The present study was carried out to diagnose immune mediated hemolytic anemia associated with Babesia gibsoni in dogs. A total of 136 dogs suspected for B. gibsoni infection were examined by microscopy and screened by PCR, out of which 64 dogs were positive for B. gibsoni infection. Among 64 dogs, 28 dogs were positive for IMHA by Coombs test, 21 dogs were positive for IMHA by Saline agglutination test and 18 dogs had spherocytosis.

The present study was conducted in dogs presented to small animal OPD, Department of Veterinary Medicine with clinical signs of anorexia, pyrexia, lethargy, pale mucous membrane, lymphadenopathy, ascites, vomiting, diarrhoea, icterus, hematuria suggestive of canine babesiosis. Eighteen dogs were primarily screened for Babesia gibsoni infection by blood smear examination and then confirmed by PCR. Further these dogs were subjected to saline agglutination test, spherocytosis in blood smear examination and Coombs test for diagnosis of immune mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). Dogs in Group I were treated with a combination of Doxycycline, Metronidazole and Clindamycin at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg respectively b.i.d per orally for 21 days, dogs in Group II were treated with a combination of Doxycycline, Metronidazole and Clindamycin at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg respectively b.i.d per orally for 21 days and prednisolone at a dose rate of 2 mg/kg body weight per orally b.i.d for first 5 days followed by 1 mg/kg body weight per orally b.i.d for next 5 days and drug was tapered to 0.5 mg/ kg body weight per orally b.i.d for another 5 days and dogs in Group III were treated with a combination of Doxycycline, Metronidazole and Clindamycin at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg respectively b.i.d per orally for 21 days and a combination of Azathioprine at a dose rate of 2mg/kg body weight per orally s.i.d for the first 5 days followed by 1 mg/kg per orally s.i.d for next 5 days and 0.5 mg/kg per orally s.i.d for another 5 days and Prednisolone at a dose rate of 1.5 mg/kg body weight per orally b.i.d for a period of 5 days followed by 1 mg/kg body weight per orally b.i.d for next 5 days followed by 0.5 mg/kg body weight orally b.i.d for another 5 days. Though all the therapeutic regimens were efficacious in the treatment of IMHA caused by B. gibsoni, treatment with combination of Doxycycline, Metronidazole, Clindamycin and Prednisolone was found to be more efficacious as all the dogs in this group were negative for Coombs test post therapy with no abnormal elevation in biochemical parameters post therapy.

Calcareous soils, comprising vast areas in northern and eastern parts of India, are characterized by low soil organic carbon (SOC) with high free CaCO3 that results in low nutrient bioavailability with poor soil structure. Improvement of this soil can be achieved with conservation tillage with residue retention coupled with diversification of cropping system including legumes, and oilseeds in the system. Concerning all these, a long-term experiment was carried out in the calcareous soils having low organic carbon and high free CaCO3 (∼33 %) with varied tillage practices, viz. permanent bed with residue (PB), zero tillage with residue (ZT), and conventional tillage without residue (CT); and cropping systems viz. maize-wheat-greengram (MWGg), rice-maize (RM), and maize-mustard-greengram (MMuGg) during 2015-2021. From this study, it was observed that PB and ZT resulted in ∼25-30 % increment in SOC compared to the initial SOC, while CT showed a 4 % decrease in the SOC. Conservation tillage practices also resulted in better soil aggregation and favourable bulk density of the soil. Furthermore, PB and ZT practice exhibited 10-13 %; 15-18 %; 11-15 %; 40-60 %, 20-36 %, and 23-45 % increments in the soil available N, P, K, soil microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activity, and urease activity, respectively over those under CT. Crop diversification with the inclusion of legume and oilseed crops (MMuGg, and MWGg) over cereal-dominated RM systems resulted in better soil health. Maize equivalent yield and energy use efficiency (%) were also found to be the maximum under PB, and ZT, in combination with the MMuGg system. ZT and PB also reduced the carbon footprint by 465 and 822 %, respectively over CT by elevating SOC sequestration. Hence, conservation tillage practices with residue retention coupled with diversification in maize-based cropping systems with mustard and greengram can improve soil health, system productivity, and energetics, and reduce the carbon footprint in calcareous soils.

Our accustomed agricultural practices of tilling the soil continuously and excessive fertilizer applications caused not only a decrease in organic carbon content and soil degradation but also disturbed environmental harmony. With this backdrop, current study was carried out during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2018 and 2019 at the research farm of Trihut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Pusa, Bihar to evaluate the effect of different tillage and nutrient management practices on maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with tillage as the main plot and nutrient management as the sub-plot. The results showed significantly superior maize grain yield in PB (6.1, 6.2 mg/ ha) and 60% RDN+GSGN (6.0, 5.9 mg/ha) over CT (4.9, 5.0 mg/ha) and RDF (5.1, 5.4 mg/ha) during 2018 and 2019. Similar trend was followed in stover yield, net returns and B:C ratio. Among path analysis, harvest index and no of grains/cob observed largest direct path coefficient of yield attributes to determine the maize grain yield and stover yield respectively. The results suggest that the adoption of conservation tillage and precise nutrient management practices will help in the realization of better yield with maximum profit by way of reducing the input capital apart from improving soil health thereby sustaining natural resources for future generations.

Application of a broad-spectrum post-emergence herbicide is a promising weed management option for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). So, the goal of this experiment was to find out how much and when to use topramezone to control weeds in chickpea. The experiment was designed in RBD of ten treatments, viz. two different doses of topramezone 20.6 and 25.7 g/ha were applied at 14, 21, and 28 days after sowing (DAS) and quizalofop-p-ethyl 100 g/ha at 25 DAS applied as postemergence (PoE). The ready-mix of pendimethalin 30% + imazethapyr 2% 1000 g/ha applied as pre-emergence (PE) fb one HW at 30 DAS, weed free check, (WFC) and weedy check (WC). Among different application times of topramezone sprayed, early-PoE application (14 DAS) caused some phytotoxicity on crop (rating 4), and late-PoE application (28 DAS) was less effective on weeds, but the application of topramezone at 21 DAS controlled all broad and narrow leaf weeds without crop injury. In all the topramezone sprayed plots, topramezone 25.7 g/ha (21 DAS) had the lowest narrow and broad-leaf weeds density, and total weed dry weight than other doses and application times. Among all PoE herbicide treatments, topramezone 25.7 g/ha (21 DAS) yielded the highest seed yield (1.31 t/ha), while quizalofop-p-ethyl 100 g/ha (25 DAS) yielded the lowest (0.79 t/ha). It produced 7-65% higher seed yield as compared to other doses and time of application of all PoE applied herbicides. It gave 81% and 116% higher net return than topramezone 25.7 and 20.6 g/ha sprayed at 28 DAS (late-PoE), and 159% and 259% higher than topramezone 25.7 and 20.6 g/ha sprayed at 14 DAS (early- PoE), respectively. Hence, topramezone application of 25.7 g/ha (21 DAS) can be safely used for proper weed management in the chickpea crop.

This investigation reports the correlation of age and heat cycles on the pregnancy rate and pregnancy wastage in Thoroughbred mares bred during foal heat (FH), second heat (SH) and third heat (TH) in a commercial stud farm in Kunigal, Karnataka, India. The pregnancy rate was not influenced by the different heat cycles post partum. The correlation of mare’s age on the pregnancy rate and heat cycles showed that the age of the mares significantly influenced the conception rate in mares bred during FH and TH postpartum, while it was not significant in SH. The mare’s age did not influence the pregnancy wastage significantly in mares bred during FH, SH or TH, but the FH bred mares showed significantly higher early embryonic mortality rate than SH and TH bred mares. While the abortion rate was not influenced by the different heat cycles postpartum. In conclusion, the reproductive efficiency with respect to pregnancy rate was age dependent, while pregnancy wastage looked independent of age in Thoroughbred mares bred on FH, SH and TH. The optimum age for better pregnancy rate was between 6 and 13 years in all the heat cycles and aged mares (>18 years old) showed reduced pregnancy rate due to increased pregnancy losses.

Intensive tillage coupled with imbalanced nutrient management in maize–wheat systems in low-carbon calcareous soils often results in poor productivity vis-à-vis degradation in soil health. Conservation tillage viz. permanent bed planting (PB) and zero tillage (ZT)/direct seeding with residue retention coupled with precision nutrient management might improve soil properties and yield of crops. Concerning this, a long-term experiment was conducted from 2014–2015 to 2020–2021 with a maize–wheat cropping system at TCA, Dholi farm of RPCAU, Pusa. Treatments consisted of three main plots of different tillage practices, viz. PB, ZT, and conventional tillage (CT) and three sub-plots of nutrient management options, viz. farmers’ fertilization practice (FFP), site-specific nutrient management with Nutrient Expert® (NE) software, and GreenSeeker (GS) based nitrogen-management. From this study, it was observed that both the PB and ZT resulted in about 31–33% and 43–45% improvement in SOC and water-soluble aggregates (WSA), respectively, comparing them under CT. These two conservation tillage practices also improved the other soil bio-chemical properties. Better soil properties under PB and ZT helped in the improvement of system yield by about 13–18% comparing yield under CT. Moreover, both these tillage practices showed an additional net return of USD 330–USD 400 over CT. PB was found a bit better over ZT concerning soil properties, yield, and economics. Comparing nutrient management options, precision nutrition using NE and GS showed significant improvement in the soil bio-chemical parameters, yield, and economics of the cropping system over FFP. SSNM using NE showed slightly better results than GS. Thus, from this long-term study, it can be concluded that the permanent bed system with residue retention and precision nutrition using Nutrient Expert® software are the best options concerning tillage and nutrient management, respectively, for improvement of the soil properties of problematic calcareous soils, thereby, enhancing the yield and economics of the maize–wheat cropping system.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of intra uterine fluid, cytology and bacterial isolates obtained in foal heat mares on the pregnancy rate.Postpartum mares in foal heat were subjected to ultrasonography, cytology and bacteriological studies.Mares with U+ intrauterine fluid and negative for both endometrial cytology and bacteriology showed 85.71 per cent pregnancy rate.The pregnancy rate deteriorated substantially in mares with U+, positive for cytology and bacterial culture, while it was found to be nil in mares with U++, positive for cytology and bacterial culture.Hence, it is evident from the current study that mares with the presence of moderate to severe intrauterine fluids, positive for endometrial cytology and bacteriology, showed decreased pregnancy rate.

The obtained data represent the record of reproductive performance of mares in the southern part of India. Statistically, the period of breeding, age of mares, sex of the foal had no influence on gestation length in Thoroughbred mares bred during foal heat, although increased age had enhanced the gestation length by 1–4 days and mares carrying colt foals had 1–2 days longer gestation than that of filly foals. The findings of present study need to be confirmed on a large population before making their use in equine husbandry practices.

20 healthy dogs and 20 Ehrlichia affected dogs were selected for present study. These healthy and Ehrlichia affected dogs were subjected for various hematological parameters like Total RBC count, Total leucocyte count, Haemoglobin, Platelet count and PCV. Haematological analysis of blood samples revealed that there was a significant decrease in HB, Total erythrocyte count, Packed cell volume, platelet levels in the affected dogs compared to healthy dogs whereas there was a non-significant difference in total leucocyte count in the affected dogs compared to healthy dogs.

20 healthy dogs and 20 Ehrlichia affected dogs were selected for present study. These healthy and Ehrlichia affected dogs were subjected for various biochemical parameters. Biochemical analysis revealed significant increase in AST, ALT, Total Bilirubin, creatinine and Alkaline phosphatase levels in ehrlichia affected dogs when compared to healthy dogs whereas TP and albumin values were significantly decreased. Non significant difference was noticed in globulin levels in ehrlichia affected dogs when compared to healthy dogs.

The present work focuses on parametric optimization during drilling of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites. GFRP composites have wide range of applications in the field of aerospace, defence, automobile and transportation industries. Drilling process is broadly used for GFRP composites since components made out from GFRP composites are usually near net shaped, thus requiring holes for assembly integration. Hence proper selection of process parameters during drilling of GFRP composites is essential. In order to study delamination in GFRP at entry and exit side of the laminate and surface roughness, experiments have been conducted using Taguchi’s experimental design with a view to reduce number of experimental runs. Cutting speed, feed rate and drill size are considered as three input parameters for drilling at four different levels. Drilling of GFRP is performed using a CNC milling machine under prefixed conditions. Taguchi’s approach fails to solve multi-response optimization problem. Therefore, desirability function approach is used to convert multi response into equivalent single response. Regression analysis has been used to develop the relationship between composite desirability index and input parameters, resulting a valid mathematical model. Finally, simulated algorithm is used to obtain the optimum parameter setting.

The epidemiological pattern of canine Ehrlichiosis revealed highest occurrence of canine Ehrlichiosis in the age group of > 2 years of dogs (65%), when compared to 6months to 2 year age group (30%) and 0-6 months age group (5%), Labrador breed of dog (40%) was most commonly affected breed when compared to other breeds of dogs our study revealed highest occurrence of canine ehrlichiosis in female dogs (55%) when compared to male dogs (45%). Most common clinical signs noticed were complete/ partial anorexia (100%) followed by lethargy (75%) fever (60%), pale and congested mucous membrane followed by others signs.

A field trial was conducted during the kharif season at agricultural research farm of Trihut college of Agriculture (TCA) Dholi under the RPCAU Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar) to find out the efficiency of sole and sequential application of herbicides on weeds and productivity of the maize crop. A total of eleven treatments viz : Weedy check, Topramezone @ 25.2 g ha -1 , Tembotrione @ 120 g ha -1 , Atrazine @ 1 kg ha -1 fb hand weeding at 25 DAS, Atrazine @ 0.75 kg ha -1 fb topramezone @ 25.2 g ha -1 , Atrazine 0.75 kg fb tembotrione 120 g ha -1 , Atrazine 1.0 kg ha -1 fb topramezone 25.2 g ha -1 , Atrazine 1.0 kg ha -1 fb tembotrione 120 g ha -1 , Topramezone 25.2 g ha -1 + atrazine @ 0.75 kg ha -1 , Tembotrione @ 120 g ha -1 + atrazine @ 0.75 kg ha -1 , Weed free were tested in randomized block design with three replication. A total of twelve weed species comprised of four grasses, seven broad leaved weeds and one sedge were recorded in experiment field. The application of atrazine @ 1.0 kg ha -1 fb tembotrione @ 0.120 kg ha -1 significantly reduced the weed density of grass weeds, broad leaved weeds and total weeds and its dry weight compared to all other weed control treatments. This treatment had weed control efficiency (WCE) of 78 % and weed index 2.7%. Thereby, recorded higher yield attributes and grain yield (6.24 t ha -1 ) which was at par with weed free (6.42 tha -1 ). Therefore, it may be concluded that application of atrazine @ 1.0 kg ha -1 fb tembotrione @ 0.120 kg ha -1 as effective weed control practice for kharif maize

Various indirect restorations to restore a single missing tooth in the posterior region are available in dentistry such as traditional full coverage fixed dental prostheses, implant-supported crowns, and inlay-retained fixed prosthesis. Resin bonded FDPs represent a minimally invasive procedure; preexisting fillings can minimize tooth structure removal and give retention to the IRFP, transforming it into an ultraconservative option. New high strength zirconia ceramics, with their stiffness and high mechanical properties, could be considered a right choice for an Inlay retained aesthetic fixed prosthesis rehabilitation. The case report describes an IRFP treatment using a CAD/CAM monolithic zirconia. Clinical and laboratory steps are illustrated, according to the most recent scientific protocols. Pleasing esthetic and better functional integration of indirect restoration at six months follow-up confirmed the success of this conservative approach.

Bacterial isolation from ear samples of clinical cases of canine otitis revealed presence of both gram positive and negative bacteria. Amongst the various pathogens isolated Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen (67.85%) followed by Pseudomonas aeroginosa, in 15 (53.57%), Streptococcus spp. in 11 (39.28%), Proteus spp. in 6 (21.42%), E. coli in 3 (10.71%) and Klebsiella spp. in 1 (3.57%).

Aim: The purpose of this article is to determine the racial predilection of C-shaped canal configuration in a mandibular second molar. Background: Unusual root canal anatomy always poses a diagnostic and treatment challenge. Identification of such variation is important for the success of root canal treatment outcome. C-shaped canal configuration is such an aberrant morphology of molar teeth that vary in different population and is commonly seen in a mandibular second molar. Thus, knowledge of racial predilection of C-shaped canal configuration in different population for early diagnosis is obligatory. Materials and Methods: An exhaustive search was undertaken to identify published research articles related to C-shaped canal configuration in mandibular second molars. Forty-three research articles were analyzed which included 12,481 mandibular second molars. Chi-square test using value of P < 0.05 was performed to assess the statistical significance of this anomalous anatomic variation among the different population. Results: Statistical test revealed a significant variation between the Asian and nonAsian population. The highest incidence of racial predilection was observed in China (Asia) with 93.1%, and the minimum was observed in America with 2.7%. Conclusion: This research reported that racial predilection of C-shaped canal configuration in mandibular second molar varies significantly.

Intussusception is the telescoping of one segment of bowel into the adjacent segment. It is more commonly seen in children,however rarely encountered in adult patients. Proximal segment of bowel is called intussusceptum which is intussuscepted into the lumen of the adjacent distal segment known as intussuscipiens. There is always a lead point causing this disorder especially in adults. We presented a case of a 45 year old man who presented in emergency department of our institute with history and clinical features of acute intestinal obstruction since 10 days. Patient was resuscitated, investigated and taken for exploratory laparotomy under General anaesthesia. Segment of involved small gut was resected and well circumscribed polypoidal mass was found in intussuscepted bowel. Histopathological examination of the specimen revealed the features of inflammatory fibroid polyp.

A field experiment was carried during kharif 2015 at Agricultural Research farm, TCA, Dholi, a campas of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar. The treatments comprised of atrazine, Pendimethalin, halosulfuron, 2, 4-D di methyl amine, metribuzine, Power weeder and hand weeding and there combinations arranged in RBD design with 12 treatments. Among the different weed management practices significantly higher plant height was found with the application of atrazine @ 1.5 kg/ha (PE) fb halosulfuron @ 60g/ha (PoE) during the year of experiment. However, the higher yield recorded under weed free plot (hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS) but it was found at par with atrazine @ 1.5 kg/ha (PE) fb halosulfuron @ 60 g/ha (PoE) and pendimethalin (1000 ml/ha) as pre-emergence fb Atrazine (750 g/ha) + 2, 4-D dimethyl amine (75 %) at 25 DAS as post-emergence. Maximum net return and B:C ratio were recorded under atrazine @ 1.5 kg/ha pre-emergence fb halosulfuron methyl @ 60 g/ha post-emergence (T7) which was found at par with pendimethalin (1000 ml/ha) as pre-emergence fb atrazine (750 g/ha) + 2, 4-D dimethyl amine (75 %) at 25 DAS as postemergence (T9). However, among the different herbicidal treatments application of halosulfuron methyl, atrazine, pendimethalin and 2,4-D were safe to the maize crop but use of metribuzine @ 0.75 kg/ha caused phototoxic effect on maize during the year of experimentation.