In this paper, water waves interaction with two thin vertical barriers over shelf bottom topography is analysed using linearised wave theory. The associated mixed boundary value problem is solved with the aid of method involving eigenfunction expansions of the velocity potential and orthogonality relation of the eigenfunctions. Further, the resulting system of algebraic equations is solved using the least square method to find the physical quantities, that is, reflection and transmission coefficients, free surface elevation and non-dimensional horizontal force experienced by the barriers. The energy balance relation is derived from Green's identity which ensures the correctness of the present results. The obtained results are also compared with the results available in the literature for validation purpose. With the help of different plots, the effect of depth ratios, length of the barriers, angle of incidence and gap between the barriers is investigated for various values of physical parameters. The study reveals that the phenomena of zero reflection, that is, full transmission can be avoided by using non-identical barriers or asymmetric shelf bottom topography. Also, it is highlighted that the presence of two barriers instead of a single barrier over shelf topography will help to reduce the transmitted wave energy near the seashore. A generalisation of number of surface piercing barriers over the shelf bottom topography is also demonstrated.

Due to the steep rise in grid-connected solar Photovoltaic (PV) capacity and the intermittent nature of solar generation, accurate forecasts are becoming ever more essential for the secure and economic day-ahead scheduling of PV systems. The inherent uncertainty in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) forecasts and the limited availability of measured datasets for PV system modeling impacts the achievable day-ahead solar PV power forecast accuracy in regions like India. In this study, an operational day-ahead PV power forecast model chain is developed for a 250 MWp solar PV park located in Southern India using NWP-predicted Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) from the European Centre of Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) models. The performance of the Lorenz polynomial and a Neural Network (NN)-based bias correction method are benchmarked on a sliding window basis against ground-measured GHI for ten months. The usefulness of GHI transposition, even with uncertain monthly tilt values, is analyzed by comparing the Global Tilted Irradiance (GTI) and GHI forecasts with measured GTI for four months. A simple technique for back-calculating the virtual DC power is developed using the available aggregated AC power measurements and the inverter efficiency curve from a nearby plant with a similar rated inverter capacity. The AC power forecasts are validated against aggregated AC power measurements for six months. The ECMWF derived forecast outperforms the reference convex combination of climatology and persistence. The linear combination of ECMWF and NCMRWF derived AC forecasts showed the best result.

The improvement in transmission loss (TL) in the target frequency band is the primary goal of exhaust muffler design. The non-reflective boundary conditions are simulated, and the transmission loss is calculated using the finite element method. By modifying structural elements such as the expansion diameter, expansion length, open area ratio, and baffle plate, the reactive muffler used in the farm tractor was given an improved TL using the finite element method (FEM). Improved mufflers’ noise emission was tested and compared to that of an existing reactive-type muffler. The tests were conducted in accordance with ISO 7216 and ISO 5131, the worldwide requirements for product noise emissions while considering different types of exhaust systems, location of the sound level meter, engine speed, and operating gear. The collected data was examined using a factorial test that was based on a fully randomized design. The modified muffler-2’s TL in the frequency range of 0–2000 Hz increased on average by 22.75 dB in comparison to the existing reactive-type muffler. According to the outcomes of a completely randomized design, the primary influences of engine speed, gear position, and exhaust type on the noise produced by tractors were found to be significant at a 5

Side door latches in an automotive play a major role in occupants’ safety. The latches consist of both retention assembly and actuator assembly. The actuator assembly majorly consists of motor, gear & other components and these are protected through a Plastic Lower case and Housing. The Lower case (over-mold) with the Electrical Component Carrier - ECC (pre-mold) plays an important role in providing electrical power supply to the latch system. Since these parts are manufactured with terminal traces & plastics, upfront mold flow simulations help the product teams to evaluate the short fills, warpage, and other quality aspects in the critical areas of these components. In the part assembly station, the ECC (pre-mold) and the Lower case (over-mold) are connected to the Motor on one side and the Connector on the other. The proper alignment of the pre-mold pins is of great importance and the pre-mold must not be externally visible once the molding is complete. During the prototype build, the pins were offset/dislocated due to pre-mold shift. This in turn caused deformation of the Over-mold resulting in dimensional inconsistency leading to assembly & functional issues. This issue was complex since the part couldn’t be modified structurally because of the constraints in packaging as these interfaces with the backplate & the child feature would affect its integrity. Here, overcoming the ‘pre-mold’ shift was an important aspect to keep the Lower-case pins within the location limits ensuring a proper part assembly. However, it was challenging to control the ‘pre-mold’ shift defect merely based upon the molding manufacturing knowledge. Hence, we had to utilize ‘core-deflection analysis’ method in Moldex-3D, an injection molding specialized software, to verify the cause of ‘pre-mold’ shift and correct the problem. Virtual simulation technique has helped to resolve the issue and same technic was used in production tool. This paper will provide an insight to both the methodologies used and the tooling changes required to achieve the product assembly requirements.

A minimally invasive transverse beam profile monitor based on supersonic gas curtain technology and beam-induced fluorescence has been developed and demonstrated. The concept presented can be used to measure both the profile of the proton beam in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the concentricity of the electron and the proton beams in the LHC hollow electron lens. In this Letter, the performance of such a monitor for a low energy electron beam is discussed, which paves the way for its wider implementation.

The generation of collimated, high brilliance γ-ray beams from a structured plasma channel target is studied by means of 2D PIC simulations. Simulation results reveal an optimum laser pulse duration of 20 fs for generating photon beams of brilliances up to 1020 s−1mm−1mrad−2 (0.1 %BW)−1 with photon energies well above 200 MeV in the interaction of an ultra-intense laser (incident laser power P L ≥ 5 PW) with a high-Z carbon structured plasma target. These results are aimed at employing the upcoming laser facilities with multi-petawatt (PW) laser powers to study the laser-driven nonlinear quantum electrodynamics processes in an all-optical laboratory setup.

Wire Electro Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a nonconventional machining method which is generally used to cut hard conductive materials which are not cut with conventional process. WEDM removes material by means of spark erosion. WEDM attained to cut complex shapes with good accuracy. In this paper, covered and reviewed of recent and earlier papers. In the present paper, study focused on effect of different optimization techniques i.e., single as well as multi objectives techniques on hard to cut materials. In this paper various input parameters such as pulse off time, pulse on time, gap voltage, peak current etc. are studied which are used for the optimized process parameters such as metal removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR) of WEDM. In this paper also covered single response techniques as well as multi responses techniques.

Background: In order to promote optimal development of children and adolescents at risk for psychiatric disorders, a better understanding of the concept resilience is crucial. Here, we provide an overview of recent work on clinical and epidemiological correlates of resilience and mental health in children and adolescents. Methodology : Our systematic literature search revealed 25 studies that unanimously show that higher levels of resilience are related to fewer mental health problems, despite the heterogeneity of study populations and instruments. Correlates of resilience included multisystem factors, such as social, cultural, family and individual aspects, which is in line with the multisystem approach as described by recent resilience theories. Longitudinal studies are scarce but confirm the dynamical character of resilience and mental health. The application of longitudinal studies and innovative measurement techniques will improve our understanding on the cascade effects of stressors on resilience and mental health outcomes. Results and conclusion: Resilience is strongly associated with mental health in children and adolescents and deserves a more prominent role in research, prevention programs and routine clinical care. Including social, cultural and family context in the evaluation of resilience is of great value, as this can identify targets for early and preventive interventions.

A farm tractor is the most important component of farm mechanization. Farm tractor noise, on the other hand, has a negative impact on human health. The exhaust system produces the most noise of all the noises produced by a tractor. A muffler is an acoustic filter that is used to reduce exhaust noise. Perforated ducts, baffles/perforated baffles, expansion chambers, and longer inlet/outlets are used to make mufflers. A person working in a workplace with a noise level of 90 dBA is limited to 8 h of work each day under the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA, 1983). As a result, utilizing the finite element approach and acoustic theory, an existing muffler (Reactive type muffler) was optimized to a combined resistance muffler after installing in a 47.6 PS, 2200 rated RPM three-cylinder diesel engine. Except for the frequency range of 138-455 Hz, 515-851 Hz, and 1524 Hz, the optimized combined resistance muffler had a considerable increase in transmission loss in all other frequency ranges. The improved muffler's mean transmission loss was 3.77 dB higher than the original muffler's in the 0-2000 Hz range, which indicates notable improvement in the noise canceling effect. The noise reduction of this combined resistance muffler was tested at operator ear level (OEL). Near rated engine speed, the combined resistance muffler suggests a noise reduction of 1.2 dBA-1.9 dBA over the existing muffler. The upgraded muffler also served as a benchmark for similar muffler structural improvements. Copyright (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Symposium on Failure and Preventive Maintenance of Machineries 2022.

Electron and ion acceleration at a non-relativistic collisionless shocks is studied by employing large scale one-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations in the de-Hoffmann and Teller (dHT) frame of reference. We demonstrate that diffusive shock acceleration of both electrons and ions occurs in quasi-perpendicular shock configurations at large Alfven Mach numbers. We also identify the role of precursor waves on the electron energization in the upstream region. The emergence of a significant non-thermal ion component holds important implications for observations of hadronic emission from collisionless shocks occurring for example in supernova remnants, and colliding stellar winds.

. Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) plays an important part in banking industry. Due to this, the main objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of determining factors across HRIS effectiveness in chosen commercial banks in India. In five dimensions HRIS was measured (Human Resource, Environmental, Technological, Organizational, and Security Factors). Likert scale which has five points of 28 statements is used by the whole HR department. The data was evaluated and analyzed with the help of package of statistical data analysis, SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0) along with the single variant and bi-variant methods. The investigations of the survey declares that 91.7% of HRM (Human Resource Management) effectiveness variance is explained by HRIS and investigated the significant difference between determining factors acrossHRIS of the bank employees concluded that human resource, technological, organizational, environmental and security factors significantly difference with HIRS of bank employees.

The process of radiation pressure acceleration (RPA) of ions is investigated with the aim of suppressing the Rayleigh–Taylor-like transverse instabilities in laser–foil interaction. This is achieved by imposing surface and density modulations on the target surface. We also study the efficacy of RPA of ions from density modulated and structured targets in the radiation dominated regime where the radiation reaction effects are important. We show that the use of density modulated and structured targets and the radiation reaction effects can help in achieving the twin goals of high ion energy (in GeV range) and lower energy spread.

The nonthermal acceleration of electrons and ions at an oblique, nonrelativistic shock is studied using large-scale particle-in-cell simulations in one spatial dimension. Physical parameters are selected to highlight the role of electron preheating in injection and subsequent acceleration of particles at high Mach number shocks. Simulation results show evidence for the early onset of the diffusive shock acceleration process for both electrons and ions at a highly oblique subluminal shock. Ion acceleration efficiencies of ≲5% are measured at late times, though this is not the saturated value.

In this era of science where we want things to get more durable and affectless from outer element like corrosion, wear, water, friction, biofouling etc, in this which reduction of wettability is an important phenomenon.we try to mimic water repellence property from our nature to reduce contact with water like a lotus leaf, rose petal, cicada wings etc, this effect is known as superhydrophobicity.In this paper, we have discussed a general introduction about superhydrophobicity and will focus on its application in different fields.In this review paper, there are a lot of examples of coatings that are made by different researchers.We have discussed extensive area of application of superhydrophobicity like corrosion reduction, marine industries, aeroplane industry, self-cleaning, anti-icing, wear resistivity etc.

We present results on the evolution of jets (electrons-positrons and photons) formed in colliding two ultraintense laser pulses with varying frequencies and amplitudes. We focus on the nonlinear dynamics of the seeded electrons in the superposition of the two counterpropagating laser pulses and its implications for the experimentally measurable properties of jets, e.g., angular spectra and widths of the emitted jets, by changing the intensity and frequency of the two colliding laser pulses. We verify our analytical results by doing both Monte Carlo and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations.

Electronic parametric instabilities of an ultrarelativistic circularly polarized laser pulse propagating in underdense plasmas are studied by numerically solving the dispersion relation which includes the effect of the radiation reaction force in laser-driven plasma dynamics. Emphasis is placed on studying the different modes in the laser-plasma system and identifying the absolute and convective nature of the unstable modes in a parameter map spanned by the normalized laser vector potential and the plasma density. Implications for the ultraintense laser-plasma experiments are pointed out.

The propagation of a relativistic electron-positron beam in a magnetized electron-ion plasma is studied, focusing on the polarization of the radiation generated in this case. Special emphasis is laid on investigating the polarization of the generated radiation for a range of beam-plasma parameters, transverse and longitudinal beam sizes, and the external magnetic fields. Our results not only help in understanding the high degrees of circular polarization observed in gamma-ray bursts, but they also help in distinguishing the different modes associated with the filamentation dynamics of the pair beam in laboratory astrophysics experiments.

Poultry industry can play very important role in improving the nutritional standards of the country. Currently the total Poultry population in our country is 729.21 million numbers (as per 19th Livestock Census, year 2012) and egg production is around 74.75 billion numbers during 2015-16. The current per capita availability (2015-16) of egg is around 63 eggs per year and per capita consumption of poultry meat 3.1 kg per year (National Nutrition Institute). The poultry meat production is estimated to be 2.69 million metric tonnes. Poultry sector accounts for about 1 per cent of the India GDP and 10 per cent of the livestock GDP. The purposive cum random sampling technique was applied for the selection of district, blocks, villages and respondents. From the selected villages the list of all the poultry farmer prepared and then categorized into three size groups on the basis of their number of raising poultry birds viz., Small size group – Less than 1000 birds, Medium size group –1000 – 2000 birds and Large size group – above 2000 birds From a list of 100 poultry owners’ farms (50 layer and 50 broiler farms) was selected randomly following the proportionate random sampling technique. The primary data regarding production and marketing in respect of broiler meat and eggs obtained through suitable designed schedule while secondary data collected from books, journals, reports and records of district and blocks headquarters. The data from poultry owner will be collected through survey methods by direct personal interview. Producer’s share in consumer’s price were 91.86, 85.41 and 73.52 per cent in marketing of Broiler in channel I, II and III respectively, comparing the efficiency index of all three channel in broiler marketing, it also concluded that channel I was most efficient then rest of two channel. Price spread came to Rs. 8.72, Rs. 14.99 and Rs. 27.66 per kg in channel I, II and III respectively, with accounted for 9.17, 15.18 and 26.48 per cent of the consumer’s price. Producer’s share in consumer price was highest (91.86) in channel I followed by channel II (85.41) and channel III (73.52). Marketing efficiency of broiler in channel –I obtained 11.06, channel –II 6.59 and channel-III 3.77. In present study examined that channel –I more efficient in compression with channel –II and channel-III. The present study in titled Price Spread and Marketing Efficiency of Broiler Marketing in Gorakhpur District of U.P., The data pertained for the agricultural year 2018-2019.

Laser pulses traveling through a plasma can feature group velocities significantly differing from the speed of light in vacuum. This modifies the well-known Volkov states of an electron inside a strong laser-field from the vacuum case and, consequently, all quantum electrodynamical effects triggered by the electron. Here we present an in-depth study of the basic process of photon emission by an electron scattered from an intense short laser pulse inside a plasma, labeled nonlinear Compton scattering, based on modified Volkov solutions derived from first principles. Consequences of the nonlinear, plasma-dressed laser dispersion on the Compton spectra of emitted photons and implications for high-intensity laser-plasma experiments are pointed out. From a quantitative numerical evaluation we find the plasma to effectively suppress emission of low-frequency photons, whereas the emission of high-frequency photons is enhanced. The emission's angular distribution, on the other hand, is found to remain qualitatively unchanged with respect to the vacuum case.

Collisionless shock acceleration of carbon ions (C6+) is investigated in the ultrarelativistic regime of laser-plasma interaction by accounting for the radiation reaction force and the pair production in particle-in-cell simulations. Both radiation reaction force and pair-plasma formation tend to slow down the shock velocity, reducing the energy of the accelerated ions, albeit extending the timescales of the acceleration process. The slab plasma target achieves a lower energy spread while the target with a tailored density profile yields higher ion acceleration energies.