Phytoremediation, particularly phytoextraction, shows promise in addressing this issue. Phytoextraction involves plants absorbing contaminants from the soil through their roots and transferring them to their shoots and leaves. However, in polluted environments, certain metals like lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) may have limited bioavailability, posing significant challenges to the phytoextraction process. One way to overcome this limitation is by applying chelators. The experiment conducted in a randomized block design to investigate the effects of two chelators, EDTA and salicylic acid (SA), in enhancing the anthocyanin, flavanoid and yield attributing parameters of Brassica juncea L. The seeds were sown in pots and subjected to various treatments of Cd and Pb of concentrations 10 and 20 mM, either alone and in combination with 0.5 mM EDTA and SA. The toxicity induced by Pb and Cd in B. juncea was recorded through increased levels of flavonoid and anthocyanin content and decreased value of yield parameters. Additionally, various yield parameters including 100 seed test weight, number of flower plant-1, number of pod plant-1, number of seeds plant-1 were highly affected by stress. Conversely, the supplementation of EDTA and SA to Cd, Pbtreated plants effectively mitigated negative impact of heavy metal stress by increasing flavonoid and anthocyanin content, along with yield parameter. Notably EDTA and SA also led to a significant increase in Pb and Cd accumulation.

Cardiac resonance is a complicated phenomenon involving the coordinated oscillations of numerous circulatory system components, such as electrical activity, contraction and relaxation, and blood flow. It is critical for the normal functioning of the heart and for maintaining blood flow throughout the body. Cardiac resonance is defined as a series of tiny waves produced by the heartbeat and overlaid on flow data and airway pressures. A variety of technologies, including cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, can be used to identify these waves. CMR is a strong noninvasive method for seeing and quantifying heart anatomy and function in great detail. CMR can be used to assess cardiac resonance in both healthy and heart disease patients. A regular and coordinated pattern of oscillations characterizes cardiac resonance in healthy persons. In patients with heart illness, however, cardiac resonance can be interrupted, resulting in diminished cardiac function and decreased blood flow. The intricate role of cardiac resonance in cardiac health and disease is continuously being studied by researchers. However, it is obvious that cardiac resonance is an exciting area of research that has the potential to change the way to identify and treat heart illness. Yoga is a mind–body practice that has been demonstrated to have numerous cardiovascular health advantages, such as improved heart function, reduced inflammation, and lower blood pressure. Yoga is hypothesized to promote cardiac resonance by encouraging coordinated oscillations of numerous cardiovascular system components. Various researches have shown buoyant results such as yoga can be helpful in improving heart rate variability, cardiac resonance and reducing arterial stiffness. Stress can disrupt cardiac resonance and increase the risk of heart disease. More research is needed to completely understand the mechanisms that impact cardiac resonance and the long-term advantages of yoga for heart health.

Cellulose nanofibers were isolated from pineapple crown waste by combined alkali and acid treatment method and then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies. Furthermore, pineapple nanofibers were incorporated in Carbopol 934P containing ampicillin as model drug to prepare topical gel for treating skin bacterial infections. The preferred gel formulation was evaluated for particle size (150 ± 0.6 nm), polydispersity index (0.303 ± 0.02), and drug content (99.87 ± 0.34

Water scarcity is a critical issue in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide, necessitating efficient irrigation methods in agriculture. This study evaluated the effectiveness of surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems in direct-seeded rice (DSR) followed by zero-till wheat or maize, compared to conventional puddled transplanted rice (PTR) systems. The two-year experiment, conducted at the International Rice Research Institute's South Asia Regional Centre in Varanasi, India, employed a randomized complete block design with eight treatments. Results showed that DSR followed by zero-till wheat with subsurface drip irrigation at 60-cm spacing significantly outperformed other treatments. This system increased rice grain yield by 6.52% and 18.82%, straw yield by 7.68% and 13.45%, and total biomass by 8.30% and 9.73% in 2020 and 2021, respectively, compared to PTR followed by zero-till wheat. Subsurface drip irrigation also led to improved plant growth parameters, including plant height and number of tillers, and enhanced yield attributes such as number of panicles and filled grains per panicle. The study concludes that subsurface drip irrigation in DSR systems offers a promising solution for sustainable intensification and efficient use of water and energy in rice-based cropping systems. However, long-term, multi-location trials are recommended to establish precise water and energy savings under various conditions.

The present study was conducted to observe the effects of removal of seminal plasma of Pantja buck semen and supplementation of bovine seminal plasma (BSP) in the extender before cryopreservation. In a preliminary experiment, different levels of BSP were supplemented (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9% v/v) in egg yolk (7.5% egg yolk)-tris (EYT) extender and used for cryopreservation of Pantja buck semen. Results in terms of motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and lipid peroxidation showed that 5% BSP was suitable for maintaining Pantja buck semen quality during cryopreservation. In the final experiment, pooled semen from four Pantja bucks was split into three aliquots (I, II, and III). Aliquot I was directly diluted in EYT extender and grouped as the control (C); aliquot II and III were washed separately with TALP solution and diluted as D1 (Washed semen with EYT extender) and D2 (Washed semen with EYT extender containing 5% BSP), respectively. Seminal attributes (sperm individual motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and total morphological abnormalities) were assessed at the postdilution, postequilibration, and post-thawing stages. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were measured at post-thaw. Washed semen significantly improved (p < 0.05) seminal parameters at post-thaw compared with unwashed semen (control). A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in seminal attributes between freezing stages and between dilution groups. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) post-thaw sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and GSH-Px activity, and significantly lower (p < 0.05) MDA concentration and extracellular release of enzymes (ALT, AST) were observed in group D2 compared with control and D1. The results of the present study demonstrated that cryopreservation of washed Pantja buck semen diluted with 5% BSP-supplemented EYT extender can improve post-thaw semen quality.

The present study was designed to see the effect of tolfenamic acid, an anti-inflammatory drug on conception rate of crossbred embryo recipient following embryo transfer from Sahiwal cows. H.F Crossbred cows were selected and divided into three groups, control (n=6): NSS, T1 (n=6): (tolfenamic acid @4mg/kg bwt, I.M 1 hr before transfer) and T2(n=6): tolfenamic acid @4mg/kg bwt,I.M 1 hr before transfer and during 15th and 16th days of estrous cycle. Blood samples were number of C.L, Total embryo (TE), Blastocyst (Bl), Morula (M) and degenerated embryo per collected on 7, 15, 16,17th and 32nd days of estrous cycle. The serum samples were separated and stored at -20 degree Celsius until analysis of hormones (PGFM and Progesterone via ELISA and RIA kit respectively) and biochemical parameters. The superovulatory response was measured as superovulatory treatment (ST) and was 15.11±0.96, 4.25±0.98, 4±0.94, 1 and 1respectively. The embryo recovery rate was 25%. The mean value of serum PGFM decreased significantly in the T2 group during all days of sample collection and progesterone concentration increased in the T2 group. In this study, a total of 3 pregnancies were achieved, one in each group with an overall conception rate of 16.6%. It can be concluded that tolfenamic acid is effective in reducing PGFM and increasing progesterone concentration during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle, which is beneficial in improving conception rate following embryo transfer as evident by PGFM and progesterone. More studies with better conceptions rate are required to validate these findings.

Water pollution is a major problem in India and most of the major rivers of the country are heavily polluted by different types of pollutants and invite the growth of various organisms including microalgae. The aim of the present investigation was to explore the biodiversity of the Blue-green algae from different polluted habitats of Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. The present paper deals with the diversity of non-heterocystous filamentous taxa of the family Pseudanabaenaceae. Water samples collected from three different polluted water reservoirs of Meerut, U.P., India were subjected to microscopic observations and identification. The present study revealed the occurrence of total 45 strains of 15 species and 8 genera belonging to three sub families including Pseudanabaenoideae, Spirulinoideae and Leptolyngbyoideae of the family Pseudanabaenaceae viz. Geitlerinema lemmermannii, G. nematode, Jaaginema gracile Leptolyngbya aspera, L. foveolarum, L. geysericola, L. gracilis, L. mycoidea; Limnothrix planctonica, Planktolyngbya contorta, Pseudanabaena limnetica, P. minima, P. Recta, Romeria mexicana and Spirulina subsalsa. The study also revealed the unexplored diversity of non-heterocystous filamentous blue green algae from three polluted water reservoirs of Meerut, U.P., India.

Application of a broad-spectrum post-emergence herbicide is a promising weed management option for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). So, the goal of this experiment was to find out how much and when to use topramezone to control weeds in chickpea. The experiment was designed in RBD of ten treatments, viz. two different doses of topramezone 20.6 and 25.7 g/ha were applied at 14, 21, and 28 days after sowing (DAS) and quizalofop-p-ethyl 100 g/ha at 25 DAS applied as postemergence (PoE). The ready-mix of pendimethalin 30% + imazethapyr 2% 1000 g/ha applied as pre-emergence (PE) fb one HW at 30 DAS, weed free check, (WFC) and weedy check (WC). Among different application times of topramezone sprayed, early-PoE application (14 DAS) caused some phytotoxicity on crop (rating 4), and late-PoE application (28 DAS) was less effective on weeds, but the application of topramezone at 21 DAS controlled all broad and narrow leaf weeds without crop injury. In all the topramezone sprayed plots, topramezone 25.7 g/ha (21 DAS) had the lowest narrow and broad-leaf weeds density, and total weed dry weight than other doses and application times. Among all PoE herbicide treatments, topramezone 25.7 g/ha (21 DAS) yielded the highest seed yield (1.31 t/ha), while quizalofop-p-ethyl 100 g/ha (25 DAS) yielded the lowest (0.79 t/ha). It produced 7-65% higher seed yield as compared to other doses and time of application of all PoE applied herbicides. It gave 81% and 116% higher net return than topramezone 25.7 and 20.6 g/ha sprayed at 28 DAS (late-PoE), and 159% and 259% higher than topramezone 25.7 and 20.6 g/ha sprayed at 14 DAS (early- PoE), respectively. Hence, topramezone application of 25.7 g/ha (21 DAS) can be safely used for proper weed management in the chickpea crop.

This study has reviewed various concepts, theories of behavioral finance regarding the irrationality of individual investors’ behavior. Investment is one of the important driving pillars of the economic growth of the country. During the past few decades, investment pattern is more driven by irrational factors. So the behavioral finance theories, such as prospect theory, heuristic, herding, and theory of planned behavior, etc., came into the limelight. That captured the researchers’ attention towards behavioral factors that affects the investors’ decision making. The main intents of the study are to give insight into various behavioral biases and other psychological variables that drives the investment decision making of investors. This study would be helpful for emerging researches that are focusing on the improvement of the efficiency of the capital market for good economic growth. Financial advisors and fund houses could get clear insight for increasing the efficiency of investors, market, and so the economic growth.

Any damage and bad stimulus causes pain and inflammation. The compound used for pain is known as analgesic and for inflammation is known as anti-inflammatory. The title compounds were evaluated for analgesic activity using Tail-Flick method and anti-inflammatory activity using Carrgenan Induced Rat Paw Edema. Diclofenac Sodium used as standard drug. The chloro, fluro and nitro containg derivatives showed best activity as compared to methyl, methoxy and hydroxy derivatives.

The objective of the current study is to evaluate the prospective of liquisolid formulation to improve the dissolution rate of ketoprofen and thereby the bioavailability. Different batches of liquisolid were prepared using polyethylene glycol 200 as a solvent, microcrystalline cellulose, and aerosil 200 as carrier and coating material, respectively. Central composite design (3(2)) was utilized to examine the effects of independent variables (load factor and excipient ratio) on dependent variables (solubility and % in vitro drug release). Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy techniques were employed for characterization of optimized batch (LS-10) of liquisolid formulation. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity for liquisolid formulation exhibited a higher anti-inflammatory effect than ketoprofen and physical mixture. The statistical analysis of in vivo (anti-inflammatory and analgesic) activities data demonstrated that the test (optimized formulation) treatment group resulted in quick pharmacological response in Wistar rats and Albino mice when compared with standard (pure drug) and control treatment groups. The results obtained in the present study illustrated that the liquisolid formulation could be a propitious approach to increase the bioavailability of ketoprofen and could be used in oral therapy.

A field experiment was conducted on “Identification of profitable, resource efficient and sustainable rice based cropping system for Chhattisgarh plains under irrigated condition” at the Research cum Instructional Farm, I.G.K.V., Raipur (Chhattisgarh) during the kharif, rabi and summer season of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 to study the energetics of winter crops under rice (Oryza sativa L.) based cropping sequences in irrigated condition of Chhattisgarh plains. Results revealed that energy output, net energy and energy intensity was found significantly higher with Wheat grown in rice-wheat-dhaincha (T1) cropping system recorded significantly maximum energy output and net energy during 2018-19, which was comparable to sweet corn grown in rice – sweet corn - cowpea (v) (T6), while during 2019-20 and on mean basis, sweet corn grown in rice – sweet corn - cowpea (v) (T6) recorded significantly highest energy output and net energy among the all rabi crops, However, it was at par with rice-wheat-dhaincha (T1) on mean basis. Rice – cabbage – green gram (T4) recorded lowest energy output and net energy during both the years and on mean basis. Significantly highest energy intensity was recorded in wheat grown as a rabi crop in rice-wheat-dhaincha (T1) cropping system over rest of the rabi crops during both the years and on mean basis. Rice – cabbage – green gram (T4), recorded the lowest energy intensity during 2018-19. Similarly, rice - onion + coriander - cowpea (s) cropping system recorded lowest energy intensity during 2019-20 and on mean basis. Significant influence on energy output: input ratio during both the years and on mean basis. Sweet corn grown in rice – sweet corn - cowpea (v) (T6) recorded significantly higher energy output: input ratio which remained comparable to each other during both the years and on mean basis. However it was at par with rice-wheat-dhaincha (T1) and rice – sweet corn – cluster bean (T3) during 2018-19. Rice – cabbage – green gram (T4) recorded the lowest energy output: input ratio during both the years and on mean basis. Significantly highest energy use efficiency was recorded in rice – sweet corn - cowpea (v) (T6), over rest of the rabi crops during both the years and on mean basis. However it was at par with rice – sweet corn – cluster bean (T3) during 2018-19. Rice – wheat – dhaincha (T1) recorded lowest energy use efficiency during 2018-19. Similarly, rice – safflower – cowpea (f) (T7) recorded the lowest energy use efficiency during 2019-20 and on mean basis. Significantly highest specific energy was recorded in rice-wheat-dhaincha (T1) over rest of the rabi crops during both the years and on mean basis. However, it was at par with rice – safflower – cowpea (f) (T7) during 2019-20. Nevertheless, lowest specific energy was recorded in rice - onion + coriander - cowpea (s) cropping system during both the years and on mean basis.

The present paper deals with the diversity of non-heterocystous filamentous blue-green algal taxa of the family Phormidiaceae, Oscillatoriales, Cyanoprokaryote. Blue-green algal samples were collected from three different polluted water reservoirs of Meerut, U.P., India and identified upto the species level. The present study revealed the occurrence of total 15 strains of 08 species of 4 genera of subfamily Phormidioideae of the family Phormidiaceae, Oscillatoriales, Cyanoprokaryote viz. Arthrospira khannae, A. maxima, Planktothrix agardhii, P. clathrata, P. isothrix, Planktothricoides raciborskii, Tychonema bornetii and T. sequanum. The study also revealed the occurrence of potential strains of non-heterocystous filamentous blue green algae from three polluted water reservoirs of Meerut, U.P., India. Three taxa Planktothricoides raciborskii, Tychonema bornetii and T. sequanum are being reported first time from India.

We consider a ride-hailing platform that seeks to maximize its profit by dynamically dispatching cars to pick up customers and centrally relocating cars from one area to another. We model the ride-hailing platform as a closed stochastic processing network. Because the problem appears intractable, we resort to an approximate analysis in the heavy-traffic regime and consider the resulting Brownian control problem. This problem is simplified considerably and reduced to a lower-dimensional singular control problem called the workload formulation. We develop a novel algorithm to solve the workload problem numerically. We apply this algorithm to the workload problem derived from the New York City taxi data set. The solution helps us derive a dynamic control policy for the New York City application. In doing so, we prescribe the ride-hailing platform to first solve an offline linear program, whose optimal solution can be interpreted as the optimal static control policy. This solution helps partition the areas of the city into pools of areas. The platform only uses the information on the fraction of cars in the various pools, which reduces the state space dimension significantly, making the problem computationally tractable. When the distribution of cars among the pools is balanced, the platform follows the optimal static control policy. Otherwise, the platform intervenes to move the system to a more balanced state by either dropping demand or using a dispatch or relocation activity that is not used under the optimal static control policy. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic control policy for the New York City application using a simulation study.

The North-Eastern states including Tripura of India are considered as one of the Mega Hot spot of the world for its faunal and floral diversity richness including microalgae and Cyanobacteria (Cyanoprokaryotes / Bluegreen Algae). However, Tripura State has been ignored by algologists for a long time for diversity evaluation of different algal groups from the state due to its non-accessibility and poor connectivity with rest part of the country. Tripura is a landlocked state of North-East Region of India and it is surrounded by Bangladesh from three sides West, North, South and only from East side connected with India. Details are given in modified Google geographic map (Fig.1). Tripura enjoy the highest rainfall during monsoon season (June to August) and lowest rainfall during winter season (November-January). Tripura faces 0 highest temperature (32-36 C) during premonsoon season (March-May) and lowest 0 temperature (10-12 C) during winter season (December-January). The Blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria / cyanoprokaryotes) are one of the most important group of microorganisms with tremendous potential for their application in different fields. Taxonomically, they have been very complicated group of living organisms since long back and traditionally they were classified on the basis of morphological parameters (Geitler 1932, Desikachary 1959, Komárek 2013, Komárek & Anagnostidis, 1998 & 2005) but later on a new classification system was developed by integration of morphological features with molecular and genetic characters by Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (Castenholz 2001). Recently a polyphasic approach is developed for the taxonomic assignments of the cyanoprokaryotes by incorporating molecular, physiological and ecological data with morphological features, and this polyphasic approach has become a very much fascinating system for nomenclature to solve the problem of classification of Blue-green Algae (Komárek & Anagnostidis 2005, Komárek 2013). By using polyphasic approach, nostocacean blue-green algae have been revised by Komárek (2013) and he classified Nostocales into 12 families. Traditionally, nostocalean members are characterised by p r e sence o f unb ranched f i l amen t s differentiated into vegetative cells, heterocysts and akinetes. The genus Nostoc Voucher (Bornet and Flahault 1888) is a filamentous, heterocystous and diazotrophic Blue-green North Eastern Himalayan region of India is known for biodiversity richness of fauna and flora including microalgae and cyanoprokaryotes. Present paper deals with the diversity of genus Nostoc Vaucher from Indo-Bangla region of Tripura, India. is a filamentous, unbranched, heterocystous and diazotrophic Blue-green Alga. In the present investigation we report seventeen species of Nostoc from Tripura, India, out of which, twelve species are new addition to the flora of Tripura. Our study also revealed that out of total seventeen species of Nostoc, about 23.5% grow in rice fields and rest about 76.5 % flourish on other habitats of Tripura, India, which may be due to indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

A field experiment was conducted on Instructional cum Research Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.) during kharif season 2018 to evaluate the new formulation of oxyfluorfen (20 % DF) on weed control in direct seeded rice. Oxyfluorfen is a diphenyl-ether herbicide as a pre-emergence herbicide used for control of annual, perennial and broad leaved weeds in a various field crops. Pre-emergence (PE) application of oxyfluorfen 20 DF @ 720 g ha-1 gave significantly lower total weed density, weed dry weight and higher weed control efficiency at all the intervals. However, Oxyfluorfen 20 DF @ 240 g ha-1 as PE herbicide can keep the weed density and dry weight below the economic threshold level and increase the grain yield (49.51 q ha-1) and straw yield (64.52 q ha-1) in direct seeded rice. Unweeded control accounted for lower grain yield (5.83 q ha-1) which causes higher weed density and dry weight, respectively due to heavy competition of weeds for nutrients, space and light.

In this paper, we provide an explicit formula for the number of subgroups series of group Z(pm) x Z(pn) which contains a subgroup of order p where p is a prime number and, n is an element of Z(+). This is achieved by using the maximal chains of subgroups which contains a subgroup of order p and the recurrence relation techniques.