A novel method was developed to determine six triazine herbicides from brown sugar samples using matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) based on silica gel impregnated with deep eutectic solvent (DES) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC/PDA). Several factors involved in the MSPD procedure such as DES type, DES content in impregnated silica gel, adsorbent-to-sample mass ratio, type and volume of washing solvent, type and volume of eluent, and grinding time were screened using single-factor experiments and then optimized using Box-Behnken design to accomplish the highest recoveries. The above method demonstrated a good linear range (20–1000 μg kg−1) with a determination coefficient exceeding 0.9962, low limits of determination (1.59–3.77 μg kg−1), acceptable limits of quantifications, and acceptable spiking recoveries (95.0–101.7%) for six triazines under optimized conditions. The proposed MSPD-HPLC/PDA method is a convenient, effective, and sensitive method for rapidly isolating and quantifying six triazines from brown sugar.

Platinum(II) complexes are the most commonly used anticancer drugs and potential optical materials, but the detectability of Pt(II) complex-based probes is seldom reported. In our previous work, a tetradentate Pt(II) complex Pt-CHO was utilised as a 'turn-off' probe to detect ClO- and image cancer cells. However, the recognition mechanism has not been completely clarified and there are still doubts. In this work, three Pt(II) complexes, Pt-H, Pt-CHO and Pt-COOH, were developed to elucidate the mechanism of this class of complexes and refine their property studies. As a result, the UV-visible absorption and luminescence emission experiments, as well as the mass spectrum, proved that the oxidation of Pt(II) to Pt(IV) was the real reason for luminescence quenching, which has nothing to do with aldehyde groups. This first reported mechanism introduces a new type of ClO- probe based on Pt(II) complexes, thereby expanding the application fields of platinum complexes. Moreover, the quantum yield measurements, the effect of biomolecules and reversibility were studied to improve the properties of the probes. Theoretical calculations were used to gain an in-depth understanding of optical characteristics and related mechanisms. The cell imaging of RAW264.7 cells under endogenous ClO- proved the potential of the probes in bioimaging.

This study successfully prepared a solid acid catalyst derived from bagasse with phosphotungstic acid and applied it to the sugar degradation reaction. The optimum temperature and catalyst loading were found to be 423 K and 200 mg/5 mL, respectively, at a 150 mg/mL substrate concentration with an optimum reaction time of 8 h and a 56.2% yield of fructose. The optimum 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and furfural yield were 57.3% and 63.3%, respectively. The specific surface area of the PTA@Bagasse catalyst obtained was about 4.32 m2/g and was properly recycled. The catalytic activity recovery was good even after 5 batch reactions. Under optimal reaction conditions, the catalyst showed particular advantage in catalyzing the reaction of glucose isomerization. These results suggest that bagasse-based solid catalyst loaded with phosphotungstic acid is environmentally and economically promising for biorefinery and may find wide applications. This paper reported a novel catalyst highly selective conversion of glucose to fructose under mild reaction conditions by replacing sulfuric acid with environmentally friendly phosphotungstic acid and using mesoporous carbon material prepared from cheap bagasse as a carrier. The prepared PTA@Bagasse catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity and fructose selectivity in the glucose isomerization reaction.