes in the ways we produce, distribute and consume. Collective health could contribute to the redefinition of the SDG if it faces the challenge of a public health that takes up ecosocial approaches by redefining the social uses of work and nature. The first condition to initiate those structural changes is a progressive de-commodification of life. The second fundamental condition for sustainable welfare is the democratization of social life. Finally, collective health can contribute to redefine the SDG if faces the challenge of a public health that takes up eco-social approaches.

In Latin America, 15% of women are paid domestic workers. Being a job without social security or labor rights, almost 80% of this work is done informally. In this sense, the health of these domestic workers should be considered at least under three aspects: precarization of work, social inequality, and gender inequality. Before the need for regulatory frameworks aimed at reducing health inequalities among informal workers, Argentina and Uruguay promoted the enactment of labor laws regarding paid domestic work. This study describes the experiences of both countries, considering the scope and impact of this formalization process on health. The results indicate that formalizing paid domestic work had but a limited impact, with difficulties in applying the traditional model of paid work protection. This legitimation of labor rights may also pose more challenges and tensions for public health and occupational health, which are worsened in the context of the covid-19 pandemic.

Introduction: teleworking at home, one of the mitigation measures adopted to control the COVID-19 pandemic, while attempting to maintain employment, has increased in many countries. Objective: to reflect on the meaning, magnitude and trends of teleworking at home, before and during the pandemic, focusing on its potential effects on the health of workers. Discussion: the precedent of Convention 177/1996 of the International Labour Organization (ILO) on home work, and the agreement on teleworking between social agents in the European Union of 2002, underscore the difficulties of regulating this new form of work organization, and the prevention of possible injuries and associated diseases, especially mental and musculoskeletal disorders. The investigation of its effects on health is a priority to base its regulation at the national and global level on scientific evidence. The incorporation of specific, well-defined questions, such as those proposed by the ILO, in questionnaires of future surveys on working conditions, employment and health may help in this objective and provide an opportunity to monitor the effects on health of teleworking at home, as well as evaluating the impact of its necessary and urgent regulation.

Resumo Introdução: o teletrabalho no domicílio, uma das medidas adotadas para controlar a pandemia de COVID-19 e, ao mesmo tempo, manter o emprego, tem aumentado em vários países. Objetivo: refletir sobre o significado, a magnitude e as tendências do teletrabalho no domicílio, antes e durante a pandemia, enfatizando seus potenciais efeitos na saúde do trabalhador. Discussão: a precedente Convenção 177/1996 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) sobre trabalho a domicílio e o acordo sobre teletrabalho entre agentes sociais na União Europeia, em 2002, apontam a dificuldade de regulamentar essa nova forma de organização do trabalho e da prevenção de possíveis lesões e doenças associadas, especialmente transtornos mentais e distúrbios musculoesqueléticos. São necessários estudos sobre os efeitos na saude dessa modalidade de trabalho para fornecer evidências científicas que embasarão normas em nível nacional e global. A inclusão de questões específicas e bem definidas, como as que a OIT propõe, em futuros levantamentos sobre as condições de trabalho, emprego e saúde poderá auxiliar tal objetivo e proporcionar uma oportunidade para observar os efeitos do teletrabalho no domicílio na saúde do trabalhador, bem como avaliar o impacto de uma necessária e urgente regulamentação.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los trabajadores y las trabajadoras de la salud (TS) poseen la mayor exposición laboral al contagio SARS-CoV-2. El aumento de la infección y la mortalidad afecta a los sistemas sanitarios. El reconocimiento transitorio de la enfermedad COVID-19 como enfermedad profesional (EP) fue una medida de protección fundamental. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una descripción de la EP por COVID-19 entre los TS durante los primeros 10 meses de la pandemia. MÉTODOS: Se solicitaron datos no publicados a la Superintendencia de Riesgos del Trabajo sobre TS con EP según sexo, edad, ocupación y provincia de residencia. Se calcularon la incidencia, la mortalidad y la letalidad entre TS mediante el análisis de 49 307 registros. RESULTADOS: La incidencia acumulada en el Sistema de Riesgos de Trabajo fue de 1479,6 infectados y 6 muertes por cada 10 000 asegurados. La incidencia entre los TS triplicó a la de la población general en edad de trabajar. Durante 2020 se produjeron 171 EP por día y una muerte cada dos días. El 69% de las infecciones afectaron a mujeres, mientras que el 66% de las muertes fueron en hombres. El personal de enfermería tuvo el 54% de las infecciones y el 58% de las muertes, mientras que en el personal médico estas cifras fueron de 28% y 32%, respectivamente. DISCUSIÓN: El 21% de TS no habrían notificado su infección como EP, pero el problema de notificación debe buscarse en las provincias. La incidencia para los TS en Argentina fue mayor que la informada en la bibliografía. Es necesario investigar la determinación ocupacional en los TS. La legislación debe incorporar definitivamente la COVID-19 al listado de EP.

En este artículo presentaremos la validación del Cuestionario Psicosocial de Copenhague (COPSOQ). La adaptación cultural se realizó sobre la versión larga del COPSOQII -ISTAS21. La validación se implementó sobre una muestra aleatoria de 200 casos, representativa del conglomerado de Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Avellaneda, Morón y Vicente López. Se procedió a realizar análisis de consistencia interna con Alpha de Cronbach y validación de constructo a través de análisis factorial. Los resultados fueron satisfactorios en cuanto a la consistencia interna, aunque con algunos valores bajos para ciertas dimensiones (valores de α entre 0,582 y 0,895); la estructura factorial fue la esperada según el cuestionario original. La validez de criterio evaluada en las correlaciones con las mediciones de salud a partir del cuestionario SF36, fueron satisfactorias El comportamiento del instrumento en población de trabajadores en Argentina ha sido similar a las versiones internacionales.

Resumen En América Latina, el 15% de las mujeres son trabajadoras domésticas remuneradas. Esta ocupación se realiza casi en el 80% de los casos bajo la informalidad, por lo que se trata de una ocupación sin protección social ni derechos laborales. A su vez, la salud de las trabajadoras domésticas debe considerarse, al menos, bajo una triple determinación: la precarización del empleo, las desigualdades de clase social, y las de género. Es importante generar marcos normativos que reduzcan las desigualdades en salud de los/as trabajadores/as precarios/as, en este sentido, Argentina y Uruguay promovieron la promulgación de leyes laborales sobre trabajo doméstico remunerado. En el presente artículo se describen las experiencias entre ambos países sobre los alcances e impactos en la salud del proceso de regularización de este empleo. Sin embargo, se observa un impacto limitado de la formalización del empleo en el trabajo doméstico remunerado, con dificultades para aplicar el modelo de protección del trabajo asalariado tradicional. La legitimación de los derechos también puede llevar a la salud pública y a la salud de los/as trabajadores/as hacia nuevos desafíos y tensiones, que se agravan en el contexto de la pandemia por covid-19.

Precarious employment is both a powerful social determinant of health, well-being, and quality of life, and also a historical phenomenon linked to the power relationships between employers and employees. Employment precariousness refers to employment insecurity, individualized bargaining relations between workers and employers, low wages, limited workplace rights and social protection, and powerlessness to exercise workplace rights. In this chapter we describe the expansion of neoliberal transformations of the labour market that fostered the emergence of precarious employment. Second, we examine concepts, models, and instruments to define precarious employment and assess its prevalence. Finally, we identify the unequal impacts of employment precarisation on social, economic, and family precariousness, and, eventually, its impact on workers' health and quality of life. The chapter concludes reviewing some of the most important research and policy challenges to be addressed to reduce labour market employment precariousness and its effects on ill-health and health inequalities. Note: This chapter is an adapted and modified version of previous studies from GREDS-EMCONET research group including the following: Benach J., Muntaner C., Solar O., Santana V., Quinlan M. Employment, Work and Health Inequalities: A Global Perspective. Barcelona: Icaria, 2013; Benach J., Vives A., Amable M., et al. Precarious Employment: Understanding an Emerging Social Determinant of Health. Annual Review of Public Health 2014;35: 229–53; Benach J., Vives A., Tarafa G., Delclos C., Muntaner C. What should we know about precarious employment and health in 2025? Framing the agenda for the next decade of research. Int J Epidemiol. 2016;45(1):232–38.

O objetivo deste trabalho e apresentar um questionario basico e criterios metodologicos minimos, para serem considerados em futuras pesquisas sobre Condicoes de Trabalho, Emprego e Saude (ECTES) na America Latina e Caribe. Para tal, foi realizado um processo de consenso, tanto virtual como presencial, com a participacao de um grupo internacional de expertos que, para definir a proposta, partiram das pesquisas disponiveis na regiao ate 2013. O questionario final incluiu 77 perguntas agrupadas em seis dimensoes: caracteristicas sociodemograficas do trabalhador e a empresa; condicoes de emprego; condicoes de trabalho; estado de saude; recursos e atividades preventivas; assim como caracteristicas familiares. Entre os criterios metodologicos minimos destacam-se o domicilio da pessoa entrevistada como lugar da entrevista e os relacionados com a qualidade do trabalho de campo. Estes resultados podem ajudar a melhorar a comparabilidade das futuras ECTES na America Latina e Caribe, o que contribuiria para melhorar a informacao sobre saude do trabalhador na regiao.

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un cuestionario básico y criterios metodológicos mínimos, para ser considerados en futuras Encuestas sobre Condiciones de Trabajo, Empleo y Salud (ECTES) en América Latina y el Caribe. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un proceso de consenso, tanto virtual como presencial, con la participación de un grupo internacional de expertos que, para definir la propuesta, partieron de las encuestas disponibles en la región hasta 2013. El cuestionario final incluyó 77 preguntas agrupadas en seis dimensiones: características sociodemográficas del trabajador y la empresa; condiciones de empleo; condiciones de trabajo; estado de salud; recursos y actividades preventivas; y características familiares. Entre los criterios metodológicos mínimos destacan el domicilio de la persona entrevistada como lugar de la entrevista y los relacionados con la calidad del trabajo de campo. Estos resultados pueden ayudar a mejorar la comparabilidad de las futuras ECTES en América Latina y el Caribe, lo que contribuiría a mejorar la información en salud laboral en la región.

The relevance of the psychosocial factors and occupational health is increasing worldwide. In Argentina a robust measuring instrument of them is needed. The COPSOQ (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire) is a comprehensive instrument for its assessment, and it was currently adapted in several countries. The Union Institute of Work Environment and Health (ISTAS) got its Spanish version, known as COPSOQ ISTAS 21. We founded our study on the updated long version of this questionnaire (95 items). The aims of the study were the semantic adaptation through a qualitative strategy, the detailed validation of the psychometric measurement properties, and the development of an abbreviated version of the instrument. We used an intentional sample with a maximum variation strategy, until we reached the theoretical saturation. The main criterion used to set the sample was the educational level (combined with sex and age). With a random sample of 200 wage-earners we performed the quantitative analysis of content validity, reliability, criterion validity and sensitivity. The cultural adaptation, reached by the analyses of the interpretational expected and emerged difficulties, provided us an acceptable and clear version of the questionnaire in our context. For the principal dimensions the Cronbach’s alpha was mostly >0.7 (Demands 0.86, Double presence 0.75, Work organisation 0.83, Interpersonal relationships and leaderships 0.88, Insecurity 0.84, Confidence 0.68, Justice 0.84). The factorial analysis was also consistent. In addition, these psychometric properties were comparable to those in the Danish and German COPSOQ-studies. The adapted Argentinian version is comparable with the COPSOQ ISTAS 21 instrument in terms of validity and is suitable for assessment of the psychosocial work environment in Argentina. The next step is the construction of national reference values for its preventive use in our country.

Employment precariousness is a social determinant that affects the health of workers, families, and communities. Its recent popularity has been spearheaded by three main developments: the surge in "flexible employment" and its associated erosion of workers' employment and working conditions since the mid-1970s; the growing interest in social determinants of health, including employment conditions; and the availability of new data and information systems. This article identifies the historical, economic, and political factors that link precarious employment to health and health equity; reviews concepts, models, instruments, and findings on precarious employment and health inequalities; summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of this literature; and highlights substantive and methodological challenges that need to be addressed. We identify two crucial future aims: to provide a compelling research program that expands our understanding of employment precariousness and to develop and evaluate policy programs that effectively put an end to its health-related impacts.