Objective: Acute appendicitis is the most common indication for surgical intervention during pregnancy for non-gynaecological or non-obstetric causes. The aim of this study was to compare perioperative and postoperative outcomes of acute appendectomies in pregnant and non-pregnant patients of childbearing age. Methods: A retrospective clinical study focused on the comparison of perioperative and postoperative outcomes of acute appendectomy in pregnant and non-pregnant patients of reproductive age between January 2012 and December 2021 at the University Hospital in Ostrava. Results: A number of 308 patients underwent acute appendectomy, 25 pregnant and 283 non-pregnant. There were no statistically significant differences in age, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) classification, duration of complaints, baseline C-reactive protein values, sensitivity or specificity of sonography. A statistically significant difference was found in the leukocyte count between subgroups (P = 0.014) and in the number of laparoscopic procedures performed between the two subgroups (P < 0.001; 98.9% non-pregnant vs. 80.0% pregnant). There was also a statistically significant difference in the length of hospital stay, with the pregnant subgroup having a longer hospital stay (P = 0.014) and a statistically significant difference in the rate of postoperative complications between the defined subgroups (P = 0.039). Serious complications were described predominantly in the subgroup of pregnant patients, where they reached 12% compared to non-pregnant patients, where they were 2.8%. The mortality rate of the cohort was zero. Conclusion: The results of the study support the fact that pregnancy may be associated with complicated forms of acute appendicitis. Accurate and early diagnosis not only prevents the development of complicated forms of appendicitis but also reduces the number of negative appendectomies in pregnancy.

Epidermolysis bullosa or butterfly wing disease is a rare genetic disorder of connective tissue associated with the formation of blisters. The clinical manifestations are very diverse and affect not only the skin cover, but also mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal, urogenital and respiratory systems. A large proportion of patients suffer from severe constipation with the development of megacolon. The case report describes intestinal obstruction in a patient with a dystrophic form of epidermolysis bullosa which required surgical treatment.

INTRODUCTION:Low anterior resection (LAR) with total mesorectal excision (TME) represents the gold standard for patients with low rectal carcinoma. Protective ileostomy (PI) is commonly performed during LAR in an effort to protect low rectal anastomosis. The aim of this study is to analyse outcomes in our own patient population, focusing on morbidity associated with PI.METHOD:A retrospective clinical study of patients operated on between 2013 and 2015 was conducted in University Hospital Ostrava. All patients after LAR with PI due to low rectal cancer were included. The study design did not require randomisation.RESULTS:A total of 52 patients who underwent LAR with PI were included. Mean tumour height was 9.1±2.3 cm. 15.4% of the patients were classified as ASA I, 53.8% were classified as ASA II and 32.7% of the patients as ASA III. 30-day postoperative morbidity was 38.5%, and complications associated with PI (within 30 days after LAR) occurred in 7 (13.5%) patients. Three of these patients underwent urgent surgical revision due to small bowel obstruction (PI semirotation around its longitudinal axis in two patients and volvulus of the small bowel around PI in one patient). Mean time interval between PI creation and reversal was 252 days. During this period, complications associated with PI were detected in 25 (48.1%) patients; seven patients had more than one complication. Minor complications (such as peristomal dermatitis, stoma herniation or bleeding, wound infection after stoma reversal) were observed in 17 (32.7%) patients. Major complications (small bowel obstruction at the site of PI, dehydration due to high stoma output, intraabdominal abscess after stoma reversal) occurred in 8 (15.4%) patients.CONCLUSIONS:PI offers protection to low colorectal or coloanal anastomosis in rectal cancer surgery. However, this benefit is counterbalanced by a high risk of various complications which may occur during the whole period when PI is present. The decision for diversion should therefore be made only after careful consideration.Key words: rectal cancer - low anterior resection - laparoscopy - protective ileostomy - stoma complications.

INTRODUCTIONObstructive defecation syndrome (ODS) presents a common medical problem, which can be caused by various pelvic disorders; multiple disorders are frequently diagnosed. At the present, a high number of corrective techniques are available via various surgical approaches. Laparoscopic resection rectopexy is a minimally invasive technique, which comprises redundant sigmoidal resection with rectal mobilisation and fixation.METHODSThe aim of this paper was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic resection rectopexy in the treatment of patients with ODS. The evaluation was performed via our own patients data analysis and via literature search focused on laparoscopic resection rectopexy.RESULTSIn total, 12 patients with ODS undergoing laparoscopic resection rectopexy in University Hospital Ostrava during the study period (2012-2015) were included in the study. In our study group, mean age was 64.5 years and mean BMI was 21.9; the group included 11 women (91.6%). ODS was caused by multiple pelvic disorders in all patients. Dolichosigmoideum and rectal prolapse (internal or external) were diagnosed in all included patients. On top of that, rectocoele and enterocoele were diagnosed in several patients. Laparoscopic resection rectopexy was performed without intraoperative complications; mean operative time was 144 minutes. Mean postoperative length of hospital stay was 7 days. Postoperative 30-day morbidity was 16.6%. All postoperative complications were classified as grade II according to Clavien-Dindo classification. Mean preoperative Wexner score was 23.6 points; mean score 6 months after the surgery was 11.3 points. Significant improvement in ODS symptoms was noted in 58.3% of patients, and a slight improvement in 16.6% of patients; resection rectopexy provided no clinical effect in 25% of patients.CONCLUSIONIt is fundamental to carefully select those patients with ODS who could possibly profit from the surgery. Our results, in accordance with published data, suggest that laparoscopic resection rectopexy is a valuable surgical technique in the treatment of patients with ODS caused by multiple pelvic disorders.KEY WORDSobstructive defecation syndrome - constipation - resection rectopexy - operative techniques - pelvic floor disorders.

OBJECTIVEAn experience with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy using the natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) technique.BACKGROUNDBariatric surgery is nowadays the only long term effective obesity treatment method.METHODSTwenty one consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with the use of natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) in the Surgical Clinic of Faculty Hospital Ostrava between May 2012 and August 2012. Inclusion criteria were the body mass index (BMI) higher than 35 kg/m2 or higher than 32 kg/m2 accompanied with relevant comorbidities.RESULTSAmong 21 patients in this series, there were three men (14.3%) and 18 women (85.7%). Their mean age was 40.9±10.2 years. Their mean preoperative BMI was 40.4±4.6 kg/m2. No patient had previous bariatric surgery, one patient had laparoscopic fundoplication. All operations were completed laparoscopically with no conversions to an open procedure. In two cases, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed and the gallbladder was extracted along with the gastric specimen by transgastric approach.CONCLUSIONLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a safe and effective bariatric procedure with low morbidity and mortality. Based on our initial experiences it could be an indication for NOSE with transgastric approach. Obese patients would benefit from this approach due to the elimination of wound complications (Tab. 2, Fig. 3, Ref. 22).

INTRODUCTION:Surgical treatment of rectocele represents a controversial issue on the boundary between medical specialisations with many different corrective surgical techniques. Is it possible, based on the available knowledge, to determine an optimal operative technique for rectocele repair?METHODS:Complex literature search focusing on the identification of rectocele surgical repair studies in the MEDLINE, PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The aim of this paper is to offer a comprehensive review of the contemporary situation as regards rectocele surgical repair.RESULTS:There are four main possible approaches for rectocele repair - transvaginal, transanal, transperineal and transabdominal. Posterior colporrhaphy with levatoroplasty is the traditional transvaginal technique, performed at most gynaecological departments in various modifications. Defect-specific rectocele repair and mesh repair represent newer transvaginal techniques which offer better postoperative functional results, although with the risk of possible serious complications. Traditional transanal rectocele repair (vertical and horizontal plication of the rectovaginal septum) is currently performed only rarely due to its worse results in comparison with the transvaginal approach. Rectal resection using endostaplers (STARR and TRANSTAR techniques) is a modern transanal technique. Stapled rectocele repair leads to the correction of anorectal anatomical conditions and to the improvement of obstructive defecation symptoms with acceptable morbidity. Transperineal approach is usually used in patients with rectocele and anal incontinence due to a proven sphincter defect. Transabdominal laparoscopic approach is based on vaginorectopexy by means of mesh implantation, and it is indicated especially in patients with rectocele and enterocele.CONCLUSION:Based on the results of published studies, it is not possible to determine clear guidelines for rectocele surgical repair. Posterior colporrhaphy and stapled transanal repair are the most common techniques in practice. Prospective randomized studies focusing on the comparison between transvaginal and stapled transanal approach for rectocele repair are needed.

INTRODUCTION:Anorectal manometry is a diagnostic tool designed for the evaluation of functional parameters and assessment of anorectal activity coordination. In the last decade, the development of 3D high-resolution (HR) manometry and its expansion in experimental and clinical settings has been evident. Literature search (in the MEDLINE and PubMed databases) focusing on studies about 3-dimensional HR manometry was performed. The aim of this paper is to offer an overview of the current state of the art of manometry while concentrating on indications, protocol of the procedure and applicability of this examination in clinical practice.RESULTS:Development of solid catheters with miniaturized semiconductor sensors has enabled very precise measurement (high resolution) and creation of anorectal 3D pressure models. In comparison with water-perfused manometry systems, this method offers more accurate and more detailed data that can be employed in functional disorders assessment. The indications for anorectal manomery are symptoms of faecal incontinence and functional constipation. This modality can also be used in biofeedback therapy, in functional anorectal pain and when assessing patients undergoing continent rectal resection. The HR manometry protocol should comprise the measurement of anorectal resting pressures, the squeeze manoeuvre, the bear down manoeuvre, the cough reflex test, the rectoanal inhibitory reflex examination, rectal sensitivity testing and rectal compliance measurement. Processed data are fundamental in determining an individually tailored treatment plan for patients suffering from anorectal functional disorders.CONCLUSION:Anorectal 3D HR manometry presents a valuable diagnostic modality offering a new dimension in anorectal function understanding and can reveal new pathophysiologic mechanisms of anorectal functional disorders.

INTRODUCTION:Diverticular disease management represents a very topical issue with many unanswered questions as yet. Laparoscopic lavage and drainage in patients with acute diverticulitis is one of the controversial areas. Miniinvasive approach presents a possible treatment alternative for CT-guided percutaneous drainage and also for radical colon resection in the form of Hartmanns procedure or resection with primary anastomosis. MATERIAL A METHODS: The authors aim was the evaluation of patients with Hinchey II, III or IV diverticulitis treated by laparoscopic lavage and drainage, or by laparoscopic suture of the perforation, in a retrospective cohort study. The inclusion criterion for the study was laparoscopic lavage and drainage indication in patients with Hinchey II, III or IV diverticulitis. The primary aim of the study was laparoscopic treatment evaluation focused on leakage, if applicable, and on postoperative morbidity and mortality.RESULTS:During the study period (2007-2012), 12 patients operated on at our department (with a mean age of 71.7 years) were included into the study. The group comprised 7 men and 5 women with a BMI of 28.1 kg/m2. Laparoscopic exploration, lavage and drainage of the abdominal cavity with purulent peritonitis finding were performed in 10 patients. The site of bowel perforation was not located unambiguously in these patients. Two patients with faecal peritonitis and identified place of perforation underwent laparoscopic lavage, drainage and suture of the perforation. Postoperative leakage was not detected in any of the patients. The mean operating time was 65 minutes, postoperative morbidity reaching 27.7%, and postoperative mortality 0%. The mean length of hospital stay was 8.8 days. Elective laparoscopic resection was performed 6-15 weeks after the primary operation in 8 patients.CONCLUSION:Laparoscopic exploration with thorough lavage, suture of the perforation and drainage presents a possible alternative in modern management of acute diverticulitis. The miniinvasive approach indication should be based both on careful, highly individualised and complex patient evaluation and on the departments experience.

INTRODUCTIONDetailed, high-quality histopathological examination of colorectal carcinoma is an essential component of accurate disease staging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of standard pathological protocol implementation on the quality of colorectal cancer specimen evaluation.MATERIAL AND METHODSThe standard protocol for colorectal cancer specimens evaluation was created on the basis of the NCCN guidelines for colorectal carcinoma and in accordance with the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) recommendations. The protocol has been implemented into the practice of University Hospital Ostrava since 1 January 2013. All patients who underwent resection for colorectal cancer in University Hospital Ostrava between 1 January 2011 and 30 June 2013 were included into the study. Histopathological reports (before and after protocol implementation) were analysed with a focus on the presence of the parameters being monitored; the differences underwent statistical analysis.RESULTSIn total, 235 patients who underwent resection of colorectal cancer (184 patients before and 51 patients after protocol implementation) were included into the study. The mean number of investigated lymph nodes was 12.5±6.3 (colon) and 12.6±6.2 (rectum) before protocol implementation. The mean number of lymph nodes was 15.0±4.6 (colon) and 16.8±6.7 (rectum) after protocol implementation; the differences are statistically significant. Before protocol implementation, the limit of 12 investigated lymph nodes was not reached in 49 patients with colon carcinoma (43.8%) and in 32 patients with rectal carcinoma (44.4%). Statistically significant improvement was noted after protocol implementation - the limit of 12 lymph nodes was not reached in 5 patients (18.5%) with colon and 4 patients (16.7%) with rectal carcinoma. There were also differences in the number of macroscopic mesorectal excision quality evaluation, circumferential resection margin reports and signs of microscopic tumour aggressiveness, in favour of histopathological reports after standard protocol implementation.CONCLUSIONSOur retrospective study proved that the implementation of the standard protocol for colorectal cancer resection specimens leads to an improved quality of definitive histopathological reports.

INTRODUCTION:The aim of the study was to determine the impact of anastomotic leakage on long-term outcomes after curative surgery for rectal cancer.MATERIAL AND METHODS:The study included 174 patients who underwent elective, potentially curative open or laparoscopic resection with anastomoses for rectal cancer at the Department of Surgery of the University Hospital Ostrava from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2009. Anastomotic leakage was defined as clinically or radiologically confirmed signs of local or diffuse peritonitis, gas, pus or stool from the drain, rectoscopy signs of anastomotic insufficiency, or rectovesical or rectovaginal fistula. The Cox proportional hazards model with forward selection was used to determine the influence of predefined baseline characteristics on overall, disease-free survival and recurrence. The results are presented as Hazard Ratio (HR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI).RESULTS:Based on the Cox model, anastomotic leakage was not identified as a factor with a significant impact on overall or disease-free survival. Anastomotic leakage, however, has remained an independent risk factor for a higher local recurrence rate (Hazard Ratio: 6.621, 95% CI 1.289-34.020, p=0.024). On the contrary, anastomotic leakage was not identified as a statistically significant prognostic factor for the incidence of distant metastases.CONCLUSION:Anastomotic leakage represents an independent risk factor for a higher local recurrence rate after curative resection for rectal cancer.

INTRODUCTION:Parastomal hernia is a very common complication after stoma formation. Current surgical procedures for repairing parastomal hernia have unsatisfactory results. The aim of this study was to evaluate our initial experience with laparoscopic prophylactic mesh placement at the time of stoma formation.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Four patients underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal rectal cancer resection with prophylactic parastomal mesh placement. A specially designed mesh made of polyvinylidene fluoride with central funnel (Dynamesh IPST) was implanted using an intraperitoneal onlay technique. The surgical data, the frequency of mesh-related complications as well as the rate of parastomal henias were evaluated.RESULTS:The mean operating time for mesh placement was 15 min (10-25 min.). No mesh- related complications or infection was observed and no parastomal hernia could be detected clinically. To this date, the mean follow up time has been six months (4-8 months).CONCLUSION:Laparoscopic prophylactic parastomal mesh placement might be a safe and effective procedure with a potential to reduce the risk of parastomal hernia, at least in the short run. However, our experience is limited due to the small number of patients included in the study. Additional large trials with long term follow up are necessary.

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to asses our initial first experience with NOSE techniques in laparoscopic colorectal surgery with both transanal and transvaginal extraction. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this prospective study, the authors analyzed data from patients in whom NOSE laparoscopic sigmoid, rectosigmoid and rectal resections were performed in the Department of Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, from May 2011 to October 2011. A group of 7 patients was analyzed based on demographic characteristics (sex,age and BMI). Tumor localization, type of extraction (transanal/transvaginal), the number of removed lymph nodes, tumor size, histology and length of the specimen were also assessed. Furthermore, the following intraoperative data were evaluated: duration of the procedure, frequency of intraoperative complications and conversion rate. During the postoperative period, duration of hospitalization and morbidity rates were evaluated. RESULTS The patient group included 2 male (28.6%) and 5 female (71.4%) subjects, their median age was 70 years (61-80), BMI 26,76 (24.76-34.67). The pathology was located in the sigmoid colon in 4 cases (57.1%) and in the proximal rectum in 3 cases (42.9%). Transanal extraction was performed in 5 patients (71.4%) and transvaginal extraction in 2 patients (28.6%). The average number of harvested lymph nodes was 13 (10-15), the average lenght of specimen was 16 cm (13-20) and the average tumor size was 4 cm (2-6). Histologically, adenocarcinoma was confirmed in 6 cases (85.7%), and low grade adenoma in 1 case (14.3%). The median duration of surgery was 205 min (140-300) and no intraoperative complications were recorded. No surgical conversion was required. No postoperative complications occured and the median duration of of hospital stay was 7 days (5-11). CONCLUSION In the selected group of patients, NOSE technique proved to be a safe technique for laparoscopic colorectal procedures, reducing the risk of incisional complications while maintaining the principles of oncological radicality. Therefore, it may be considered a bridge towards NOTES (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery), surgery without scars.

PURPOSE:Laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer has been proven safe, but controversy continues over implementation of laparoscopic technique for rectal cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of laparoscopically assisted and open surgery for nonmetastatic colorectal cancer.MATERIAL AND METHODS:From January 2001 to December 2006 all patients with nonmetastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum were considered for inclusion in this prospective non-randomised trial. The primary endpoint was overall survival, disease free survival and recurrence rate. Analysis was by intention to treat.RESULTS:A total of 365 resections were performed for nonmetastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum during the study period. Of those resections, 220 were colonic and 145 were rectal. In the patients with colon cancer 119 (54.1%) were operated laparoscopically and 101 (45.9%) by open surgery, in the patients with rectal cancer 75 (51.7%) were treated by laparoscopy and 70 (48.3%) by open technique. No statistically significant difference was found between the laparoscopic and open group regarding 5-year overall survival (p = 0.17 for colon cancer, p = 0.60 for rectal cancer), 5-year disease free survival (p = 0.25 for colon cancer, p = 0.81 for rectal cancer) and overall recurrence (p = 0.78 for colon cancer, p = 0.79 for rectal cancer). With respect to the tumor stage, in rectal cancer the probability of 5-year disease free survival was significantly higher in the laparoscopic group in stage III (p = 0.03).CONCLUSION:Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer is an oncologically safe procedure that is associated with a survival and recurrence rate equal to open surgery.

AIMLaparoscopic total gastrectomy for cancer have been rarely adopted in Czech Republic. The aim of this study is to assess results of these procedures analyzing our series of patients.MATERIAL AND METHODSFrom May 2002 to June 2010 43 laparoscopic total gastrectomies with lymphadenectomy were performed for patients with gastric cancer. Clinical and tumor parameters, perioperative characteristics, short term and long term results were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTSMales were 27 (63%) and females were 16 (37%). Mean age was 65 years (range 48-80), mean BMI was 25.7 (range 18.7-37.0). 27 patients (63%) had an ASA score III and 16 patients (37%) had an ASA score II. The patologic stage (UICC) was 10 stage I (23%), 10 stage II (23%), 19 stage III (44%) and 4 stage IV (9%). The mean operation time was 292 minutes (range 180-400). Conversion was necessary in four cases (9%) and hand assisted technique was used in four cases (9%). The number of retrieved lymph node were 18 (range 4-32). Five laparoscopic total gastrectomies were estimated as palliative. Median time of hospitalization was 12 days (range 7-86). Overall morbidity was 37%, 5 patients (12%) were died related with postoperative complications. The 3-years overall survival was 50% and 5-years overall survival was 45%.CONCLUSIONLaparoscopic total gastrectomy is feasible and acceptable clinically and oncologically. Surgical skill and patient's selection are necessary.

AIM:Worldwide, the number of suitable cadaverous donors is limited. Therefore, as a solution for patients with chronic renal failure appears to extend the group of living donors of healthy individuals who voluntarily donate kidney to relatives or emotionally related recipients. Given the altruistic circumstances of these operations, the main monitored parameters are security for donors and excellent graft function for recipients. Currently published works show that minimally invasive technique can guarantee comparable results with open access in both monitored parameters. The aim of this study is to asses our results with laparoscopic assisted living donor nephrectomy for transplantation.PATIENTS AND METHODS:In retrospective study we analyzed data of patients in whom laparoscopic donor nephrectomy was performed on the Surgical Clinic, University Hospital Ostrava in the period from May 13, 2002 to June 30, 2010. Group of 34 donors were analyzed according to demographic characteristics (sex, age, ASA classification and BMI). From the perioperative data were monitored length of operation and warm ischemia, blood loss, frequency of intraoperative complications and conversion rate. In the postoperative period were evaluated in donors length of postoperative hospitalization, frequency of early and late reoperations, causes of morbidity and mortality, dynamics of the levels of creatinine and in the recipients was monitored 1-year survival of the graft.RESULTS:There were 14 men (41%) and 20 women (59%), median age was 48 years (25-77 years), BMI 26.9 (18.7-37.0), 53% of patients were ASA II, 44% ASA I, 1 patient (3%) ASA III. Median length of operation was 180 min (90-300 min), warm ischemia 120 s (58-240 s), blood loss 50 ml (30-1000 ml). There was no conversion. Intraoperative complications occured in 3 donors (8.8%). The length of hospital stay was 7 days (3-26 days), morbidity rate was 14.7%, without mortality. Early reoperations were in 2 patients (5.9%), late reoperations were performed in 4 patients (11.8%). In donors an average increase of creatinine value was 35.5 micromol/l the first postoperative day. One-year graft survival in our cohort was 94.1%.CONCLUSION:For patients with terminal renal insufficiency the living donor kidney transplantation offers possibility to shorten time in waiting list and to ensure a better graft function with its longer survival. Minimally invasive laparoscopic technique (we prefer transperitoneal approach), represents a safe alternative to open operation.

AIM:The aim of this study was to asses the role of laparoscopy based on experiences with 1000 miniinvasive colorectal procedures.MATERIAL AND METHODS:The prospective study of 1000 patients after elective laparoscopic procedures for colorectal diseases at Municipal Hospital Ostrava Fifejdy and the Surgical Clinic of University Hospital Ostrava between February 1993 and December 2010 was undertaken. Patients with both benign and malignant colorectal pathologies were included in the study. Except of baseline demographic data, the types of surgical procedure, conversion rates, peroperative complications, blood loss, operating time, number and reasons for reoperations, postoperative morbitidy and mortality, number of blood transfusions and length of hospital stay were analysed. For the analysis descriptive statistics methods were used.RESULTS:There were 609 men (60.9%) and 391 women (39.1%). The mean age was 64 years (range 15-97 years), mean BMI was 26.7 (range 14.6-48.0). The most frequent operations were on the right colon (22.2%), sigmoid colon (21.7%) and low anterior resections of the rectum (20.4%). Peroperative complications were in 44 patients (4.4%). Reoperations were necessary in 105 patients (10.5%), postoperative morbidity was 22.6% and 30-day mortality was 4.1%.CONCLUSION:Laparoscopy is safe and effective method in the treatment of both malignant and benign diseases of colon and rectum.

INTRODUCTION:Colonoscopy is an effective both diagnostic and therapeutic method. Despite its wide use, however, colonoscopy may be associated with complications occurrence, of which the most serious is bleeding and perforation. Iatrogenic perforation can lead to the peritonitis with high morbidity and mortality. The relative frequency of perforation in diagnostic colonoscopies is 0.03-0.8%, for therapeutic colonoscopy 0.15-3%. The most iatrogenic perforations are located on sigmoid colon.PATIENTS AND METHODS:The endoscopic unit of University Hospital Ostrava performed a total of 7800 colonoscopy in the period between 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2010. In 8 patients (0.1%) occurred perforation of the colorectum. In all patients, this complication arose during diagnostic colonoscopy and was treated by surgery. Six patients (75%) were operated on within 24 hours from the performance of colonoscopy, 2 patients (25%) were operated after more than 24 hours. In 5 patients (62.5%) the left colon including rectum was perforated, in 3 patients (37.5%) perforation occurred in right colon.RESULTS:Postoperative complications occurred in 7 patients, postoperative morbidity was 87.5%. In 1 patient (12.5%) surgical revision was necessary. 2 patients died within 30 days after surgery, mortality was 25%.CONCLUSION:Iatrogenic perforation of the colorectum is one of the most serious complications during colonoscopy. Early and optimal treatment is crucial for the subsequent reduction of serious complications and mortality.

OBJECTIVE:The hitherto published data did not provide clear answer to whether the adjustment of poor runoff through infrainguinal by-pass can improve long-term patency of iliac interventions in patients with multiple-stage arterial lesion. Our intent was to respond to this question.MATERIAL AND METHODS:In the period since 1st January 2003 until 31st May 2005 we evaluated two groups of revascularized patients with similar angiographic affection of the iliac and femoropopliteal arteries and statistically comparable input parameters. In the first group incorporating 38 procedures the vascular surgeon performed hybrid intervention (group 1)--one-step iliac intervention with infrainguinal ipsilateral bypass, in the second group incorporating 43 patients angioradiologist performed single percutaneous iliac intervention in catheterization laboratory (group 2).RESULTS:Observation median was 71 months (60-86). Three-year primary patency of iliac interventions was 83% in the hybrid group (group 1) and 72% in single angioplasty group (group 2). Five-year patency was 77% in group 1 and 69% in group 2. In secondary patency the three-year and five-year patency was 94% in group 1 and 83% in group 2. Statistically we did not prove that poor infrainguinal runoff is negative factor of primary patency of iliac intervention (K-M, log rank test, p = 0.58628), as well as secondary patency (p = 0.11474).CONCLUSION:From the long-term perspective it is not possible to consider poor runoff to be independent risk factor of patency of iliac intervention. Infrainguinal bypass within the hybrid procedures shall not improve the results of iliac intervention.

Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate the results of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in elderly patients and compare them with the results of open procedures.Methods: An analysis of a prospectively collected database of 705 patients who underwent in the period between January 2001 and December 2006 elective laparoscopic (LAC) or open (OC) colorectal surgery was performed. The primary end point was the morbidity rate, which was analysed in relation to the age (<= 75 years, > 75 years) and operative technique (laparoscopic, open).Results: During the study period, 360 elective laparoscopic and 345 elective open colorectal operations were performed. 140 patients (20%) were older than 75 years (geriatrics), 60 of whom underwent laparoscopic and 80 open surgery. Both groups of patients (laparoscopic vs. open) were comparable in basic parameters. Mean operative time for laparoscopic colorectal resections was not longer (LAC 141 +/- 46 min vs. OC 137 +/- 57 min, n.s.); even in cases of simple stoma formation it was significantly shorter (LAC 42 +/- 19 min vs. DC 78 +/- 32 min, p=0.004). In the group of younger patients (<= 75 years) the open approach was associated with a statistically significant increase of postoperative morbidity (LAC 26% vs. DC 34%, p = 0.039). In the group of geriatric patients (> 75 years) the open approach was associated with a significantly high incidence of postoperative morbidity (LAC 27% vs. DC 48%, p = 0.012) too. In the laparoscopically operated patients, the morbidity rate did not differ in both age groups (older than 75 years 27% vs. younger than 75 years 26%, n.s.). Conversely, open procedures in elderly patients were associated with a significant increase of postoperative complications (morbidity) compared to younger patients (older than 75 years 48% vs. younger than 75 years 34%, p = 0.033).Conclusion: On account of the lower incidence of post-operative complications, the laparoscopic approach should be indicated in colorectal surgery for geriatric patients.

AIM:The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of laparoscopically-assisted (LAC) and open (OC) colorectal surgery in elderly patients (a 75 years) and to compare them to a cohort of younger patients (<75 years) undergoing similar surgical procedures. METHODS:Patients who underwent elective laparoscopically-assisted or open colorectal surgery in the period between January 2001 and December 2009 were included in the analysis. The primary end point was the incidence of short-term postoperative morbidity and mortality, long-term overall and colorectal cancer specific survival which were analyzed in relation to the age and operative technique. RESULTS:During the study period, 557 elective laparoscopic and 404 elective open colorectal operations were performed. 190 patients (20 %) were older than 75 years, 99 of which underwent laparoscopic and 91 open surgery. In geriatric patients, the open approach was associated with increase of postoperative morbidity, statistically nonsignificant (LAC > or = 75 years 30% vs. OC < 75 years 40%, p = 0,151). In the laparoscopic procedures, the morbidity rate did not differ in both age groups (LAC > or = 75 years 30% vs. LAC < 75 years 28%, p = 0,702). Conversely open procedures in elderly patients were associated with a significant increase of postoperative complications compared to younger patients (OC > or = 75 years 40% vs. OC < 75 years 29%, p= 0,033). There was no difference in postoperative mortality rate between laparoscopic and open approach in geriatric patients (LAC > or = 75 years 5% vs. OC > or = 75 years 3%, p=0,548). Mortality rate did not differ in both age groups operated laparoscopically (LAC > or = 75 years 5% vs. LAC < 75 years 3%, p = 0,322) even by open approach (OC > or = 75 years 3% vs. OC <75 years 2%, p = 0,433). Although five year overall survival was significantly lower in the older age group (LAC > or = 75 years 43 +/- 8% vs. LAC < 75 years 58 +/- 4 %, p = 0,049; OC - 75 years 35 +/- 7% vs. OC < 75 years 56 +/- 4%, p = 0,006), five year colorectal cancer specific survival was not different between both age groups (LAC > or = 75 years 76 +/- 9% vs. LAC < 75 years 75 +/- 4%, p = 0,693; OC > or = 75 years 67 +/- 7% vs. OC < 75 years 69 +/- 4%, p = 0,824). In the elderly patients surgical technique did not influenced overall five year survival (LAC > or = 75 years 43 +/- 8% vs. OC > or = 75 years 35 +/- 7%, p = 0,428), even five year colorectal cancer specific survival (LAC . or = 75 years 76 +/- 9% vs. OC a 75 years 69 +/- 7%, p = 0,393). CONCLUSION:Laparoscopically-assisted colorectal surgery should be particularly considered in geriatric patients, for the reason of lower incidence of postoperative complications. Oncological safety of miniinvasive approach in the treatment of colorectal cancer is valid also for the specific group of elderly patients.