The theme of this study is to investigate the influence of the chemical reaction and activation energy on MHD peristaltic flow of Jeffery nanofluids in an inclined symmetric channel through a porous medium. Joule heating, radiation, viscous dissipation, heat generation/absorption, activation energy, and thermal diffusion and diffusion thermo effects are involved. The long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations are used to simplify the non-linear equations that govern the flow. Then, the simplified equations are solved by using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). We have depicted the velocity, temperature, solute concentration, and nanoparticles volume friction graphically. Physical explanations for the results are provided. The influence of interest parameters on entropy generation is also observed. Numerical results for the heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are presented. The results revealed that an increase in the value of the ratio of relaxation to retardation times of Jeffery nanofluid enhances the velocity distribution, while a reduction in the solute concentration distribution occurs by increasing the activation energy parameter and the temperature difference parameter . We also discovered that an increase of the chemical reaction parameter increases the temperature profile and decreases the velocity and solute concentration profiles. Furthermore, the velocity becomes lower along the normal axis y and ends up with the minimum value near the upper wall of the channel. Also, the maximum and minimum values of the velocity increase with an increase of the second order slip parameter , while they decrease as Darcy number increases

In terms of food irradiation, ionizing radiation in the form of gamma radiation or electron beam is currently allowed and employed as a non-thermal procedure for ensuring food safety and quality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of radiation on viability of certain isolated food borne pathogenic bacteria like E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis in meat products. In food irradiation, the requested dose of D10 value to inactivate 90% of microbial population was 0.39, 0.49, 0.45, 0.54, and 0.57 kGy, being exposed to gamma radiation, and 0.41, 0.52, 0.48, 0.58, and 0.63 kGy for electron beam respectively suggesting that gamma radiation is more efficient than electron beam irradiation. The effect of radiation on the bacterial load have been assessed by injecting the smoky flesh samples with a cocktail of abovementioned bacteria in presence of natural microflora, and then subjected to 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 kGy. These bacteria were inhibited to undetectable levels (>10 CFU/g) and total bacterial counts were greatly reduced at 4.0 kGy from either gamma or an electron beam radiation, indicating that this irradiation dose can be used to control some foodborne pathogenic bacteria of public health concern. E. coli was the most sensitive tested bacteria to irradiation, whereas Enterococcus faecalis was the most resistant.

This article discusses the effects of entropy generation as well as slip velocity condition on MHD Jeffery nanofluid flow through a porous medium in a channel with peristalsis. We take the effects of mixed convection, heat source, double diffusion and chemical reaction into consideration. Using the assumption of low-Reynolds number and long-wavelength, series solutions of the governing equations are obtained via homotopy perturbation method. Results will be discussed at various parameters of the problem and drawn graphically. Physically, our model is consistent with the motion of digestive juice in the bowel whenever we are going to insert an endoscopy through it. It is noticed that the axial velocity magnifies with an increase in the values of both first and second slip parameters. Meanwhile, the value of the axial velocity reduces with the elevation in the values of both Grashoff and Darcy numbers. On the other hand, the elevation in the value of thermal radiation leads to a reduction in the value of fluid temperature. Furthermore, increasing in the value of order of chemical reaction parameter makes an enhancement in the value of the solutal concentration. It is noticed also that the entropy generation enhances with the increment in the value of Eckert number. The current study has many accomplishments in several scientific areas like engineering industry, medicine, and others. Therefore, it represents the gastric juice motion depiction in the human body when an endoscope is inserted through it.

One anastomosis/mini gastric bypass (OAGB/MGB) is up to date the third most performed obesity and metabolic procedure worldwide, which recently has been endorsed by ASMBS. The main criticisms are the risk of bile reflux, esophageal cancer, and malnutrition. Although IFSO has recognized this procedure, guidance is needed regarding selection criteria. To give clinicians a daily support in performing the right patient selection in OAGB/MGB, the aim of this paper is to generate clinical guidelines based on an expert modified Delphi consensus. A committee of 57 recognized bariatric surgeons from 24 countries created 69 statements. Modified Delphi consensus voting was performed in two rounds. An agreement/disagreement among ≥ 70.0% of the experts was considered to indicate a consensus. Consensus was achieved for 56 statements. Remarkably, ≥ 90.0% of the experts felt that OAGB/MGB is an acceptable and suitable option “in patients with Body mass index (BMI) > 70, BMI > 60, BMI > 50 kg/m2 as a one-stage procedure,” “as the second stage of a two-stage bariatric surgery after Sleeve Gastrectomy for BMI > 50 kg/m2 (instead of BPD/DS),” and “in patients with weight regain after restrictive procedures. No consensus was reached on the statement that OAGB/MGB is a suitable option in case of resistant Helicobacter pylori. This is likely as there is a concern that this procedure is associated with reflux and its related long-term complications including risk of cancer in the esophagus or stomach. Also no consensus reached on OAGB/MGB as conversional surgery in patients with GERD after restrictive procedures. Consensus for disagreement was predominantly achieved “in case of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach” (74.55%), “in patients with severe Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)(C,D)” (75.44%), “in patients with Barrett’s metaplasia” (89.29%), and “in documented insulinoma” (89.47%). Patient selection in OAGB/MGB is still a point of discussion among experts. There was consensus that OAGB/MGB is a suitable option in elderly patients, patients with low BMI (30–35 kg/m2) with associated metabolic problems, and patients with BMIs more than 50 kg/m2 as one-stage procedure. OAGB/MGB can also be a safe procedure in vegetarian and vegan patients. Although OAGB/MGB can be a suitable procedure in patients with large hiatal hernia with concurrent hiatal hernia, it should not be offered to patients with grade C or D esophagitis or Barrett’s metaplasia.

Cultivated table mushrooms are highly susceptible to a variety of microbial pathogens including bacteria. Consumers require high quality plates; completely white, a closed veil, short stalk and unclear gills. Bacterial browning in mushroom or what is known as mushroom blotch can affect outer surface of mushroom, either caps or stalks or both. This short article presents an outline of collected data, statistics and experimental analyses that cover the pattern and significance of bacterial brown blotch, the causal agent in relation to marketing of button mushrooms. Twelve bacterial isolates were isolated from superficial brown discolorations on the caps of cultivated Agaricus bisporus . Pathogenicity test of all the proposed isolates nearly induced the same virulence pattern on cubes of A. bisporus sliced from caps but with varied browning size and color. According to applied techniques used in identification, P. tolaasii was the major bacterial isolate associated with all plates containing blotched mushrooms collected during the study period. In addition, other isolates were identified as isolates of P. fluorescens , P. Marginalis and P. “reactans” .

Dental plaque is a poly-microbial biofilm that forms in the mouth and is the source of oral infections. However, when these microbes or their components enter the connective tissues or circulation, they may increase the risk for some systemic diseases. Plaque contains a variety of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular matrix of polymers that can also develop between the teeth and the gingival crevice Melittin, making it difficult to be reached by antibiotics in case of an infection. Treatment with Phospholipase A2, traditional antibiotics becomes more challenging due to biofilm formation. Bee HPLC. venom (BV) has anti-inflammatory, Our study was conducted using 150 oral swap samples of dental plaque patients from the Oral medicine and periodontitis department – Faculty of Dentistry –at Alexandria University. After purification and identification by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) biotype. Only 39 bacterial isolates were taken. Two different honeybee strains, Apis mellifera yamentica, and Apis mellifera carnica from a private farm in the Ganaklis area at Nobarya, Behaira were used in this study. Bee venom was analyzed by HPLC. The disc diffusion method was used to test the effect of bee venom on various bacterial isolates, yielding a mean of inhibition zones of 3 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of BV were determined with values ranging from 31.3 – 44.4 μg/ml. while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was almost 30 μg/ml for all samples. Biofilms are dense micro-communities that grow on inert surfaces and encapsulate themselves with secreted polymers, where microbes can adapt to environmental changes and can protect the microbes from disinfectant agents or antibiotics. Bee venom was used as an antibiofilm agent. Sub-MIC concentrations of 25 and 20 μl of B.V. virtually completely suppressed biofilm formation in a representative sample of Staphylococcus sciuri and Streptococcus mutans biofilm, respectively.

Abstract The current investigation described the influences of Cattaneo – Christov heat flux, Soret and Dufour, Hall current. The vertical alternating current produces an electric field is applied on the peristaltic flow of non - Newtonian micropolar nanofluid. The fluid flows inside a tapered stenosed artery. The non – Newtonian fluid obeys the tangent hyperbolic model. The effects of heat generation absorption, joule heating, thermal radiation, chemical reaction, and the permeability of the porous medium are imposed. The slip velocity and thermal slip conditions are assumed. The convective conditions for nanoparticles concentration as well as concentration are constructed. The coupled differential systems of equations yield Soret and Dufour feature. The assumption of the long wavelength with low Reynolds number is employed to simplify the governing equations of fluid motion to be ordinary differential equations. Furthermore, the obtained analytical solutions of these equations are based mainly on applying regular perturbation method together with homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The impacts of the various physical parameters on the axial velocity, spin velocity, temperature, nanoparticles concentration and concentration are illustrated and drawn graphically via a set of graphs. It is noticed that the velocity dwindled with an enriching in the magnitudes of both Hartman number, and electromagnetic parameter. Whereas, the axial velocity elevates with an enlargement in Darcy number, tapering angle, and Hall parameter. Moreover, the spin velocity declines with the increment in the microrotation parameter. Also, it is found that the escalating in thermal relaxation time causes a decaying impact on the temperature. Furthermore, enhancement in the nano Biot number leads to a declination in the magnitude of nanoparticles concentration. The current analytical study is very significant in several medical implementations, like the gastric juice motion in the small intestine when an endoscope is inserted through it.

In the current paper, a semi-analytical solution is obtained for the problem of the peristaltic motion of Jeffrey nanofluid with heat transfer inside an asymmetric channel. The influences of variable viscosity, thermal conductivity, Hall currents, Joule heat and viscous dissipation are taken into consideration. The problem is modulated mathematically by a system of non-linear partial deferential equations which describe the fluid velocity, temperature and nanoparticles concentration distributions. This system is simplified by considering long wavelength of the peristaltic wave and low Reynolds number. It is solved by using the multi-step deferential transform method to obtain the velocity, temperature and nanoparticles concentration distributions, pressure rise and pressure gradient. These solutions are obtained as functions of the physical parameters of the problem. Tables and figures are discussed to see the effects of these parameters. It is found that the thermal conductivity parameter causes an increase in the pressure gradient, meanwhile it reduces the pressure rise. Furthermore, it is noticed that the behavior of Brownian and thermophoresis parameters on nanoparticles concentration field are quite reverse.

blkn is a Medicago truncatula mutant that is achieving null function-black nodule phenotype. blkn is a Tnt1-retrotransposon mutant, Tnt1 is Nicotiana tabacum retro-transposon which is replicated via RNA copy and integrated in plant genome. Interestingly, blkn exhibited double contents of phenolic compounds comparing to R108 wild type. The mutated black nodule is displaying cells abnormality in both infection and nitrogen fixation zones. Transverse section of blkn nodule doesn’t display clearly characteristic shape like the control and the symbiotic cells don't totally filled with bacteroids along with high lignification at the cell wall periphery. Our goal was blkn mutant; phenotype, physiological, and molecular characterizations. AFLP-based PCR method was used to detect the mutated gene(s) in this mutant line. About 25 Tnt1-tagged fragments ranging from ~100 to ~500 bp were isolated, sequenced and submitted to Genbank. The Tnt1 insertion was precisely located next to the base number 303 post ATG start codon of M. truncatula L-type lectin-domain receptor kinase VII.2 gene encodes Lectin_LegB Receptor Like Kinase (MtLectinRLK). MtLectinRLK contains Lectin_legB domain, two transmembrane helix (TMhilex) and an extracellular Receptor Protein kinase (Pkinase). MtLectinRLK is an ancestry related to probable L-type lectin-domain containing receptor kinase Cicer arietinum, Trifolium pretense, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna radiate and Glycine soja.

In this study, the system of nonlinear partial differential equations of boundary-layer steady flow of Carreau nanofluid over a moving stretching sheet is modulated.Moreover, both thermal diffusion and diffusion thermo effects are considered.This system has been simplified into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations.Then it has been solved by using the multi-step differential transformation method and the differential transformation method with Padé approximation.These methods represent approximations with a high degree of accuracy and minimal computational effort for studying the particle motion in a steady boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a porous moving plate in presence of thermal radiation.In addition, the velocity, temperature and nanoparticles concentration profiles are obtained and depicted graphically in the current study.The porosity parameter effect on the stretching velocity is analyzed and it is shown that the increase of porosity parameter tends to reduce the stretching velocity.

In the present work, the flow of non-Newtonian Bingham blood fluid through non-uniform channel is investigated. The fluid is electrically conducting, and the external uniform magnetic field is applied on this motion. The heat and mass transfer are taken in consideration, so, Soret and Dufour effects are studied. The problem is modulated mathematically by a system of non-linear partial differential equations which govern the velocity, temperature and concentration distributions. The system of these equations is simplified under the assumptions of long wavelength and low Reynolds number, then it is solved analytically by using homotopy perturbation technique. These distributions are obtained as a function of the physical parameters of the problem. The effects of these parameters on the obtained solutions are discussed numerically and illustrated graphically through a set of figures. These parameters play an important role to control the values of solutions. The used Bingham model is applicable for the physiological transportation of blood in arteries.

The effects of both Hall currents and radiation on unsteady flow of an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid obeying Casson model through a porous medium have been discussed. The thermal-diffusion and diffusion thermo effects are taken into our consideration. The non-linear partial differential equations which govern this problem are simplified by making the assumption of long wave length and small Reynolds number. These equations are solved numerically by using explicit finite difference method. In addition, the axial velocity, temperature and concentration are illustrated graphically for various parameters of the problem such as magnetic parameter (Hartman number), the upper limit apparent viscosity coefficient, Hall parameter, the pressure gradient, Prandtl number, Eckert number, Darcy number, Dufour number, the radiation parameter, Schmidt number, Soret number, the chemical reaction parameter and heat source/sink parameter. Furthermore, it is noticed that the behavior of the pressure gradient and Hartman number parameters is to increase or decrease the temperature distributions and is quite reverse

Genetic mutagenesis is a very efficient tool in studying genes function. Because of great benefits of legumes as human food and animal feed worldwide, we used a model plant Medicago truncatula for identification gene function related to nitrogen fixation process. Our mutant is a Medicago mutant line contains a tobacco Tnt1 retro-transposon mobile element with the two Long Terminal Repeats (LTR) inserted within the genome. Our mutant is predicted to contain a mutation in gene/s belonging to symbiotic interaction between legume and rhizobia. A novel technique was used based on using fluorescent oligonucleotide primers against oligonucleotide primers for Tnt1-LTRs of our mutant. This novel protocol was very successful in detection the polymorphism between our mutant line and the wild variant R108 using Biosystems 310 Genetic Analyzer. Electropherograms of the mutant line and wild type gave a total of 561 well- resolved AFLP peaks, 357of which were polymorphic peaks and 204 were monomorphic peaks. This novel technique enables the calculation percentage of polymorphism between the mutant line and the wild type. Additionally primers combinations amplified more bands from others to detect polymorphism between the plants

Introduction Since it was first described in 2001, the one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) has been gaining popularity in the Middle East region and worldwide. We designed a survey to evaluate the trends, techniques, and outcomes of OAGB in our region. Methods A questionnaire to study OAGB was sent to the members of the IFSO MENA chapter. Results One-hundred and forty-eight surgeons (74%) responded. Forty-six percent of all respondents (64 surgeons) performed OAGB routinely. The most commonly performed procedures were the laparoscopic sleeve gastrostomy (LSG), followed by OAGB, and then Roux-en-Y (RYGB). Of the surgeons who responded, 65% did not perform routine pre-operative endoscopy. Seventy-two percent believed that OAGB produces better weight loss than the LSG while 58% did not believe it produced better results to RYGB. The most common length of biliopancreatic limb utilized was 200cm, and 72% of surgeons did not measure the total length of the small bowel. Fifty percent of the surgeons offered OAGB as a treatment for acid reflux and 33% offered it to active smokers. Early complications included leak (< 1%), venous thromboembolism (< 1%), and mortality (< 0.5%) in most centers. Leaks were managed conservatively (23%), by conversion to RYGB (20%), reinforcing the anastomosis (19%), reversal to normal anatomy (6%), and others (32%). Of the total surgeons, 41% reported revising at least one patient for malnutrition and steatorrhea, and 32% reported revising at least one patient for sever bile reflux. Conclusion OAGB is a commonly performed and safe procedure in the MENA region. Malnutrition and bile reflux requiring surgical intervention are serious long-term concerns.

VTE risk assessment and the use of chemoprophylaxis for VTE is common in the MENA region. However, many patients continue to receive sub-therapeutic doses of low molecular heparin during the hospital stay and after discharge.

In aquaculture, Aflatoxins are the most recorded between all mycotoxins. It seems to be particularly prone to deposition in several fish tissues representing a risk for human consumption. Aspergillus flavus is the major producer of aflatoxin that commonly contaminates food and feed all over the world. A total of 57 finished fish feed samples were collected from feed factories in Cairo, Dakahlia and Kafr El Sheikh governorates, Egypt. Twenty nine fungal isolates belonging to four species were recovered from the collected feedstock. A. flavus was the most frequently isolated species (29.82%) compared with the other fungal species which include: A. parasiticus (12.28%), F. oxysporum (7.01%) and F. sporotrichioides (1.75%).Mycotoxin profile was determined using high performance liquid chromatography, Aflatoxins were detected in the culture filtrate of only 4 isolates of A. flavus out of the 17 examined these four isolates were deposited under the strain codes: AUMC 13909, AUMC 13910, AUMC 13911 and AUMC 13917. A. flavus strain AUMC13917 can produce both aflatoxins B1 (1.016 µg /L) and B2 (0.314 µg /L). while, the remaining three isolates AUMC13909, AUMC 13910 & AUMC 13911 were able to produce only aflatoxin B1 (8.082 µg/L, 1.617 µg/L & 0.141µg/L, respectively). Naturally occurring aflatoxin B1 was also detected in 4 samples of fish feed and a single sample was contaminated with aflatoxin B2. Aflatoxin B1 was the prevalent mycotoxin within the collected feed samples, which is the most toxic aflatoxin chemotype. Yield of this aflatoxin differed between A. flavus strains and concentrations ranged from 0.106 to 11.546 mg/kg. The levels of aflatoxin detected in this study point to possible potential risks to fish health, performance and to aquaculture future investment.