Glycosylated natural products and their derivatives are important pharmaceutical agents.

Nine new pentacyclic polyketides, fasamycins G-K (1-5) and formicamycins N-Q (6-9), along with 10 known analogues (10-19), were isolated from a rhizospheric soil-derived Streptomyces sp. KIB-1414. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by interpretation of NMR and HRMS data and comparisons of CD data. The compounds were active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli strains, with MIC values ranging from 0.20 to 50.00 μg/mL.

Our natural products discovery program utilizes endophytic actinomycetes associated with plants and employs biological assays and HPLC-based metabolite profiles as the preliminary screen to identify strains of interest, followed by large-scale fermentation and isolation, leading to new and/or bioactive natural products. Six new trialkyl-substituted aromatic acids, namely, lorneic acids E-J (1-6), together with two known analogues (7 and 8), were isolated and identified from the culture extract of Streptomyces sp. KIB-H1289, an endophytic actinomycete obtained from the inner tissue of the bark of Betula mandshurica Nakai. The structures were characterized by interpretation of their spectroscopic data, mainly 1D and 2D NMR. Among them, compound 5 contains a unique disulfide bond that is presumably derived from N-acetylcysteine. All isolated metabolites were evaluated for their inhibitory activity on tyrosinase.

The pyridine ring is a potent pharmacophore in alkaloid natural products. Nonetheless, its biosynthetic pathways are poorly understood. Rubrolones A and B are tropolone alkaloid natural products possessing a unique tetra-substituted pyridine moiety. Here, we report the gene cluster and propose a biosynthetic pathway for rubrolones, identifying a key intermediate that accumulates upon inactivation of sugar biosynthetic genes. Critically, this intermediate was converted to the aglycones of rubrolones by non-enzymatic condensation and cyclization with either ammonia or anthranilic acid to generate the respective pyridine rings. We propose that this non-enzymatic reaction occurs via hydrolysis of the key intermediate, which possesses a 1,5-dione moiety as an amine acceptor capable of cyclization. This study suggests that 1,5-dione moieties may represent a general strategy for pyridine ring biosynthesis, and more broadly highlights the utility of non-enzymatic diversification for exploring and expanding natural product chemical space.

A new hygrolidin-type macrolide (1), together with one known derivative, oxohygrolidin (2), were isolated from the culture of Streptomyces sp. KIB-H869. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Moreover, by the biogenesis ratiocination and NMR data comparison, halichomycin and 2 were confirmed to have the same structure, which corrects the structural misrepresentation of halichomycin. The antifungal activities of the two compounds were evaluated.

[isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activity]

利用硅胶柱层析和制备型高效液相色谱等方法从来自土壤的一株链霉菌Streptomyces sp.KIB-H91的发酵液中分离得到4种醌类化合物,通过分析其理化性质和波谱数据,分别鉴定为endocrocin(1)、laccaic acid D(2)、sarubicin A (3)和sarubicin B(4),其中,sarubicin B (4)的13C和HMBC核磁数据为本文首次报道.抗菌敏感性试验发现化合物3对大肠杆菌ATCC 8099的最小抑制浓度(MIC)为25μg/mL,化合物4对枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC 6633的最小抑制浓度为12.5 μg/mL.

This study is to establish physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of famitinib in rat and monkey, and then to predict the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of famitinib in human based on the PBPK models. According to published paper, previous studies and the chemical properties of famitinib predicted by ACD/ADME suite and SimCYP, the PBPK models of rat and monkey were established and optimized using GastroPlus. And then, the PBPK models were applied to predict the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution of famitinib in human. The results showed that the PBPK models of rat and monkey can fit the observed data well, and the AUC0-∞, ratios of observed and calculated data in rat and monkey were 1.00 and 0.97, respectively. The AUC0-∞, ratios of observed and predicted data in human were 1.63 (rat to human) and 1.57 (monkey to human), respectively. The rat and monkey PBPK models of famitinib were well established, and the PBPK models were applied in predicting pharmacokinetic of famitinib in human successfully. Hence, the PBPK model of famitinib in human could be applied in future drug-drug interaction study.