Background/Objectives: The rapidly expanding landscape of digital technologies is transforming innovation processes across industries, and the food sector is increasingly encouraged to adopt novel tools that can enhance development workflows and support competitive positioning. In the context of Industry 4.0, it is particularly important to examine open innovation approaches that may increase the efficiency of engineers and researchers involved in the research and development of food supplements. Such approaches enable broader access to relevant scientific information, including new bioactive ingredient research and their physiological implications, potentially contributing to the development of better-informed and higher-quality products. Methods: In the present study, we evaluated the deep research capabilities of several popular large language models to assess their suitability for supporting the conceptual design of a blood glucose-optimizing food supplement intended for prediabetes management. The comparative analysis focused on the level of detail in the outputs generated by each model, the robustness of the conclusions drawn, and the capacity to produce formulation-oriented recommendations grounded in scientific literature and regulatory frameworks. Our evaluation was primarily qualitative and subjective, highlighting both the potential and limitations of these models. Moreover, the study outlines a forward-looking concept for product validation using wearable smart devices and medically certified wearable devices with continuous biometric monitoring, which could provide an innovative avenue for assessing supplement efficacy. Results: The findings indicate that large language models can support the collection, organization, and preliminary interpretation of complex scientific information. Conclusions: Nevertheless, expert input remains essential for accurate evaluation, scientific validation, and regulatory compliance, as these models cannot yet replace domain expertise or rigorous experimentation in food supplement development.

Background/Objectives: Optimal post-exercise nutrition is critical for maximizing recovery and subsequent performance. However, athletes often lack knowledge of guidelines, leading to suboptimal practices, particularly inadequate carbohydrate intake for glycogen resynthesis. This study aimed to assess the adherence of Hungarian endurance athletes to nutritional recommendations, identifying deficits and guiding the development of effective educational strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional study surveyed 113 amateur Hungarian endurance athletes (mean age 40.04 ± 9.89 years) training ≥ 3 times/week using a self-developed online questionnaire. A ten-item composite measure, the Post-Exercise Nutrition Recommendation Adherence Score (PENRAS, max 10 points), was calculated to assess adherence. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA and regression, were used to explore factors influencing PENRAS and nutritional practices. Results: The overall mean PENRAS was 5.32 ± 1.52, indicating room for improvement. The most pronounced deficit was observed in quantitative knowledge, with only 1.8% of participants correctly identifying the optimal carbohydrate content required for rapid glycogen resynthesis. Concurrently, high protein content (58.4%) was mentioned by a higher percentage than high carbohydrate content (52.2%) as an aspect of post-exercise meal planning. Triathletes had significantly higher PENRAS than runners (6.28 vs. 4.97, p = 0.001). Higher PENRAS was also significantly associated with consultation with a dietitian (p = 0.018). Reliance on professionals positively predicted knowledge, while online sources were a significant negative predictor. Higher PENRAS was associated with better meal planning and earlier post-exercise meal timing. Conclusions: Endurance athletes' post-exercise nutritional practices are suboptimal. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions prioritizing education on carbohydrate intake and redirecting athletes towards evidence-based information to improve adherence and performance outcomes.

A szerzők bemutatják az újonnan indított gasztroenterológiai szakdietetikus szakirányú továbbképzést. Kiemelik a táplálásterápiára és kifejezetten a szondatáplálásra vonatkozó tudásmegosztás vertikális és horizontális síkjait, valamint azokat a módszereket és eszközöket, amelyek segítségével az elméleti tudás implementálódig a gyakorlatba, ezzel hozzájárulva a magasabb szintű betegellátáshoz.

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common autoimmune inflammatory joint disease. Internal and external factors may play a role in its development. In recent years, an increasing number of studies highlighted that diet has a central role in the risk and progression of the disease. Several foods and nutrients present anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that have protective effects on the development and outcome of rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this review is to summarize and describe the results of randomized clinical trials or cohorts that have investigated the effects of diet and nutrition in relation to rheumatoid arthritis and the potential role of dietary therapy in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Certain dietary patterns and components can be used as adjunctive therapies in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and may contribute to the effective reduction of disease activity, the induction of remission and its long-term maintenance. At present, there is no nutrition guideline on the dietary management of rheumatoid arthritis and it is therefore important to objectively assess the potential effects and risks of dietary factors and dietary habits. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(27): 1052-1061.

Health and sustainability problems have become a central theme in dialogue in both the scientific community and the public. Our individual choices have a profound, advantageous or disadvantageous impact on our health; the same can be said about our environmental footprint. In this area, we can also make decisions that affect the physical environment positively or negatively. Our narrative review aims to demonstrate that healthy plant-based choices in our diet are linked to choices beneficial for our environment and that these two seemingly distant aspects converge in the context of plant-based diets. We have collected, compared and discussed the results of life cycle analysis (LCA) articles on the current state of the effect of food choice on our environment. Furthermore, we would like to show the opportunities and constraints of implementing plant-based diets.

A rheumatoid arthritis a leggyakoribb autoimmun, krónikus, destruktív sokízületi gyulladás. Kialakulásában belső és külső tényezők játszhatnak szerepet. Az utóbbi években egyre több tanulmány jelent meg, mely felveti a táplálkozási, étrendi szokások és jellemzők jelentőségét a betegség kialakulásának kockázatában és progressziójában. Ismert, hogy számos élelmiszer, tápanyag gyulladáscsökkentő és antioxidáns tulajdonságokkal rendelkezik, amelyeknek protektív hatásuk lehet a rheumatoid arthritis kialakulására és kimenetelére. Áttekintő közleményünk célja összefoglalni és bemutatni azoknak a randomizált klinikai tanulmányoknak vagy kohorszoknak az eredményeit, amelyek a táplálkozás és az étrend hatásait vizsgálták a rheumatoid arthritis betegséggel összefüggésben, és a diétás terápia lehetséges szerepét a kezelés során. Egyes étrendi minták és összetevők az alkalmazott bázisterápiás kezelés mellett hozzájárulhatnak a betegségaktivitás eredményes mérsékléséhez, a remisszió eléréséhez és annak tartós fenntartásához. Jelenleg még nem rendelkezünk hivatalos szakmai ajánlásokkal a rheumathoid arthritis étrendi kezelésére, éppen ezért fontosnak tartjuk, hogy objektíven megismertessük étrendek, étrendi tényezők lehetséges hatásait és kockázatait. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(27): 1052–1061.

Obesity is a rapidly growing problem of public health on a worldwide scale, responsible for more than 60% of deaths associated with high body mass index. Recent studies underpinned the augmenting importance of the gut microbiota in obesity. Gut microbiota alterations affect the energy balance of the host organism; namely, as a factor affecting energy production from the diet and as a factor affecting host genes regulating energy expenditure and storage. Gut microbiota composition is characterised by constant variability, and is affected by several dietary factors, suggesting the probability that manipulation of the gut microbiota may promote leaning or prevent obesity. Our narrative review summarizes the results of recent years that stress the effect of gut microbiota in the development of obesity. It investigates the factors (diet, dietary components, lifestyle, and environment) that might affect the gut microbiota composition. Possible strategies for the prevention and/or treatment of obesity include restoring or modifying the composition of the microbiota by consuming prebiotics and probiotics, fermented foods, fruits, vegetables, and avoiding foods of animal origin high in saturated fat and sugar.

Several polyunsaturated fatty acids are considered to have beneficial health effects, while saturated fatty acids and industrial trans fatty acids (TFAs) are linked to negative health consequences. Given the increased formation of TFAs during heating, many studies already investigated compositional changes in oils after prolonged heating or at extremely high temperatures. In contrast, our aim was to measure changes in fatty acid composition and in some health-related indices in edible oils after short-time heating that resembles the conventional household use. Potatoes were fried in palm, rapeseed, soybean, sunflower and extra virgin olive oils at 180 °C for 5 min, and samples were collected from fresh oils and after 1, 5 and 10 consecutive heating sequences. Regardless of the type of oil, the highest linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid values were measured in the fresh samples, whereas significantly lower values were detected in almost all samples following the heating sequences. In contrast, the lowest levels of TFAs were detected in the fresh oils, while their values significantly increased in almost all samples during heating. Indices of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity were also significantly higher in these oils after heating. The present data indicate that prolonged or repeated heating of vegetable oils should be avoided; however, the type of oil has a greater effect on the changes of health-related indices than the number of heating sequences.

Plant-based diets are becoming more popular for many reasons, and epidemiological as well as clinical data also suggest that a well-balanced vegan diet can be adopted for the prevention, and in some cases, in the treatment of many diseases. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the relationships between these diets and various conditions and their potential biochemical background. As whole plant foods are very rich in food-derived antioxidants and other phytochemicals, they have many positive physiological effects on different aspects of health. In the background of the beneficial health effects, several biochemical processes could stand, including the reduced formation of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) or decreased serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and altered signaling pathways such as mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). In addition, the composition of plant-based diets may play a role in preventing lipotoxicity, avoiding N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), and reducing foodborne endotoxin intake. In this article, we attempt to draw attention to the growing knowledge about these diets and provide starting points for further research.

Background Physically active lifestyle can prolong the years spent without chronic diseases and is strongly associated with good mental and physical health. The goal of the study was to examine the physical activity patterns of the healthy adults and the effectiveness of a community-based e-health program. Methods The study sample comprised of 633 participants. Analyses were based on the E-Harmony health program that was conducted in Hungary in 2014–2015. The longitudinal study measured the physical activity patterns of the healthy adult population, and a 12-month community-based internet and media program was evaluated for the target group to improve the physical activity level and related knowledge. We examined the effectiveness of the program by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Hungarian validated long version adjusting for socio-demographic parameters, also across multivariate linear regression analysis using SPSS 24.0 software. Confidence interval of 95% was used and the level of significance was p < 0.05. Results The total physical activity of the study sample was 5129.9 (SD = 4488.1) MET min/week. Male participants scored higher in total activity but the results showed no statistical significance. Our participants were sitting 2211.6 (SD = 1592.8) min /week on average (daily average was 315.9 (SD = 227.6) minutes); the results showed no statistically significant difference by gender. We found weak but significant relationship between the active lifestyle and anthropometric data, especially according to leisure time activities and sedentary behaviour ( p < 0.001). Based on the multivariate linear regression models the socio-demographic parameters significantly affected the physical activity level of participants. After the 12-month community-based e-health program, 10.34% changes occurred in the total physical activity level ( p < 0.001). Conclusions To our knowledge, ours was the first community-based e-health program in Hungary to improve the physical activity level of the healthy adult population. Based on our results this web-based e-health program can be an adequate tool to promote healthy lifestyle. The study could provide appropriate information for the further health interventions and policy making. Further research is necessary to determine the special risk groups and to develop an applicable e-health program for such specific subgroups.

Dietitians are at higher risk for orthorexia nervosa, because they have higher expectations of their appearance. The purpose of our study was to determine the association between orthorexia nervosa (ON), eating behaviours and BMI among dietitians. We conducted a quantitative, cross-sectional study among registered dietitians in Hungary by using non-random sampling (n=186). We used a self-edited questionnaire supplementing with EAT-26 and ORTO-11 questionnaire. Self-reported body height and weight were used to calculate BMI. The evaluation of the data was carried out with SPSSv22, including descriptive statistics, Student-t test, multiple linear logistic regression. More than half (61.5%) of the participants had normal body weight, but 16.57% of them had ON tendency. There was no significant difference between the mean BMI (23.87±5.03 kg/m2 vs 23.53±4.32 kg/m2; p=0.693) among the risk group and healthy participants. The mean EAT-26 score of the participants was 12.85±9.71 however 18.3% of the participants were at high risk for eating disorders. We found significant negative correlations (r= -0.483; p<0.001) between the total ORTO-11 scores and EAT-26 scores in the group with ON tendencies. Multiple linear logistic regression failed to detect any significant relationships between the total ON-score and the working experience (β = 0.043, 95%CI = -0.163 to 0.250, p = 0.68), or BMI (β = 0.096, 95%CI = 0.317 to 0.250, p =0.39). Our results demonstrated that the participants had normal nutritional status, which is essential for effective nutrition counseling. The majority of the participants had no risk for eating disorder based on their eating attitudes and behaviors.Our results showed that the risk of orthorexia is present among dietitians and really important to pay attention to prevent this disease. Also our findings suggest that the systematic screening in practice can be a good prevention.

The right for nutrition is a major principle in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights announced in 1948 [1]. The Declaration of Social Progress and Development of 1969 specified the major aim as “the elimination of hunger and malnutrition and the guarantee of the right to proper nutrition” [2]. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights accepted in 1974 makes it clear that “Everyone has the right to get rid of starvation and malnutrition in order to use and preserve their physical and mental capacities” [3]. The Declaration of 1992 also recognized “access to safe food suitable for nutrition” as a universal right. Every day globally about 40,000 people die from malnutrition and the diseases associated with it, which are also responsible for the death of 5 million children according to FAO, the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations report of 2004. From time to time, efforts are made by the developed world to eliminate the extreme poverty prevailing in the developing countries. Radical changes, however, can only be achieved by effective measures at the local level. Up until the nineteenth century, famines most commonly originated from the natural disasters. At present, in most of the cases, they are caused by people; suffice with Ethiopia, Cambodia, the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, or Haiti. In the era when we are capable of handling famine, a lot more than ever before, such situations prove to be a big shame of mankind.

In our study, we report on the adult population’s nutritional status and diet related results of the E-Harmony prevention programme begun in 2014. This intervention programme aimed at raising awareness of Hungarian adults and children (through their parents) to the benefits of healthy eating and active lifestyle, and the importance of energy balance. From Baranya and Zala Counties 1,058 adults (496 males and 562 females) were chosen (selected by quota sampling, representative of the Hungarian population according to age and gender). A questionnaire of our own compilation, a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and 72-hour food records were used and body mass, body composition, waist and hip circumference was measured. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics as well as applying Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square-test using the SPSS Statistics 22. The value of significance was determined at the value of p≤ 0.05 and the confidence interval 95%. Taking the BMI for reference, 59.9 % of participants fell into the obese and overweight categories (p<0.001). 35.78 % of the men had a waist circumference of 102 cm and above, while that of women was 88 cm and above in 48.45 %. Fish and tinned fish were eaten more than once a week by 7.5 %, raw vegetables at least once a day were consumed by 63.4 %, fruit once a day was consumed by 52.4 %. 20 % of the examinees did not include wholemeal bakery product in their diets at all, this was especially true of people with substantially increased metabolic risks. Consumption of sweet regular beverages and alcoholic drinks (beer, wine and hard liquor) was significantly higher in men than in women (p<0.05). Local population intervention programs that focus on moderating overweight, obesity, and the abdominal obesity and healthy diet are still needed.

This book deals with very different aspects of nutrition from different countries (qualities and quantities of food, their absorptions from the gastrointestinal tract, utilization in healthy human beings or in patients with different diseases, food and drug interactions, etc.). However, these different nutritional positions are different in the different countries. The 13 chapters were written by experts from countries in four continents (Asia, Africa, America, and Europe) and generally cover one nutritional problem each; however, if we analyze the results of all the chapters, we can see the most important nutritional problems from all over the world. This detailed analysis offers us an overview of this most urgent nutritional problem.We know that the world's population has increased exponentially in the last few decades (and is still increasing); however, foods and food products have increased more slowly. We have to solve these and other nutritional problems to ensure the health of generations to come.

Introduction. The aim of our study was to examine the participation, motivation and locations of sport activity of adult employed population in Hungary and Europe, highlighting the differences in sport participation among different occupation groups. Methods. The Eurobarometer (EB) is a set of international surveys conducted on behalf of the European Commission. The survey consisted of two modules, the ‘Standard EB’ which contains the core set of questions which are similar in every survey, and the ‘Special EB’ which included physical activity (PA) and sitting time (ST). In our research we used the Eurobarometer 2013 database. Results. According to ST we found significant differences between the European and Hungarian employed adults. Hungarian respondents spent less time with sitting. The proportion of respondents not doing any sports is the highest among Hungarian women (67,44%, CI: 64,24 - 70,64), and those who’s occupation is “supervisor”, “unskilled or skilled manual worker”, or whose job is an “employed position – travelling” or “employed position at desk” (62,64% (CI: 55.58 - 69.70) -72,41% (CI: 64,11-80,71). Conclusion. Our results show that more than one-third of Hungarian employees do not do regular sports, but overall spend less time sitting than the EU average. The amount of sitting and the proportion of inactive respondents is higher among women. Based on our analysis of job types we highlight office administrators’ work – with higher rate of females –which includes very little PA. Thus, the increase of PA among women and among administrative workers is the key focus of our further research.

Introduction: In recent years, undergraduates attending universities and other higher education institutions have been the focus of research. The aim of this study was to examine nutritional and other lifestyle factors of Hungarian college students.Methods: A survey was conducted on the measurement of the body weight and body fat percentages (via bioelectrical impedance analysis) of 5174 students (2116 males and 3058 females, mean age 22.7 +/- 4.41 years). Data was gathered on nutrition and lifestyle using a questionnaire designed by the investigators.Results: Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage average values, both the body mass and body fat indices of the men and the women were within the normal range. Approximately a third (38.7%) ate wholemeal products only once a day. Nearly three-quarters (about 71%) reported consumption of less than two servings of raw and processed fruit and vegetables per day. Women ate significantly more vegetables, fruit, wholemeal products and sugary snacks than men (p = 0.01). The BMI and the visceral fat levels also showed significant discrepancy between the groups with different life style and food consumption habits (p < 0.001). 72.9% of the students did not smoke and 45.5% regularly did sport.Conclusion: Diet and physical activity of Hungarian university students are better than those of Hungarian adults, but further improvement and lifestyle changes are needed. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.