Phototherapy is the first-line treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Despite its widespread use, concerns persist regarding the potential biological effects of phototherapy beyond bilirubin reduction, particularly in vulnerable populations such as preterm infants. Comparative data evaluating oxidative stress and DNA damage (8-OHdG) in response to phototherapy in term versus preterm neonates are limited. This study evaluated the association between blue LED phototherapy and oxidative stress and 8-OHdG in both term and preterm newborns. This study was a prospective exploratory cohort study with repeated measurements of oxidative stress markers before and after phototherapy. We included 20 term and 20 preterm infants receiving phototherapy as study group and 17 term and 19 preterm as reference group without phototherapy. Blood samples were collected before (pre) and 24 h after (post) phototherapy to assess total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidative status (TOS), and 8-OHdG in the study group while the reference group had single initial measurements. Multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (gestational age and baseline total bilirubin) and an adjusted repeated-measures analysis were performed. Before phototherapy, there was no significant difference in TAC, TOS, or 8-OHdG between the term study and reference groups or between the preterm study and reference groups after adjustment for gestational age and baseline total bilirubin. Similar to the univariate analysis, in term study group there was no significant difference in pre and post TAC, TOS, and 8-OHdG, while in preterm study group, pre and post TAC, TOS, 8-OHdG levels were significantly decreased after adjustment analysis for gestational age and baseline total bilirubin. Preterm study group had lower pre and post TOS and 8-OHdG and post TAC than term study group, whereas pre TAC was similar. Blue LED phototherapy was associated with lower oxidative stress and DNA damage markers in preterm newborns but not in term newborns. These findings suggest a gestational age–dependent biochemical response to phototherapy, potentially mediated by bilirubin-related redox balance.

Background: Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) is the principal carrier of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and is independently synthesized by the neonate. Whether neonatal DBP at birth adds predictive value beyond baseline 25(OH)D for supplementation response remains unclear. Methods: This single-center prospective cohort study enrolled 101 neonates. Neonates with 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL (supplementation-response cohort; n = 59: 29 preterm, 30 term) received 800 IU/day oral cholecalciferol for 8 weeks; neonates with 25(OH)D ≥ 20 ng/mL served as baseline reference controls (n = 42). Serum 25(OH)D and DBP were measured at baseline and week 8 in the supplementation-response cohort. Results: Median baseline 25(OH)D was 8.6 [6.7-12.0] ng/mL and median baseline DBP was 4.9 [3.7-8.1] µg/mL. After supplementation, 25(OH)D increased significantly (median Δ = 17.7 ng/mL; p < 0.001), with 55/59 (93.2%) achieving sufficiency. In multivariable regression, gestational age was the strongest independent predictor of Δ25(OH)D (β = -0.440, p = 0.001), followed by baseline 25(OH)D (β = -0.314, p = 0.015); baseline DBP was not significant (β = 0.072, p = 0.551). Conclusions: Baseline DBP did not independently predict supplementation response. Lower gestational age and lower baseline 25(OH)D were associated with greater increases in 25(OH)D after supplementation, whereas baseline DBP provided no additional predictive value. Supplementation with 800 IU/day for 8 weeks was effective across gestational-age categories. Routine DBP measurement does not appear to provide additional clinical value for guiding neonatal vitamin D supplementation.

The relationship between elevated lactate levels, oxidative stress (OS) and DNA damage in neonates remains unclear; however, neonates with high lactate levels in umbilical cord gases may exhibit increased OS and DNA damage, thus serving as an indirect indicator of OS and DNA damage. The present study evaluated the relationship between elevated umbilical cord blood lactate levels, OS and DNA damage in term neonates. The present prospective, single-center study included 61 term newborns, categorized into a study group (n=38) with cord blood lactate levels of ≥5 mmol/l, and a control group (n=23) with lactate levels of <5 mmol/l. Blood samples of the study and control groups were obtained within the first 12 h for measurements of total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and DNA damage. Second samples and measurements were obtained at 72-96 h after lactate levels fell to <5 mmol/l in the study group and samples for the control group were also obtained at postnatal 72-96 h for TOS and TAC measurements. Results in the first 12 h were referred to as TOS1/TAC1, while results at 72-96 h were referred to as TOS2/TAC2. The most accurate lactate cut-off for predicting pH ≤7.2 was 5.005 mmol/l (sensitivity, 92.9%; specificity, 48.9%). TOS1, TOS2, TAC1 and TAC2 levels were significantly higher in the study group (P<0.001). DNA damage was also higher in neonates with elevated lactate levels (P=0.01). Furthermore, lactate was negatively correlated with pH and base excess, and was positively correlated with DNA damage, TOS2 and TAC. In conclusion, these findings indicated that newborns with high umbilical cord lactate levels experience increased OS and DNA damage, even after lactate normalization. Therefore, lactate may serve as an indirect indicator of neonatal OS, warranting further investigation into its long-term implications.

ABO incompatibility is the most common blood group incompatibility in newborn babies, haemolytic disease develops in very few cases and is much milder than Rh incompatibility. In our study, we aimed to retrospectively examine the changes in platelet parameters, in addition to the expected decrease in the erythrocyte count, in immunized ABO incompatible patients, by comparing them with those in the control group. The demographic data and laboratory results of patients born in our hospital between November 1, 1997, and December 31, 2023, who had accessible information, were examined. The haemogram parameters of newborns with haemolytic disease who did not have ABO incompatibility those of newborns with ABO incompatibility and those of newborns with positive direct anti-globulin test results were compared using statistical methods. A total of 5,198 out of 7,780 newborns were included in the study. A total of 2582 newborns for whom demographic and laboratory values ​​could not be obtained were excluded from the study. When the data of 5,158 newborns without incompatibility and 40 newborns with haemolytic disease due to ABO incompatibility were compared, the mean red blood cell (RBC), haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean platelet volume (MPV) values of newborns with haemolytic disease were found to be statistically significantly lower than those of newborns in the control group, whereas the platelet, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width (RDW) values were greater. Thrombocytopenia was not observed in any patient. Haemolytic disease due to ABO incompatibility is a mild haemolytic disease that is thought to be caused by maternal antibody density or low antigen density on neonatal erythrocytes. We detected an increase in the platelet count and a decrease in the erythrocyte count values in in the haemolytic group. Prospective studies are needed on this subject that also examine erythropoietin and thrombopoietin values.

AMAÇ: Zehirlenme vakalarının kliniği çok çeşitli olmakla beraber çocuklarda çoğunlukla semptom görülmemektedir. Çalışmamızda, çocuk zehirlenme olguları iki yıllık geriye dönük incelenerek, pandemi sürecinin zehirlenmelere etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmamız 01.03.2019 - 28.02.2021 tarihleri arasında Haseki Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Çocuk Acil Servisi’ne zehirlenme nedeniyle başvuran 0-18 yaş arasındaki hastaların geriye dönük değerlendirilmesiyle gerçekleştirildi. Hastane bilgi yönetim sisteminden hastaların epidemiyolojik ve klinik verileri kaydedildi. Sonuçlar istatistiksel yöntemlerle değerlendirildi. BULGULAR: Toplam 636 olgunun %53’ü (338) kız, %47’si (298) erkek idi. Zehirlenmelerin %91,9’unun oral alım ile meydana geldiği görüldü. İhmal/kaza nedenli zehirlenmeler erkek çocuklarında daha sık rastlanırken özkıyım nedenli zehirlenmeler kız çocuklarında daha sık görülmekteydi (p=<0,001). Çoklu ilaç ile zehirlenmeler özkıyım nedenli zehirlenmelerde daha sık rastlanmaktaydı (p=<0,001). Zehirlenmeler en sık evde (%90) gerçekleşmekte ve en sık ilaçlar (%59,8) ile olmaktaydı. Tek ilaç ile zehirlenmelerde en sık rastlanan etken parasetemol idi. Olgularımızın %84,1’i şifa ile taburcu oldu, %6’sı servise yatırıldı, %5,8’i sevk edildi ve %4’ü yoğun bakıma yatırıldı. Ölen vaka olmadı. SONUÇ: Altı yaş altı çocuklardaki kaza ve ihmal nedeniyle olan zehirlenmeler, ailelere eğitim verilerek, daha büyük çocuklarda görülen intihar nedenli zehirlenmeler, eğitim ve psikososyal destek ile önlenebilir.

The presence of a foreign body in the heart have been reported, mostly in adults. Deaths and injuries can result from the breakage or rupture of angiography catheters. We present a case in which an angiocath tip was identified in the right ventricle of a pediatric patient, and the patient died as a result thereof. As no similar cases have been reported, we would like to draw attention to this subject. A 4.5-month-old female patient who was hospitalized 3 times during her life had a history of peripheral venous access establishment in the extremities with angiocatheters. During these hospital admissions, a central catheter was not inserted, and no additional problems were identified. Emergency personnel responded and found the patient at home, experiencing bradycardia and arrhythmia. She was resuscitated and taken to the hospital, where she died. The autopsy revealed, the tip of a 1.5 cm long, 1 mm wide lumen catheter had penetrated the right ventricular wall (Fig. 1) (Fig. 2), thus her death was attributed to complications that developed as a result of the peripheral vascular access catheter tip breaking and migrating to the right ventricle. Although the patient did not have an ECG, physical examination by the emergency ambulance personnel revealed an irregular and bradycardic heartbeat, suggesting that the child may have developed arrhythmia and atrioventricular conduction block. Health care professionals must check upon removal of peripheral intravenous access, and record whether the integrity of the peripheral catheter tip was compromised to prevent similar events in future.

Background. Evaluating predictors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and severity among children may help clinicians manage the high rate of hospital admissions for suspected cases. Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of children during the pandemic, and determine the predictors of COVID-19 and moderate-to-severe disease. Materials and methods. This retrospective cohort study included all consecutive COVID-19 cases in patients aged <18 years who presented to the Pediatric Emergency Department at Haseki Training and Research Hospital (Istanbul, Turkey) between March 15 and May 1, 2020, and underwent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of oro-nasopharyngeal swabs (n = 1137). Results. The frequency of SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity was 28.6%. The COVID-19 (+) group presented with sore throat, headache and myalgia significantly more frequently than the COVID-19 (-) group. Multivariate logistic regression models showed independent predictors of SARS-CoV-2 positivity as follows: age, contact history, lymphocyte count <1500/mm(3), and neutrophil count <4000/mm(3). In addition, higher age, neutrophil count and fibrinogen levels were independent predictors of severity. The diagnostic cutoff value for fibrinogen (370.5 mg/dL) had a sensitivity of 53.12, specificity of 83.95, positive predictive value (PPV) of 39.53, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 90.07 for predicting severity. Conclusions. Symptomatology, whether alone or in combination with other approaches, may be an appropriate strategy to guide the diagnosis and management of COVID-19.

Objective: Many studies have investigated the relationship of hematological, biochemical, immunological, and inflammatory markers with clinical severity during severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In this study, we determined the use of Pentraxin-3 as an acute phase marker in infection diagnosis, follow-up, and prognosis. Method: The study was initiated after ethics committee approval and consent from the patients and their relatives. A total of 167 children, including 103 outpatients and inpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and a control group consisting of 64 healthy children, were included in the study. The treatments, symptoms, radiological pneumonia findings, leukocyte count, absolute lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Pentraxin-3 values of the patients were recorded and compared with those of the control group. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the patient and control groups in terms of age and gender (p>0.05). The mean absolute neutrophil and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group. CRP, ferritin averages, and CRP >5 mg/L ratio of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Although Pentraxin-3 values were higher in the study group, no statistically significant difference was found between the control group and the study group. Ferritin levels were found to be significantly higher in inpatients than in the outpatient group. Conclusion: We found high CRP, absolute neutrophil count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte count, and platelet count in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. It should be noted that patients with high ferritin values may require inpatient treatment at the time of admission. Although Pentraxin-3 values were higher in the study group, no statistically significant difference was found. Further studies with larger patient groups are needed to use Pentraxin-3 as a prognostic indicator in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

BACKGROUND:Migraine is the most common primary headache in children. Neuromediators and deterioration in circadian rhythm and sleep disorders can play a role in the etiology of migraines. AIM:To determine the serum melatonin levels of children with migraine and the relationship between melatonin and childhood migraine. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Thirty-five children aged between 10 and 18 years with migraine as the case group and 35 healthy children of similar age and sex as the control group were included in the study. Venous blood samples were taken at 09.00 AM and melatonin analysis was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS:The mean serum melatonin levels of the case group and control group were found to be 300.1 ± 67.3 pg/mL and 314.9 ± 64.0 pg/mL, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P = 0.351). Comparison of the melatonin levels in the case group according to the clinical characteristics was not significantly different. CONCLUSION:An association between sleep and migraine is predictable, but its pathophysiology is not yet known. Etiological studies continue and the relationship between melatonin and migraine remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE:Functional constipation is the most common form of constipation, and its exact aetiology is still unclear. However, it is known that deficiencies in hormonal factors cause constipation by changing physiological mechanisms. Motilin, ghrelin, serotonin acetylcholine, nitric oxide, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide are factors that play a role in colon motility. There are a limited number of studies in the literature where hormone levels and gene polymorphisms of serotonin and motilin are examined. Our study aimed to investigate the role of motilin, ghrelin, and serotonin gene/receptor/transporter polymorphisms in constipation pathogenesis in patients diagnosed with functional constipation according to the Rome 4 criteria. METHODS:Sociodemographic data, symptom duration, accompanying findings, the presence of constipation in the family, Rome 4 criteria, and clinical findings according to Bristol scale of 200 cases (100 constipated patients and 100 healthy control) who applied to Istanbul Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic, between March and September 2019 (6-month period) were recorded. Polymorphisms of motilin-MLN (rs2281820), serotonin receptor-HTR3A (rs1062613), serotonin transporter-5-HTT (rs1042173), ghrelin-GHRL (rs27647), and ghrelin receptor-GHSR (rs572169) were detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS:There was no difference between the two groups in terms of sociodemographic characteristics. Notably, 40% of the constipated group had a family history of constipation. The number of patients who started to have constipation under 24 months was 78, and the number of patients who started to have constipation after 24 months was 22. There was no significant difference between constipation and control groups in terms of genotype and allele frequencies in MLN, HTR3A, 5-HTT, GHRL, and GHSR polymorphisms (p<0.05). Considering only the constipated group, the rates of gene polymorphism were similar among those with/without a positive family history of constipation, constipation onset age, those with/without fissures, those with/without skin tag, and those with type 1/type 2 stool types according to the Bristol stool scale. CONCLUSION:Our study results showed that gene polymorphisms of these three hormones may not be related to constipation in children.

Pediatric aortic dissection is an emergency condition that is difficult to diagnose and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. To draw attention to this issue, we present two male cases diagnosed with aortic dissection because of an autopsy. A 16-year-old man with severe new-onset chest pain had an unremarkable physical examination, electrocardiography, and laboratory values. Aortic dissection was not detected on non-contrast computed tomography or echocardiography. Type A aortic dissection was discovered during the patient's autopsy. In the second case, a 10-year-old male patient complained of fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The physical examination and biochemical tests were unremarkable. Type B aortic dissection was discovered during the autopsy. Genetic and congenital causes predisposing to aortic dissection and hypertension or a history of trauma were not detected in either patient. Aortic dissection, which is very rare in children, should be considered in cases of persistent chest pain, and rapid diagnosis with contrast-enhanced tomography is vital.

Amaç: Çocuklarda tüberkülozun erken ve doğru tanısı tüberküloz kontrolünde ve tedavisinde oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma ev içi aktif tüberküloz tanılı birey ile temas sonrası tüberküloz gelişme riskinin ve tanıya yönelik tetkiklerin değerlendirmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 1 Mayıs 2019-2 Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında hastanemiz çocuk enfeksiyon polikliniğine başvuran ev içi aktif tüberkülozlu birey ile teması olan 0-18 yaş arası ve tüberküloz proflaksisi almayan hastalar, retrospektif olarak incelendi. Olgulardan istenmiş olan kan tahlilleri, akciğer görüntülemesi ve 3 gün sabahları alınan mide açlık suyunda aside dirençli bakteri boyanma, mikobakteri kültürü, tüberküloz PCR tetkiklerine hastane bilgi yönetim sisteminden bakılarak formlara not edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan çocuklar yaş, cinsiyet, şikâyet, indeks vakanın kimliği, BCG aşı skarının varlığı, ev içi temas süresi, PPD boyutu, laboratuvar sonuçları, akciğer görüntülemesi açısından incelendi. Tüberküloz hastalığı ve latent tüberküloz enfeksiyonu tedavisi alan çocuklar arasında yaş, indeks vakanın kimliği, akciğer görüntülemesi, C reaktif protein, lökosit, nötrofil değerleri ve PPD boyutu açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptandı (p

Background: Prolonged cardiac repolarization may increase cardiovascular susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias, leading to sudden cardiac death. This condition in obese children is not clearly demonstrated in childhood. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of obesity on cardiac electrical activity in children by comparing Tp-e intervals between obese and healthy children and evaluating the correlation between Tp-e intervals and insulin resistance in obese children. Methods: The study enrolled 50 obese and 50 healthy children. A pediatric cardiologist assessed electrocardiograms and echocardiographs. Electrocardiographic, demographic, and laboratory parameters were analyzed statistically. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in age and gender (P > 0.05). The Tp-e intervals were statistically higher in the obese group than in the control group (P = 0.001). A statistically significant difference was found between the obese group with or without insulin resistance and the control group in Tp-e intervals (P = 0.001 for all). All other ECG parameters were similar in the patient and control groups. Conclusions: It is essential to recognize the early symptoms of future cardiovascular events in childhood obesity cases. Repolarization differences in obese children, when compared with the normal population, may reflect obesity-related early-stage subclinical findings. Prospective broad-based studies are needed to recognize these early changes.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, nörojenik mesane tanılı

Purpose: One of the respiratory supports in acute respiratory failure (ARF) is high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy, which is being increasingly used in this study. We aimed to evaluate the patients with ARF who received HFNC oxygen therapy in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: The study was done retrospectively in 104 patients who were admitted to the pediatric ICU and received HFNC oxygen therapy between January 2015 and December 2017. Results: The median age of the patients participating in the study was 5 months. The most common cause of hospitalization was lower respiratory disease (97.1%), and 52.9% of the patients had type 1 respiratory failure. The median length of stay in the pediatric ICU was 7 days, while the median duration of HFNC oxygen therapy was 48 hours. In patients who were intubated during HFNC oxygen therapy (28.8%), the proportions of having a chronic disease and chronic lung disease were significantly higher than those who were not intubated (p=0.001, p=0.033, respectively). In terms of complications, nasal skin damage (8.7%) and pneumothorax (1.9%) were developed. The proportions of chronic diseases and congenital heart disease of the patients who were admitted to pediatric ICU and died after HFNC oxygen therapy were significantly higher than the survivors (p=0.043, p=0.003, respectively). Conclusion: The results of HFNC oxygen therapy, which is being increasingly used in the treatment of respiratory failure in children, are generally satisfactory. However, due to possible complications, close monitoring is required during the application.

Introduction Although sepsis in neonates is increasingly less prevalent in developed countries, it continues to represent a cause of significant mortality and morbidity (1). Neonatal sepsis is seen in 1-10/1000 live births. Despite the advances made in antibiotherapy in neonatal sepsis, there are still vital problems for both term and premature newborns (2). Neonatal sepsis is classified as early-onset sepsis (ENS) (0-3 days) or late-onset sepsis (LNS) (4-28 days), depending on the time of onset of symptoms and findings, and as unproved (presence of bacterial growth in hemoculture) or clinical sepsis (no bacterial growth in hemoculture), depending on whether or not a microbiological agent is isolated (3). The gold standard in the diagnosis of sepsis is the growth of one or more microbial agents in blood culture. However, this is not always possible. The main assistant techniques in diagnosis involve inflammatory markers such as white cell count and C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, fibrinogen, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum amyloid-A (SAA), and pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) (4). PTX-3 is an endothelium and

Antiepileptik ilaçların epilepsili çocukların D vitamini düzeylerine etkisi Giriş: Epilepsi çocukluk çağında sık görülebilen bir nörolojik hastalık olup antiepileptik ilaç tedavisini gerektirmektedir. Çeşitli antiepileptik ilaçların vitamin D metabolizması üzerine olumsuz etkileri bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada epilepsi tanılı çocuklarda sıklıkla kullanılan valproat, levetirasetam ilaçlarının 25 OH vitamin D düzeyleri üzerine etkisinin araştırılması planlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Epilepsi tanısı ile levetirasetam, valproat ve levetirasetam+valproat tedavisi alan toplam 181 çocuk ile 233 sağlıklı kontrol grubu çalışmaya dahil edildi. Her iki grubun vitamin D düzeyleri ve kalsiyum değerleri karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda antiepileptik tedavi alan çocukların 25 OH vitamin D düzeyleri ve kalsiyum düzeyleri sağlıklı çocuklara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düşük saptandı (p:0,001). Valproat, levetirasetam ve levetirasetam+valproat tedavisi alan çocukların D vitamini ve kalsiyum düzeyleri karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark izlenmedi (p=0,300, p=0,700). Sonuç: Epilepsi tanılı çocukların aldıkları antiepileptik çeşidinden bağımsız olarak 25 OH vitamin D ve kalsiyum düzeyleri düşük saptanmıştır. Antiepileptik tedavi altındaki çocukların takibinde D vitamini ve kalsiyum düzeylerinin ölçümü ve düşüklük halinde tedavisinin yapılması büyüme çağındaki çocukların gelişimleri açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Aim: Transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) measurement methods cause false results during and after phototherapy (PT), so bilirubin levels are followed by total serum bilirubin (TSB) measurement, which causes taking blood samples and increases the risk of infection.We compared the TCB measurements made with Bilicare™ and TSB measurements by preventing PT exposure of a part of the skin in newborns receiving PT and evaluating the reliability of the measurements made with Bilicare™ after PT. Methods:This study was conducted between 01 February-30 June 2020 as a single-center cross-sectional study.The study included newborns aged 35 weeks and up who were admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit for PT.TSB measurements were reviewed by the hospital automation system.Bilicare™ bilirubin meter was used for TCB measurements.Simultaneous TSB and TCB measurements were made before PT.The skin area to be measured was covered with a radio-opaque patch.After PT, simultaneous TSB, exposed skin area TCB, and patched skin area TCB were measured.Simultaneous TSB and TCB measurements were repeated 24 h after the end of PT.The relationship between these data was evaluated statistically. Results:This study was conducted with 171 late preterm and term newborns with a gestational age of ≥35 weeks.79 (46.1%) were female and 92 (53.9%) were male newborns.The mean gestational age was 38.3±1.15weeks.When maternal and newborn blood groups were evaluated, 107 (62.5%) had no blood incompatibility, 53 (30.9%) had ABO incompatibility incompatibility, 9 (5.2%) had Rh incompatibility, 1 (0.6%) had subgroup incompatibility, and 1 (0.6%) had ABO incompatibility and Rh incompatibility.The correlation coefficient (r) of TSB and TCB measurements made before PT was 0.97 and a strong correlation was found.A correlation coefficient (r) of 0.98 and a strong correlation between closed skin area TCB measurement and TSB measurement immediately after PT were detected.The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.96 and a strong correlation was found between the TCB and TSB measurements performed 24 h after the PT was terminated. Conclusion:This study shows that TCB measurements made from unexposed areas can be safely measured in patients with PT.