BACKGROUND:This study aimed to compare blood pressure and vascular responses during isometric handgrip exercise and muscle metaboreflex activation in the offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes and individuals without a family history of diabetes. METHODS:The sample consisted of a family history of type 2 diabetes parents (n = 12; 30.92 ± 4.87 years) and those without a family history of diabetes (n = 12; 28.42 ± 5.43 years). Blood pressure (Dixtal®), heart rate (ECG-Dixtal®) and muscle blood flow (Hokanson®) were recorded for 3 min at baseline and 3 min during isometric handgrip exercise (Saehan®). Immediately after the exercise, circulatory occlusion was performed for 2 min to assess muscle metaboreflex activation. Additionally, the vascular conductance was calculated. A two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to test for possible differences between the groups for all variables under baseline conditions and during isometric handgrip exercise and to analyse the muscle metaboreflex activation. A significance level of p < 0.05 was adopted. RESULTS:Blood pressure, heart rate, muscle blood flow and vascular conductance showed similar baseline values in both groups, with significant and similar increases during the isometric handgrip exercise. Furthermore, for muscle metaboreflex activation, the systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure values were significantly and similarly increased compared with baseline in both groups. CONCLUSIONS:The blood pressure and vascular responses during isometric handgrip exercise, as well as the muscle metaboreflex activation of blood pressure, are preserved in the offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes compared to those without a family history of diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on respiratory strength, peripheral muscle strength, functional capacity, and quality of life in cancer patients undergoing treatment. Methods: A search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, PEDro, BIREME, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases. Randomized controlled trials with a population composed of adults undergoing treatment for any type of cancer were included. Studies with training protocols not clearly described, those using other types of controlled exercises, or training with linear load devices were excluded. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and I² statistic, considering a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The IMT group showed significantly greater respiratory strength (p < 0.001) and functional capacity (p = 0.01). No significant differences were observed in the other outcomes. Conclusion: IMT improved inspiratory muscle strength and functional capacity in cancer patients.

PURPOSE:Evaluate the effects of resistance and aerobic training on the quality of life (QoL), functional capacity, and body composition of patients with liver cirrhosis. METHODS:Studies published in the MEDLINE database via PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were analyzed. Patients with liver cirrhosis who performed aerobic or resistance exercises in the experimental group and controlled and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included, whereas publications with only abstracts, control groups that performed aerobic and/or resistance training, and studies that included cointervention in the experimental and control procedures were excluded. Study variables were QoL, VO2peak, body mass index (BMI), distance covered in the 6-minute walk test (6 MWT), and thigh circumference. PRISMA systematization was used to prepare this review. RESULTS:Six RCTs were included in this review, including 244 participants aged 53-63 years with Child-Pugh stages A, B, or C, and mostly men. With QoL as a continuous variable, the difference in standardized means was 0.36 [0.01 - 0.76]; p = 0.04 for studies that performed resistance training. With 6 MWT as a continuous variable, significant improvement was seen after resistance and aerobic training, and the difference in means was 49.39 [16.53 - 82.24]; p = 0.03. No difference was observed after performing aerobic and resistance exercises in relation to VO2peak, thigh circumference, or BMI (p > 0.05). Certainty of evidence assessed by the GRADE was between very low and moderate. CONCLUSION:Aerobic and resistance physical training appear to improve the QoL and functional capacity without changing body composition in patients with liver cirrhosis.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the effect of different intensities of Inspiratory Muscle Exercise (IME) on cardiac autonomic control during the period of post-exertion recovery in healthy adults. Thus, an experimental, controlled, and randomized study was conducted with 15 men aged from 18 to 40 years, including sedentary and healthy individuals. Participants underwent four IME sessions: a sham session, followed by sessions with 30%, 40%, and 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure. Pulse intervals were recorded using digital infrared photoplethysmography to obtain heart rate (HR) values. Measurements included HR, interbeat interval, standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences between adjacent normal RR intervals (RMSSD), percentage of adjacent RR intervals greater than 50ms (pNN50) (time domain), total power, power of low-frequency spectral bands (LF), and power of high-frequency spectral bands (HF) (ms²), LF and HF (n.u.), and LF/HF (frequency domain). These measures were assessed simultaneously for 10 minutes at rest and during recovery period (15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes). Two-way analysis of variance was used, considering a 5% significance level. We observed that RMSSD and pNN50 showed higher values compared to baseline (Time Effect: P=0.004; P<0.01, respectively). No differences were found in HRV measures in the frequency domain (Time Effect: P>0.05). Additionally, there was no difference in the comparison between intensities for all HRV measures (Session Effect: p>0.05). We conclude that, regardless of the applied load, there is a similar increase in parasympathetic cardiac autonomic modulation indices in the post-IME recovery period in healthy adults.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o efeito agudo do exercício resistido na pressão de perfusão ocular em indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: As recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses foram utilizadas. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados MEDLINE®, Embase, Cochrane, Cinahl, Web of Science e Scopus. Estudos que avaliaram a pressão de perfusão ocular antes e após o exercício físico foram incluídos. O risco de viés foi analisado pela Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies with no Control Group. Metanálises de efeitos aleatórios foram conduzidas para determinar o efeito do exercício físico de handgrip e agachamento na pressão de perfusão ocular. Resultados: Foram encontrados 1.414 estudos dos quais 14 foram elegíveis para nossa análise. Após a realização do exercício resistido, foi observado aumento da pressão de perfusão ocular após o exercício físico de handgrip (11,94 mmHg; IC95% 5,54-18,33; I2= 93,74%; p < 0,01) e após a realização do exercício físico de agachamento (36,66%; IC95% 29,04-44,08; I2= 80,48%; p < 0,01), porém, sem mudanças significativas no fluxo sanguíneo ocular. Conclusão: O exercício físico resistido moderado parece aumentar a pressão de perfusão ocular em indivíduos saudáveis. Entretanto, exercícios resistidos executados até a falha muscular concêntrica parecem diminuir essa variável.

BACKGROUND:Ultramarathon running poses physiological challenges, impacting cardiac function. This systematic review and meta-analysis explore the acute effects of single-stage ultramarathon running on cardiac function. METHODS:Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations were followed. Searches covered Medline, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Central Cochrane, and Scopus. Random effects meta-analyses assessed left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) variables, expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS:Among 6972 studies, 17 were included. Post-ultramarathon reductions were found in LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (-1.24; 95% CI = -1.77, -0.71 mm), LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (-9.92; 95% CI = -15.25, -4.60 ml), LV stroke volume (LVSV) (-8.96 ml, 95% CI -13.20, -4.72 ml), LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (-3.71; 95% CI = -5.21, -2.22%), LV global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) (-1.48; 95% CI = -2.21, -0.76%), E/A (-0.30; 95% CI = -0.38, -0.22 cm/s), .E' (-1.35 cm/s, 95% CI -1.91, -0.79 cm/s), RV fractional area change (RVFAC) (-3.34, 95% CI = -5.84, -0.84%), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (-0.12, 95% CI = -0.22, -0.02 cm), RV global longitudinal strain (RVGLS) (-1.73, 95% CI = -2.87, -0.59%), with increases in RV end-diastolic area (RVEDA) (1.89, 95% CI = 0.63, 3.14 cm2), RV Peak A' (1.32 cm/s, 95% CI 0.20, 2.44), and heart rate (18.24, 95% CI = 15.16, 21.32). No significant differences were observed in LV end-systolic diameter (LVESD), LV end-systolic volume (LVESV), RV end-diastolic diameter (RVEDD), RV Peak E', and RV Peak S'. CONCLUSIONS:Evidence suggests immediate impairment of systolic and diastolic cardiac function post-ultramarathon running.

Purpose: To compare the ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) response during physical exercise in individuals with and without a family history (FH+, FH−) of glaucoma. Methods: Thirty-four subjects, divided into FH+ and FH− groups, realized 3 min at rest, 3 min of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, followed by 3 min of recovery. Blood pressure (Dixtal® automatic device) and intraocular pressure (Goldmann applanation tonometer) were measured during rest, exercise, and recovery. The mean OPP (mOPP) was calculated. Results: In the FH+ group (17 subjects), baseline mOPP values were significantly lower than in the FH− group (17 subjects) (right eye: P < 0.001, left eye: P < 0.001, respectively). During exercise, both the FH+ and FH− groups showed a similar increase in mOPP in both eyes (right eye: FH+: 38 ± 4 mmHg vs. 51 ± 7 mmHg, FH−: 48 ± 5 mmHg vs. 57 ± 9 mmHg, P < 0.001; left eye: FH+: 39 ± 3 mmHg vs. 51 ± 7 mmHg; FH−: 46 ± 5 mmHg vs. 58 ± 8 mmHg, P < 0.001, respectively). However, the FH+ group maintained significantly lower mOPP values compared to the FH− group in the right and left eyes (group effect: P = 0.002, P = 0.002, respectively). The percentage of increase in mOPP in the FH+ group was greater compared to the FH− group during exercise (right eye: 34.1% ± 15.9% vs. 22.1% ± 13.2%, respectively; P = 0.025; left eye: 33.2% ± 17.7% vs. 22.4% ± 13.7%, respectively, P = 0.056). Conclusions: mOPP increased during physical exercise in both groups, but the FH+ group had lower absolute values. In addition, the FH+ group appears to demonstrate a higher percentage increase in mOPP compared to the FH− group.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito de diferentes intensidades de exercício muscular inspiratório (EMI) no controle autonômico cardíaco no período de recuperação pós esforço em adultos saudáveis. Foi realizado estudo experimental, controlado e randomizado com 15 homens entre 18-40anos, sedentários e saudáveis em quatro sessões de EMI: Sham, 30%, 40% e 60% da pressão inspiratória máxima. Intervalos de pulso foram registrados por fotopletismografia digital infravermelha obtendo valores frequência cardíaca (FC). FC, intervalo entre batimentos, desvio-padrão da média de todos os intervalos RR normais (SDNN), raiz quadrada da média do quadrado das diferenças entre intervalos RR normais adjacentes (RMSSD), porcentagem dos intervalos RR adjacentes com diferença de duração maior que 50ms (pNN50) (domínio do tempo), potência total, potência das bandas espectrais de baixa frequência (LF) e potência das bandas espectrais de alta frequência (HF) (ms²), LF e HF (n.u.) e LF/HF (domínio da frequência) foram medidos simultaneamente por dez minutos no basal e período de recuperação (15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos). Foi utilizado ANOVA two-way, considerando nível de significância de 5%. O RMSSD e pNN50 apresentaram no período de recuperação valores maiores em relação ao basal (efeito tempo: P =0,004; P <0,01, respectivamente). Não houve diferença para variáveis de VFC no domínio da frequência (efeito tempo: P>0,05). Não houve diferença na comparação entre as intensidades para todas as variáveis de VFC (efeito sessões: P>0,05). Concluímos que, independentemente da carga empregada, há aumento semelhante dos índices da modulação autonômica cardíaca parassimpática no período de recuperação pós sessão de EMI em adultos saudáveis.

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is the most prevalent type of diabetes worldwide. Its treatment aims to control glycemic levels, with regular physical exercise being one of its pillars. The hypoglycemic effect of physical exercise varies according to the intensity, duration, type, and time of day it is performed. Synthesize the scientific evidence on the effect of a single session of continuous (AEc) or interval (AEi) aerobic exercise and/or resistance exercise (RE) on post-exercise glycemia in individuals with T2DM. The study protocol (CRD42022289985) followed PRISMA guidelines. The search strategies were elaborated from the acronym PICO (P: individuals ≥ 18 years old with DM2; I: a single session of aerobic and/or resistance exercise; C: no exercise or any exercise that did not meet the characteristics of the intervention; O: glycemia measured before and up to 24h post-exercise). The electronic databases CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Google Scholar, LILACS, MEDLINE/Ovid, SciELO, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched, including randomized and non-randomized clinical trials published from the inception of the databases until February 2022, without limitation of language. The "Risk of Bias" tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Reduction or no significant change in post-exercise glycemia is expressed as (↓) or (↔), respectively. 25 articles published between 1997 and 2021 were included from 6,237 retrieved from the literature. The total sample consisted of 424 participants (men = 290, women = 119, unreported = 15) aged between 21 and 70 years, with mean values of glycated hemoglobin between 6.0±0.3% and 10.4± 3.0% and body mass index between 22.2±2.3 and 37.0±5.7 kg/m². The duration of the exercise sessions varied between 10 and 60 minutes, with moderate to high intensities, and most (72%) were performed in the morning. Thirteen studies investigated AEc vs. control [glycemia: AEc ↓, control ↔ (n=10); AEc and control ↔ (n=3)]; five investigated AEi vs. control [glycemia: AEi ↓, control ↔ (n=2); AEi and control ↔ (n=3)]; three studied AEc vs. AEi vs. control [glycemia: AEc and AEi ↓, control ↔ (n=2); AEc, AEi, and control ↔ (n=1)], three investigated RE vs. control [glycemia: RE and control ↔ (n=3)], and one study investigated AEc vs. RE vs. AEc+RE vs. RE+AEc vs. control [glycemia: AEc and RE isolated and combined ↓, control ↔]. The significant reduction in glycemia was up to 24 hours post-AEc, up to 30 minutes post-AEi, up to 60 minutes post-RE, and up to 45 minutes after AEc and RE combined. The risk of bias was low in 5%, some concerns in 85%, and high in 10% of the included studies. Sequentially, the most recurrent findings were that (1) a single isolated AEc session and (2) a single isolated AEi session can promote a significant reduction in post-exercise glycemia in individuals with T2DM, with the duration of this effect longer after isolated AEc. The daily practice of aerobic exercises is essential for treating T2DM.

BACKGROUND:Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most prevalent in the world population, and exercise is one of the main non-pharmacological interventions to treat this health condition. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of a single session of aerobic exercise (AE) and/or resistance exercise (RE) on post-exercise glycemia in individuals with T2D. METHODS:A literature search was conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Google Scholar, LILACS, MEDLINE/Ovid, SciELO, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science up to May 2024, randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were included. The risk of bias and the certainty of evidence were assessed using the Cochrane "Risk of Bias" and GRADE tools, respectively. RESULTS:Initially, 7210 studies were identified, 26 were included in the systematic review, and 13 in the meta-analysis. A single session of continuous AE (CAE), interval AE (IAE), or RE promoted a significant reduction in glycemia in the first minute after exercise (-1.48 mmol/L [95 % CI:-1.73, -1.23]; -2.66 mmol/L [95 % CI:-3.48, -1.84]; -1.18 mmol/L [95 % CI:-2.15, -0.21], respectively), compared to the control session. This reduction persisted for up to 10 min after the CAE session (-1.61 mmol/L [95 % CI:-2.21, -1.01]) and up to 30 min after the IAE session (-1.11 mmol/L [95 % CI:-1.88, -0.35]). The risk of bias was assessed as uncertain, and the quality of the evidence was moderate. CONCLUSION:CAE and IAE reduces glycemia for a period of up to 10 or 30 min after its completion, respectively, while a single session of RE reduces glycemia only in the first-minute post-exercise in individuals with T2D.

Reduced cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) is an autonomic marker associated with a worse cardiovascular prognosis. Whether cBRS is lowered in people living with HIV (PLHIV) is yet unclear, as well as potential moderator effects of body mass index (BMI) or physical activity (PA) level. The present study aims to compare the spontaneous cBRS in PLHIV vs. HIV-uninfected controls, and to determine among PLHIV the relationship between cBRS vs. body mass index (BMI) and PA level. Total, upward (cBRS+), and downward (cBRS-) cBRS gains were assessed using the sequential method from beat-to-beat blood pressure at rest in 16 PLHIV (46.5±8.4 years) under antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months, and 16 HIV-uninfected controls (CTL; 42.1±8.0 years). PA level was assessed by the Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ short version) overall score. PLHIV showed lower total cBRS (8.7±3.1 vs. 15.3±7.7 ms.mmHg-1; p < 0.01), cBRS+ (9.2±4.9 vs. 16.0±6.8 ms.mmHg-1; p < 0.01) and cBRS- (9.5±4.9 vs. 15.3±9.3 ms.mmHg-1; p < 0.01) vs. CTL. No between-group difference was found for BMI (PLHIV: 25.2±2.6 vs. CTL: 26.8±3.2 kg.m-2; p > 0.05) or IPAQ score (PLHIV: 2.4±1.0 vs. CTL: 2.0±1.4; p > 0.05). In PLHIV, total cBRS was inversely correlated vs. BMI (r = -0.44; p = 0.04), but not vs. IPAQ score (r = 0.17; p = 0.26). HIV infection may reduce spontaneous cBRS, which seemed to be moderated by higher BMI, but not PA level of PLHIV.

A hipertensão arterial é uma das principais causas de óbito no Brasil e no mundo. Investigações sugerem que a prática de yoga pode ser estratégia complementar interessante para o tratamento da doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar revisão sistemática e metanálise sobre os efeitos dessa prática na pressão arterial de pessoas com hipertensão arterial. Dois revisores realizaram as buscas nas bases de dados Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane e LILACS. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados controlados que investigaram o efeito da prática de yoga nos níveis de pressão arterial de voluntários adultos com hipertensão arterial. A Metanálise de efeitos aleatórios foi conduzida para determinar o efeito do yoga na pressão arterial, utilizando o software Stata (version 16.0, StataCrop, College Station, Texas, USA). Foram encontrados 945 artigos e, após verificar os critérios de elegibilidade, foram incluídos 10 estudos. Destes 10 estudos, 8 relataram redução significativa nos níveis pressóricos após o período de intervenção com yoga. Por meio da metanálise, o treinamento físico yoga reduziu significativamente a pressão arterial sistólica (MD = -7,28; 95% IC = -11,32; -3,23 mmHg) e a pressão arterial diastólica (MD = -4,81; 95% CI = -8,22; -1,40 mmHg) de pessoas com hipertensão arterial. A prática de yoga é eficaz para redução da pressão arterial em indivíduos com hipertensão arterial.

RESUMO A literatura carece de um consenso sobre respostas hemodinâmicas durante o exercício muscular inspiratório (EMI). Este estudo buscou avaliar e comparar as respostas hemodinâmicas durante uma sessão de EMI com e sem carga resistiva. Para tanto, 15 homens sedentários foram submetidos a duas sessões randomizadas de EMI: 40% da pressão inspiratória máxima (EMI 40%) e sem carga resistiva (sham), realizadas por dois minutos em oito sessões e com intervalos de um minuto. A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD), pressão arterial média (PAM), resistência periférica total (RPT), volume sistólico (VS), débito cardíaco (DC) e frequência cardíaca (FC) foram medidos por fotopletismografia infravermelha digital por cinco minutos basais e durante as sessões de EMI. Anova de uma via e o teste t de Student para dados pareados foram usados para analisar a resposta hemodinâmica e os valores delta entre as sessões. O tamanho do efeito foi avaliado pelo d de Cohen. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. As respostas de PAS (sham: ∆−1±2 vs. 40%: ∆−4±2mmHg, p=0,27), PAD (sham: ∆2±1 vs. 40%: ∆1±2mmHg, p=0,60) e PAM (sham: ∆2±1 vs. 40%: ∆0±2mmHg, p=0,28) foram semelhantes entre as sessões. Os aumentos da FC foram maiores na sessão de EMI 40% do que nas sessões sham (sham: ∆9±2 vs. 40%: ∆3±2bpm, p=0,001). O VS diminuiu exclusivamente durante a sessão sham mas a resposta foi semelhante entre as sessões (sham: ∆−2±2 vs. EMI 40%: ∆−6±2ml, p=0,13). Ambas as sessões não causaram alteração nas variáveis PAS, PAD, PAM, DC e RPT, mas notamos um aumento maior da FC na sessão EMI 40%. Apenas a sessão sham reduziu o VS.

ABSTRACT The literature on hemodynamic responses during inspiratory muscle exercise (IME) lacks a consensus. To evaluate and compare hemodynamic responses during an IME session with and without resistive load, 15 sedentary men were subjected to two randomized IME sessions: one with 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure (IME 40%) and another without a resistive load (Sham), both of which were performed for two minutes over eight sessions with one-minute intervals. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), total peripheral resistance (TPR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and heart rate (HR) were measured by infrared digital photoplethysmography during five basal minutes and during the IME sessions. One-way analysis of variance and the Student’s t test for paired data were used to analyze hemodynamic response and delta values between sessions. Effect size was evaluated by Cohen’s D. A 5% significance level was adopted. SBP responses (sham: ∆−1±2 vs. 40%: ∆−4±2mmHg, p=0.27), DBP (sham: ∆2±1 vs. 40%: ∆1±2mmHg, p=0.60) and MBP (sham: ∆2±1 vs. 40%: ∆0±2mmHg, p=0.28) were similar between sessions. HR increases were higher in the 40% IME session than in the sham session (sham: ∆9±2 vs. 40%: ∆3±2bpm, p=0.001). SV only decreased during the sham session but responses were similar between sessions (sham: ∆−2±2 vs. IME 40%: ∆−6±2ml, p=0.13). Both sessions did not change SBP, DBP, MBP, CO, and TPR, but we observed a greater increase in HR in the IME 40% session. Only the Sham session decreased SV.

Offspring of glaucoma parents and low levels of intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) may be associated with increased prevalence of glaucoma. The OPP response during exercise needs to be further investigated. PURPOSE: To evaluate OPP response in offspring of glaucoma parents during exercise. METHODS: Fifteen offspring of glaucoma parents (G+ Group, 34 ± 11 years) and thirteen offspring of without glaucoma parents (G-Group, 30 ± 7 years) matched by age were evaluated. Systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure (SBP, DBP and MBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured by the oscillometric method (Dixtal 2022) during 3 minutes of rest, 3 minutes of isometric handgrip at 30% maximal voluntary contraction and 3 minutes of recovery. IOP was evaluated at the end of rest, exercise and recovery (Goldmann applanation tonometry). The OPP was calculated: OPP = ((2/3 x mean blood pressure) - IOP)). Primary variables were subjected to two-way ANOVA (group vs. time). P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: SBP, DBP and MBP increased during exercise in both groups. However, Group G+ showed lower values throughout the protocol when compared to Group G- (SBP: p time = 0.001; p group = 0.021; p interaction = 0.229; DBP: p time = 0.001; p group = 0.022; p interaction = 0.354; MBP: p time = 0.001; p group = 0.015; p interaction = 0.256). HR increased similarly in both groups (p time = 0.001; p group = 0.372; p interaction = 0.550). IOP in the right and left eyes increased similarly in both groups (p time = 0.001; p time = 0.001; p group = 0.875; p group = 0.632; p interaction = 0.962; p interaction = 0.950, respectively). OPP in the right and left eyes increased during exercise in G+ group and G- group (right eye; rest: 40 ± 4 vs. 47 ± 5; exercise: 52 ± 8 vs 58 ± 9; recovery: 42 ± 7 vs. 46 ± 5 mmHg, p time = 0.001, respectively; left eye: rest: 40 ± 3 vs. 47 ± 5; exercise: 52 ± 8 vs. 58 ± 8; recovery: 42 ± 6 vs. 45 ± 6 mmHg, p time = 0.001, respectively), however, Group G+ presented lower values when compared to Group G- throughout the experimental protocol (p group = 0.012; p interaction = 0.225 and p group = 0.009; p interaction = 0.285, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The OPP increased in offspring of glaucoma parents during exercise, however, with significantly lower values when compared to the offspring without glaucoma parents.

Verificar o comportamento cardiovascular de homens normotensos com histórico familiar positivo para hipertensão arterial proveniente da mãe e de homens normotensos com histórico familiar proveniente do pai após uma sessão de exercício aeróbio. Foram selecionados 35 homens adultos divididos nos grupos: HF+mãe (somente mãe com hipertensão arterial, n=14) e HF+pai (somente pai com hipertensão arterial, n=21). Os participantes foram submetidos ao exercício aeróbio, em cicloergômetro (Kikos®), por 50 minutos, em intensidade de 50 a 70% da frequência cardíaca de reserva (sessão exercício) e a uma sessão controle. As variáveis pressão arterial média (FinometerPro®) e fluxo sanguíneo do antebraço (Pletismografia de Oclusão Venosa-Hokanson®) foram registradas continuamente durante 10 minutos pré e 30 minutos pós cada sessão. A resistência vascular do antebraço foi calculada pela divisão da pressão arterial média pelo fluxo sanguíneo do antebraço. Foi considerado p≤0,05 como diferença significativa. No grupo HF+mãe a pressão arterial média e a resistência vascular do antebraço não modificaram significativamente no momento pós em relação ao momento pré-exercício. Diferentemente, no grupo HF+pai a pressão arterial média e resistência vascular do antebraço reduziram significativamente na recuperação do exercício. Na sessão controle essas variáveis aumentaram significativamente no pós em relação ao pré, em ambos os grupos. O exercício físico não provocou modificações no sistema cardiovascular de homens normotensos, com histórico familiar positivo para hipertensão proveniente da mãe. Enquanto aqueles com histórico familiar positivo para hipertensão proveniente do pai apresentaram hipotensão pós-exercício, comportamento parcialmente justificado pela diminuição da resistência vascular do antebraço.

Introduction: The word endurance has an English origin and means the ability to withstand suffering for a long period of time without giving up. In sports, the term endurance refers to low and medium intensity modalities that lasts from 1 to 2.5 hours, and ultra-endurance when it lasts above 2.5 hours, for instance sports like running, swimming, cycling, triathlon, climbing, among others. Objective: this study aims to review the main guidelines of official bodies on the subject, in order to verify whether the recommendations are convergent. Materials and methods: a review of specialized literature was carried out, using the Pubmed and Lilacs databases. Results: eight guidelines were selected. Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude that the recommendations for carbohydrate intake and supplementation are convergent among the official bodies. For water intake, it was unanimous the orientation to individualize according to the losses of each athlete. On the other hand, the guidelines on sodium replacement have many divergences and, therefore, the ideal is to assess the sodium concentrations in the sweat of each athlete so that it is possible to plan a safer and more assertive supplementation. The guidelines are great for dietary prescription, as long as the individualities of each sport and athlete are considered, respecting the periodization and level of training, food preferences, gastrointestinal tolerance, acclimatization status, among other factors.

Introdução: O pré-condicionamento isquêmico (PCI) tem demostrado efeito protetor aos tecidos contra danos isquêmicos subsequentes, já que aparenta estar relacionado aos mecanismos vasodilatadores vasculares. Sabe-se que uma sessão aguda de PCI traz efeitos vasodilatadores endotélio dependente. Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente o efeito crônico da realização do PCI sobre a função vascular. Métodos: Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados eletrônicas Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Lilacs, SciElo, Web of Science e Scopus, sendo considerados ensaios clínicos controlados publicados até fevereiro de 2022. As buscas foram realizadas utilizando os descritores: Ischemic preconditioning; Preconditioning, Ischemic; Ischemic Pre-Conditioning; Ischemic Pre Conditioning; Pre-Conditioning, Ischemic; regional blood flow; Vascular Endothelium; Vasodilatation; Endothelium, vascular. Os artigos incluídos após análise de elegibilidade tiveram sua qualidade metodológica avaliada por meio da escala de classificação Downs and Black. Resultados: Foram encontrados 622 artigos dos quais apenas 11 preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade. Os 11 artigos possuíam uma população heterogênea composta por jovens saudáveis, pessoas com diagnóstico de diabetes Mellitus, doença arterial coronariana, hipertensão arterial sistêmica e acidente vascular encefálico, além de tabagistas. Foi demonstrado melhora da função vascular após a aplicação do protocolo de PCI de forma crônica. Adicionalmente, cinco desses artigos demostraram a melhora da função vascular por via dependente do endotélio, três por via endotélio independente e outros três estudos melhora tanto de forma dependente quanto independente. Conclusão: O PCI aplicado de forma crônica parece melhorar a função vascular, tanto por via endotélio dependente como independente.

To investigate the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in addition to conventional physical rehabilitation on muscle strength, functional capacity, mobility, hemodynamics, fatigue, and quality of life in hospitalized patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We conducted a randomized controlled trial in 57 inpatients with hematological diseases undergoing HSCT. Conventional inpatient physical rehabilitation was delivered to the IMT (n = 27) and control (CON; n = 30) groups according to usual care, and the first group additionally performed IMT. The IMT was prescribed according to clinical and laboratory parameters at 40