Herbarium sebagai suatu koleksi spesimen tumbuhan yang dapat digunakan sebagai suatu media pengobatan alternatif kepada masyarakat Artikel ini membahas tentang pembuatan obat herbal (Herbarium) menggunakan tanaman dari lingkungan di Desa Sembalun Bumbung kecamatan sembalun Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan masyarakat Desa sembalun bumbung dengan pengetahuan tentang tumbuhan obat yang ada di sekitar mereka dan cara yang tepat untuk mengumpulkan, mengindentifikasi, dan mengolahnya menjadi obat-obatan herbal yang bermanfaat. Dengan meningkatnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang nilai-nilai kesehatan yang terkandung dalam flora lokal, diharapkan akan muncul kesadaran yang lebih besar akan melestarikan lingkungan sekitar dan merawat keanekaragaman hayati yang ada Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini yaitu identifikasi tanaman, pengumpulan spesimen, pengeringan, persiapan. Uji-Spesimen tanaman yang telah dikeringkan atau diawetkan. Hasil berdasarkan kondisi di laparangan 80% masyarakat menggunakan herbal sebagai obat namun masih kurang dari segi metode. Setelah dilakukan edukasi melalui metode yang efektip peningkatan penggetahuan penggunaan 95% masyarakat menjadi tau bahwa Media herbarium dapat menjadi alat yang efektif untuk digunakan sebagai obat. Kesan dalam pengabdian Ini membantu masyarakat memahami nilai kesehatan dari setiap tanaman serta cara yang tepat untuk menggunakannya.

The social emotional development is a useful vehicle in providing guidance to children so that children can control their feelings, desires, and emotions in an appropriate and reasonable way, and can interact with their environment well. Based on observations that have been made, problems with social emotional development in children were found, such as difficulty interacting, difficulty managing emotions (tantrums), and aggression. Given these problems, close cooperation between researchers, schools, and parents is needed in organizing lantern making and decorating competitions involving children and parents. This lantern making and decorating activity is carried out through a service learning approach with the aim of facilitating positive interactions and effective communication between parents and children in strengthening emotional bonds and stimulating social emotional aspects such as cooperation, sharing ideas, and respecting differences. The results of the implementation of lantern making and decorating activities involving children and parents have proven successful. Through these activities, parents can understand the best parenting patterns that support children's social emotional development and children can directly learn and practice emotional management skills, including patience, perseverance, and the ability to overcome challenges or frustrations that may arise during tasks to achieve satisfactory final results.

The study to optimize in vitro propagation of the Indonesian native and critically endangered species, Nepenthes jamban, in order to support the ex-situ conservation efforts has been done. Using Murashige and Skoog (MS) as a basal media, disinfected seeds of N. jamban were germinated on five types of germination media, viz. ¼ MS, ½ MS, MS, ¼ MS+benzyl adenine (BA)+Biotin and MS+BA+Biotin. Afterwards, in vitro shoots with 6-7 leaves were inoculated on growing media, i.e., ¼ MS, ¼ MS 60 (3:1) (MS modification with a higher concentration of nitrogen), and ¼ MS+naphtalene acetic acid (NAA)+BA. The results showed that the germination of N. jamban seeds was slow, indicated by the percentage of germination being less than 20% after 6 months of being planted on germination media. The highest percentage of germination was after the 6th month and the greatest pitcher development at the 10th month were obtained on ¼ MS medium. Furthermore, shoot growth and pitchers development consistently increased for 12 months in ¼ MS 60 (3:1) medium while other media resulted in a decrease in pitcher formation. It seemed that low concentrations of nutrient in the medium proved to be more effective to induce in vitro seed germination and enhance shoot growth which was also supported by higher nitrogen (nitrate) concentration in the medium. This study provides information that supports ex situ conservation action of native and critically endangered Nepenthes species from Indonesia.

Tropical forests occupy small coral atolls to the vast Amazon basin. They occur across bioregions with different geological and climatic history. Differences in area and bioregional history shape species immigration, extinction and diversification. How this effects local diversity is unclear. The Indonesian archipelago hosts thousands of tree species whose coexistence should depend upon these factors. Using a novel dataset of 215 Indonesian forest plots, across fifteen islands ranging in area from 120 to 785 000 km 2 , we apply Gaussian mixed effects models to examine the simultaneous effects of environment, earthquake proximity, island area and bioregion upon tree diversity for trees ≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height. We find that tree diversity declines with precipitation seasonality and increases with island area. Accounting for the effects of environment and island area we show that the westernmost bioregion Sunda has greater local diversity than Wallacea, which in turn has greater local diversity than easternmost Sahul. However, when the model includes geological activity (here proximity to major earthquakes), bioregion differences are reduced. Overall, results indicate that multi-scale, current and historic effects dictate tree diversity. These multi-scale drivers should not be ignored when studying biodiversity gradients and their impacts upon ecosystem function.

Gunung (Mount) Talang is an active volcano in West Sumatra that has a number of Nepenthes species, including the endemic N. talangensis , but their ecology has been little been studied. This study found five species of Nepenthes growing in the protected forest area of Gunung Talang, namely N. bongso , N. inermis , N. pectinata , N. spathulata and N. talangensis . The population of N. talangensis is very small (23 individuals) and it grows sympatrically with N. bongso and N. inermis forming natural hybrids. Lithocarpus conocarpus , Camellia lanceolata , Syzygium acuminatissimum , Adinandra dumosa and Dehaasia sp. are the five most dominant tree species found in the Nepenthes habitat, while L. conocarpus and Podocarpus neriifolius had strong positive associations with N. talangensis . Growth rates of the five Nepenthes species were not significantly different, neither were foliar nitrogen (mean = 1.14%) or phosphorus concentrations (mean = 0.11%). We suggest that N. talangensis should be considered as Critically Endangered and outline some possible conservation actions.

Elektronik 85 merupakan toko yang bergerak di bidang penjualan elektronik yang saat ini berupaya untuk mempertahankan omset penjualannya dan meningkatkan penjualan agar bisa bersaing dalam penjualan elektronik. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan pada toko elektronik 85 menunjukkan beberapa kendala dalam proses bisnis penjualannya seperti tingkat pemasaran yang digunakan masih kurang efektif, dimana untuk pemasaran produk di toko ini hanya terpusat pada lokasi dan mengandalkan kedatangan pelanggan, media sosial berupa whatsapp dan pencatatan penjualannya masih bersifat manual dengan menggunakan buku. Dari permasalahan tersebut, dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sistem penjualan elektronik menggunakan metode Rapid Application Development (RAD) serta Unifed Modeling Language (UML) sebagai perancangan sistem. Sedangkan untuk bahasa pemrograman serta database yang digunakan adalah PHP dan MYSQL dan laravel sebagai framework. Hasil penelitian ini berupa sistem penjualan toko online yang dapat digunakan oleh perusahaan elektronik 85 untuk mempermudah konsumen dalam melihat informasi produk yang dibutuhkan, serta pemrosesan datanya dapat tersimpan secara terpusat dan terintegrasi sehingga pemasaran produk dapat dilakukan secara online.

Tropical forests occupy small coral atolls to the vast Amazon basin. They occur across bioregions with different geological and climatic history. Differences in area and bioregional history shape species immigration, extinction and diversification. How this effects local diversity is unclear. The Indonesian archipelago hosts thousands of tree species whose coexistence should depend upon these factors. Using a novel dataset of 215 Indonesian forest plots, across fifteen islands ranging in area from 120 to 785 000 km 2 , we apply Gaussian mixed effects models to examine the simultaneous effects of environment, earthquake proximity, island area and bioregion upon tree diversity for trees ≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height. We find that tree diversity declines with precipitation seasonality and increases with island area. Accounting for the effects of environment and island area we show that the westernmost bioregion Sunda has greater local diversity than Wallacea, which in turn has greater local diversity than easternmost Sahul. However, when the model includes geological activity (here proximity to major earthquakes), bioregion differences are reduced. Overall, results indicate that multi‐scale, current and historic effects dictate tree diversity. These multi‐scale drivers should not be ignored when studying biodiversity gradients and their impacts upon ecosystem function.

Determining the spatial patterning of tree species can provide inferences on underlying ecological processes. Gonystylus brunnescens is a South-east Asian subcanopy forest tree. To determine the spatial patterns of this species, we recorded the distribution of all individuals in a 0.4 ha sampling plot in eastern Borneo. We found that the pattern deviated from random and was well-described by the Matérn cluster model; clusters had a radius of approximately 4.2 m and contained an average of six seedlings each. This supports the hypothesis of animal-dispersed seeds and, due to a clear lack of association of juveniles with adults, may be due to scatter-hoarding of seeds by small mammal seed dispersers.

To understand the biomass and floristics of secondary forests in Borneo better, we established a one-hectare plot on the lower slopes of Gunung Kelam in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. We recorded 683 stems (>= 5 cm dbh) representing 50 species, 44 genera and 27 families; the five species with the greatest Importance Value were Artocarpus elasticus (IV=81.5), Vitex pinnata (40.2), Cryptocarya ferrea (14.2), Polyscias elliptica (12.7) and Gordonia excelsa (10.7); stem dbh distributions differed among species indicating that succession was still occurring. The stand basal area was 29.0 m2. We estimated biomass with eight different allometric equations. Four equations (Chave, Hashimoto, Kenzo and Manuri-DGH9) showed very close agreement at around 137 Mg ha -1 suggesting they were all suitable for mid-aged secondary forest biomass estimation in this region. Despite tree diversity and biomass being lower than nearby primary forest, secondary forests will become increasingly prevalent in the future and this therefore necessitates their increased study and conservation.

This research aims to determine the effect of career development on job satisfaction, the effect of career development on job satisfaction, work quality on job satisfaction and career development on job satisfaction through work quality. The research sample was 115 respondents. The analysis technique used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) which is operated through the AMOS program. The research results show that career development has a positive and significant effect on work quality, work quality has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, work quality can mediate the effect of career development on job satisfaction.

Nepenthes is the largest carnivorous plant genus present in Indonesia. There are 39 species of Nepenthes pitcher plants recorded in Sumatra from lowland to montane forests, and 34 of them are endemic; this represents the greatest species diversity of Nepenthes after Borneo. Field studies were conducted in 2021 and 2022 to increase our knowledge of the diversity, habitats and distributions of Nepenthes in West Sumatra province. Twenty-three species of Nepenthes were recorded from the province, consisting of 15 highland species, 4 mid-elevation species and 4 lowland species. Ecophysiological studies conducted at Bukit Malalak showed clumped distributions of N. bongso, N. dubia, N. eustachya and N. rhombicaulis. Foliar and pitcher fluid nutrient concentrations were found to be similar to those cited in other recent studies although growth rates were slightly more rapid than at Gunung Talang. Bukit Malalak is a new locality for two threatened species, namely N. dubia (CR) and N. rhombicaulis (VU), enlarging their extents of occurrence. In total, nine species from West Sumatra are threatened and conservation actions are urgently needed for these and other Nepenthes species remaining on the island.

This study aims to: (1) find out and describe the implementation model of principal supervision in developing teacher competence, (2) know and describe the challenges of principal supervision in developing teacher competence, (3) know and describe the implications of the results of principal supervision in developing competence. teacher. This study uses a qualitative approach. The location of this research is SMPN 4 Janapria and SMPN 5 Janapria Lombok Tengah. Data was collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation or (triangulation), while data analysis used the Milles & Huberman technique, namely; data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, as for testing the validity of the data, namely: credibility, transferability, dependence, and certainty.The results of this study show (1) the principal supervision model at the Janapria District Junior High School uses a clinical supervision model and a scientific supervision model, (2) the challenges faced by school principals in carrying out supervision activities are teacher readiness in administration which is still incomplete, delivery of material in the class is not in accordance with the plan, does not evaluate the learning activities carried out, the teacher lacks discipline, (3) Implications The results of supervision carried out by the principal can develop teacher competence in pedagogic competence, personality competence, professional competence and social competence.

The aim of this study is to analyze (1) performance on production capabilities, (2) Market orientation on performance, (3) innovative performance, (4) Performance on work productivity, (5) Production capacity on competitiveness, (6) Market orientation on competitiveness (7) Innovative on competitiveness (8) Work productivity on competitiveness (9) Performance on competitiveness. The research used primary data by surveying as many as 187 Informal small business respondents in Surabaya city as samples. Research data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of this study states: (1) Production capacity significantly on performance, (2) Market orientation was not significantly on performance, (3) Innovative have significant effect on performance, (4) work productivity have a significant effect on performance (5) production capacity of influential have significant effect on competitiveness, (6) Market orientation have a significant effect on competitiveness, (7) Innovative have a significant effect on competitiveness (8) Work productivity have significant effect on competitiveness (9) Performance have a significant effect on competitiveness (10) Production capabilities have a significant effect on competitiveness through Performance, (11) Market orientation do not have effect on competitiveness through performance, (12) Innovative have a significant effect on competitiveness through performance, (13) Work productivity have a significant effect on competitiveness through performance.

MANSUR, M., SALAMAH, A., MIRMANTO, E. & BREARLEY, F. Q. 2022. Nutrient concentrations in three Nepenthes species (Nepenthaceae) from North Sumatra. Reinwardtia 21(2): 55‒62. — Nepenthes is a genus of carnivorous plants that are unique ornamental plants, but their nutrient concentration relationships have not been studied much, especially in endemic species on the island of Sumatra. So far, the analysis of the nutrient concentration in Nepenthes is mostly limited to leaves. There are few reports of nutrient concentrations in the pitcher fluid and the soil around where it grows. Leaves, pitcher fluid, and soil around the growth sites of each species i.e., Nepenthes sumatrana, N. spectabilis, and N. tobaica, from North Sumatra province were collected for nutrient analyses (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na). The results showed that the nutrient concentrations in the leaves and pitcher fluid in the three Nepenthes species were generally low with those in the leaves greater than in the pitcher fluid. The concentration of nutrients in the leaves of N. sumatrana (lowland species) was least (except for N and Na) when compared to N. spectabilis and N. tobaica (highland species), likely reflecting the poorly fertile soil. In contrast, the nutrient concentration in the pitcher fluid of N. sumatrana was greater than N. spectabilis and N. tobaica. When compared across an extensive data set, we show that leaf N does not change with elevation, whereas P declines and the N:P ratio increases with elevation, suggesting that Nepenthes plants are obtaining sufficient N from prey at higher elevations.

This study aimed to analyze local expenditure management strategies in Indonesia to recover the health and economy during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a qualitative approach with qualitative data collection methods through literature studies including books, journal articles, news, reports, and regulation. The results showed that local governments in Indonesia have refocused and reallocated Local Revenue and Expenditure Budgets as a local expenditure management strategy to handle the health and economic crisis. However, the implementation of the refocusing and reallocation policy faced problems such as limited fiscal space and was not being supported by an effective control, monitoring, and evaluation system. More findings explain that all local governments in Indonesia do have not a large fiscal capacity, so there are no options to make expansionary fiscal policies. In the implementing policy process, the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia has warned that there are risks of mismanagement, corruption, and state budget fraud during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, Indonesia Corruption Watch found that there are still weaknesses in the management of regional expenditures, especially in the process of procuring goods/services that are vulnerable to corruption. Therefore, the researcher suggested that local governments should have been optimizing Transfer to Local and Village Funds, as well as strengthening the role of external and internal supervisory agencies to carry out a system of controlling, monitoring, and evaluating local finance.

The research of decomposition rate of Altingia excelsa Noroña , Schima wallichii (D.C.) Korth. , Castanopsis acuminatissima (Bl.) A. DC. , C. javanica (Bl.) A. DC., and Quercus lineata Blume was carried out in the low montane forest in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java. The aim of the research was to examine the decomposition rate of dominant species and their role in the nutrient cycling. The decomposition rate of those dominant species was carried out by using the litterbag methods. The highest decomposition rate was observed for Q. lineata followed by C. javanica , C. acuminatissima , S. wallichii , A. excelsa and the mixed litter in Cikaniki research station. Meanwhile, in the Wates plot, the highest rate was observed for C. acuminatissima followed by C. javanica , Q. lineata , S. wallichii , A. excelsa and the mixed litter. This research shows that C. acuminatissima decomposed faster compared to other dominant species due to their litter quality combination of high nitrogen and low lignin content. Carbon and nitrogen released pattern were almost similar for the five dominant species. Based on the decomposition rate and the nutrient released pattern, it showed that the high litter decomposition rate of dominant species contributed to the rapid nitrogen released.

Nepenthes bicalcarata Hook.f. merupakan jenis endemik dengan status konservasi rentan (vulnerable) menurut IUCN Red List. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan populasi, asosiasi, dan keterancaman habitat N. bicalcarata di Cagar Alam Mandor, Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis vegetasi, asosiasi jenis tumbuhan menggunakan indeks Ochiai, dan metode unsupervised classification pada citra Landsat 8 untuk mengetahui perubahan penutupan lahan. Penentuan lokasi pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pengambilan data vegetasi tumbuhan menggunakan sepuluh plot berukuran 10Í10 m. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa N. bicalcarata tersebar di delapan dari 14 kabupaten/kota di Kalimantan Barat. Populasi N. bicalcarata pada hutan kerangas berjumlah 300 individu/ha dan dan berasosiasi dengan jenis pohon Cratoxylum glaucum, Gymnostoma nobile, Antidesma coriaceum, Ficus variegata, dan Tristaniopsis merguensis. N. bicalcarata juga berasosiasi dengan Nepenthes lainnya, seperti N. ampullaria, N. rafflesiana, N. gracilis, N. mirabilis dan N. hookeriana. Perubahan penutupan lahan yang signifikan mengakibatkan peningkatan luasan areal terbuka dan pertambangan, sehingga mengancam habitat dan populasi N. bicalcarata. Kelimpahan N. bicalcarata di CA Mandor diprediksi akan semakin berkurang dengan adanya ancaman perubahan penutupan lahan tersebut. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, jenis ini perlu dilindungi dan dijaga kelestariannya di alam.

Tarjuman Al-Mustafid is the first book of Tafsir 30 juz in the archipelago, which became a guide for the people of Aceh at that time. The Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam was founded in 1496-1903, ruling for 407 years. Of the royal leaders (sultans) there were four sultanates who led successively, and Abdur Rauf As-Singkili as Qadhi malik al'amin who was appointed by the first sultanah Sri Ratu Tajul Alam Safiatuddin johan sovereign in 1661. Abdur Rauf was appointed and give responsibility as Qadhi, advisor, and religious interpreter of the kingdom. What are his thoughts in his commentary book Tarjuman Al-Mustafid, is the interpretation of the verse about leadership influenced by royal politics? The author is interested in writing this theme to find out the interpretation of the verses of the Koran about leadership according to Abdur Rauf As-Singkili, and to know the concept of women's leadership according to Abdur Rauf As-Singkili. The results of the study prove that Abdurrauf's interpretation of the leader in QS. An-Nisa' verses: 19, 20, 34 and 58, are not influenced by royal politics. Abdurrauf does not interpret that a woman can be a leader. However, his activities in the kingdom with his position as Kadhi Malik Al 'Adil, Abdurrauf has the responsibility as an advisor to the Sultanah as well as the application of law in the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam. he allowed a woman to be the leader. This can be seen in several events and his work. Abdurrauf issued a fatwa to challenge the campaign of the embodiments who wished to overthrow Sultanah's position, and in his book Miraatul Thulab in his preamble there is a commendation of Sultanah Safiatuddin, "A very great sultan and a very noble king, namely your Majesty Seri Sulthanah Tajul Alam Safiatuddin Syah Sovereign Dhillullah fi Nature

Background Nepenthes clipeata is a Critically Endangered plant species with the population at its only location in the wild, Gunung (Mount) Kelam in Kalimantan, Indonesia, under threat - its nutrient relationships have not been studied. Aims To improve understanding of the autecology of N. clipeata by assessing the current population and providing information on its mineral nutrient relationships. Methods A survey was undertaken in 2019 when population numbers and habitat preferences of N. clipeata were recorded. Nutrient concentrations in soil, leaves and pitcher fluid were analysed and compared with those in other Nepenthes species. Results Eighteen individuals of N. clipeata were found on Gunung Kelam (only one of which was female). Seven other Nepenthes species were found and hybrids with two of these and N. clipeata were observed. Although the foliar nutrient concentrations ('ionome') of N. clipeata appeared distinct from that of other Nepenthes species, with N. clipeata having greater nutrient concentrations, particularly nitrogen, potassium and calcium, nitrogen limitation was still prevalent. Conclusions N. clipeata still persists in the wild but with very low numbers, indicating that conservation actions are required. Along with other species of Nepenthes, it is limited by soil nitrogen concentrations although it has a distinct ionome derived from high foliar nutrient concentrations.