Results of the fourth annual inventory estimate that 89 percent, or 17.5 million acres, of Maine's land base (exclusive of water) is forested, making Maine the most forested state in the Nation.Over 75 percent of Maine's forest land is dominated by the maple/ beech/birch and spruce/fir forest-type groups.The volume of sawtimber on timberland has risen 75 percent since 1959 while average annual net growth (merchantable bole volume) of growing stock on timberland averaged 713 million cubic feet per year from 2013 to 2018.The density of carbon in Maine's forest land was estimated at 88 tons per acre with soil organic carbon and live trees accounting for 87 percent of total forest carbon stocks.This summary includes additional information on forest attributes, land-use change, timber products, ownership, and forest health, among other critical forest ecosystem services.A detailed interactive report is available at https://

This publication provides forest resource statistics contributing to the 2020 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment to provide current information on the Nation's forests. Resource tables present estimates of for est area, volume, mortality, growth, removals, and timber-product output in various ways within the context of changes since 1953. Additional analyses look at the resource from an ecological, health, and productivity perspective. Tables are available in .pdf and Excel format online at https://www.fia.fs.fed.us/ program-features/rpa/index.php. Users may also query Forest Inventory and Analysis data using the online EVALIDator tool, selecting the radio button labeled Use RPA definition of forestland on the second page of the query tool, available online at https://apps.fs.usda.gov/Evalidator/evalidator.jsp.

Forests cannot be managed sustainably without reliable data to inform decisions. National Forest Inventories (NFI) tend to report national statistics, with sub-national stratification based on domestic ecological classification systems. It is becoming increasingly important to be able to report statistics on ecosystems that span international borders, as global change and globalization expand stakeholders' spheres of concern. The state of a transnational ecosystem can only be properly assessed by examining the entire ecosystem. In global forest resource assessments, it may be useful to break national statistics down by ecosystem, especially for large countries. The Inventory and Monitoring Working Group (IMWG) of the North American Forest Commission (NAFC) has begun developing a harmonized North American Forest Database (NAFD) for managing forest inventory data, enabling consistent, continental-scale forest assessment supporting ecosystem-level reporting and relational queries. The first iteration of the database contains data describing 1.9 billion ha, including 677.5 million ha of forest. Data harmonization is made challenging by the existence of definitions and methodologies tailored to suit national circumstances, emerging from each country's professional forestry development. This paper reports the methods used to synchronize three national forest inventories, starting with a small suite of variables and attributes.

This report constitutes the third full report of annualized inventory on Ohio forest land and summarizes field data collected from 2011 through 2016. Ohio has 8.0 million acres of forest land containing 103 tree species and 50 forest types. Net cubic-foot and sawtimber volumes continued to increase, as did the area occupied by large diameter stands. Growing-stock volume remained stable overall, though it decreased 3 percent on private land since 2006. The net-growth-to-harvest-removals ratio dropped from 2.3:1 in 2011 to 1.6:1 in 2016. Invasive insects have had a substantial impact on Ohio's forests, particularly for ash species. Additional information on land-use change, fragmentation, ownership, forest composition, structure, age, carbon stocks, regeneration, invasive plants, insect pests, and the possible future of Ohio's forests is also presented. Sets of supplemental tables are available online at https://doi.org/10.2737/NRS-RB-118 and contain: 1) tables that summarize quality assurance and 2) a core set of tabular estimates for a variety of forest resources.

The U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program collects sample plot data on all forest ownerships across the United States. FIA's primary objective is to determine the extent, condition, volume, growth, and use of trees on the Nation's forest land through a comprehensive inventory and analysis of the Nation's forest resources. The FIA program strives for transparency by making the methods and results of the inventory and analysis available to the public. The standard for distributing FIA data is the FIADatabase (FIADB). FIADB data for individual states can be downloaded from the FIA DataMart at https://www.fia.fs.fed.us/tools-data/ as Microsoft Access© databases, which can be used to generate estimates of forest area, number of trees, volume, biomass, growth, removals, and mortality. This report complements the Northern Research Station's FIA 5-year state reports beginning with the 2014 inventory and includes detailed information on forest inventory methods, important resource statistics, quality of estimates, and key references.

This resource update provides an overview of forest resources in Minnesota based on an inventory conducted by the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program at the Northern Research Station in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Estimates are based on field data collected during measurement years 2011-2015 with comparisons made to field data collected in 2006-2010. The 2011-2015 sample data consist of 6,241 field measured plots on forest land, with 20 percent collected per year. Data used in this publication were accessed from the FIA database in March 2016 based on methods described in Bechtold and Patterson (2005) and O'Connell et al. (2014).

This resource update provides an overview of forest resources in Minnesota based on an inventory conducted by the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program within the Northern Research Station in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Estimates are based on field data collected during measurement years 2012-2016 with comparisons made to field data collected in 2007-2011. The 2012-2016 sample data consist of 6,176 field measured plots on forest land, with 20 percent collected per year. Data used in this publication were accessed from the FIA database in March 2017 based on methods described in Bechtold and Patterson (2005) and O'Connell et al. (2016).

This publication provides an overview of forest resources in Illinois based on an annual inventory conducted by the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program at the Northern Research Station. Estimates are based on field data collected using the FIA annualized sample design and are updated yearly. Information about the FIA program is available at http://fia.fs.fed.us. For the 2015 inventory, estimates for current variables such as area, volume, and biomass are based on 5,996 plot samples collected from 2010-2015. Change variables such as net growth, removals, and mortality are based on 5,922 plots collected in 2005-2010 and remeasured in 2010-2015. See Bechtold and Patterson (2005) and O'Connell et al. (2014) for definitions and technical details. This resource update is also available as an interactive Forest Inventory Factsheet.

This report summarizes the third cycle of annualized inventory of Pennsylvania with field data collected from 2009 through 2014. Pennsylvania has 16.9 million acres of forest land dominated by sawtimber stands of oak/hickory and maple/beech/birch forest-type groups. Volumes continue to increase as the forests age with an average of 2,244 cubic feet per acre on timberland. Sawtimber volume has risen 24 percent in 10 years to 115 billion board feet. Net growth outpaced removals by a ratio of 2.4:1 on timberland. Additional information on land-use change, fragmentation, ownership, forest composition, structure and age distribution, carbon stocks, regeneration, invasive plants, insect pests, and wood products is also presented. Sets of supplemental tables are available online at https://doi.org/10.2737/NRS-RB-111 and contain: 1) tables that summarize quality assurance and 2) a core set of tabular estimates for a variety of forest resources.On September 6, 2017, the text on page 85 and figure 62A on page 87 were updated.

The eighth inventory of Michigan's forests, completed in 2014, describes more than 20.3 million acres of forest land. The data in this report are based on visits to 4,289 forested plots from 2009 to 2014. Timberland accounts for 95 percent of this forest land, and 62 percent is privately owned. The sugar maple/beech/yellow birch forest type accounts for 19 percent of the State's forest land, followed by aspen (12 percent) and white oak/red oak/hickory (7 percent). Balsam fir, red maple, and sugar maple are the three most common species by number of trees. Growing-stock volume on timberland has continued to increase and now totals about 30.2 billion cubic feet (ft3). The associated net growth, harvest removals, and mortality totaled 674, 313, and 303 million ft3/year, respectively. In addition to information on forest attributes, this report includes data on forest health, land use change, family forest owners, timber-product outputs, and future forests. Detailed information on forest inventory methods, data quality estimates, and important resource statistics can be found online at https://doi.org/10.2737/NRS-RB-110.

This chapter reports projected changes in forest area, age, volume, biomass, number of trees, and removals from 2010 to 2060 for alternative scenarios that bracket a range of possible future socioeconomic and climate conditions in the Northern United States, which consists of 20 central and northeastern States. As described in Chapter 2, the scenarios incorporate different assumptions about population growth, economic development, land-use change, carbon emissions, and climate change. Changes in forest attributes over time for each scenario were estimated using the Forest Dynamics Model (Wear et al. 2013). The information presented in this chapter, more than any other, is directly derived from projections of changing forest conditions for each scenario as modeled by the Forest Dynamics Model.

This report summarizes the third full annualized inventory of Indiana forests conducted from 2009 to 2013 by the Forest Inventory and Analysis program of the Northern Research Station in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry. Indiana has nearly 4.9 million acres of forest land with an average of 454 trees per acre. Forest land is dominated by the white oak/red oak/hickory forest type, which occupies 72 percent of the total forest land area. Most stands are dominated by large trees. Seventy-eight percent of forest land consists of sawtimber, 15 percent contains poletimber, and 7 percent contains saplings/seedlings. Growing-stock volume on timberland has been rising since the 1980s and currently totals 9.1 billion cubic feet. Annual growth outpaced removals by a ratio of 3.3:1. Additional information on forest attributes, changing land use patterns, timber products, and forest health is included in this report. Detailed information on forest inventory methods and data quality, a glossary of terms, tabular estimates for a variety of forest characteristics, and additional resources are available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/NRS-RB-107.

Consumption of renewable energy in the United States is the highest in history, contributing to energy security, greenhouse gas reductions, and other social, economic, and environmental benefits. The largest single source of renewable energy is biomass, representing 3.9 quadrillion of 9.6 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu) in 2015 (EIA 2016). Biomass includes agricultural and forestry resources, municipal solid waste (MSW), and algae. For more than a decade, the US Department of Energy (DOE) has been quantifying the potential of US biomass resources, under biophysical and economic constraints, for production of renewable energy and bioproducts. The 2016 Billion-Ton Report: Advancing Domestic Resources for a Thriving Bioeconomy (BT16) evaluates the most recent estimates of potential biomass that could be available for new industrial uses in the future. BT16 consists of two volumes: Volume 1 (this volume) focuses on resource analysis—projecting biomass potentially available at specified prices. Volume 2 evaluates changes in environmental sustainability indicators—water quality and quantity, greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, soil organic carbon, and biodiversity—associated with select production scenarios in volume 1. The following is a summary of BT16, volume 1.

The third full annual inventory of Iowa's forests (2009-2013) indicates that just under 3 million acres of forest land exists in the State, 81 percent of which is in family forest ownership. Almost all of Iowa's forest land is timberland (96 percent), with an average volume of more than 1,000 cubic feet of growing stock per acre on timberland and more than 1,500 cubic feet of all live volume (for trees at least 5 inches diameter at breast height) per acre on timberland. American elm and eastern hophornbeam are the most numerous tree species, but bur oak and silver maple predominate in terms of live-tree volume. Iowa's forest land is composed of 70 percent sawtimber, 17 percent poletimber, and 13 percent sapling/seedling or nonstocked size classes. Average annual net growth of growing-stock trees on Iowa’s timberland decreased during the past decade to the current estimate of 71 million cubic feet. This report includes additional information on forest attributes, land-use change, carbon, timber products, wildlife habitat, forest health, and future projections. The following information is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/NRS-RB-102: 1) descriptive information on methods, statistics, and quality assurance of data collection, 2) a glossary of terms, 3) tables that summarize quality assurance, 4) a core set of tabular estimates for a variety of forest resources, and 5) a Microsoft® Access database that represents an archive of data used in this report, with tools that allow users to produce customized estimates.

Forests cover 42 percent of the Northern United States, and collectively they store 13 billion tons of carbon in live trees (29 percent), roots (6 percent), forest floor (9 percent), dead trees (6 percent), and soils (50 percent). About half the biomass of a live tree (dry weight basis) is sequestered carbon (Woodall et al. 2011) - not the largest but the most dynamic source of sequestered forest carbon over time. Through photosynthesis, live trees emit oxygen in exchange for the carbon dioxide that they pull from the atmosphere, storing the carbon in wood above ground and roots below ground as they grow. Dead trees and down logs are also reservoirs of stored carbon, which is released back into the atmosphere slowly through decomposition or rapidly through combustion (McKinley 2011, Woodall et al. 2011).

The third full cycle of annual inventories (2009-2013) of Missouri's forests, completed in 2013, reports that there are an estimated 15.5 million acres of forest land in the State. An estimated 60 percent of the forest land area is in sawtimber size stands, 30 percent are pole timber size, and 10 percent are seedling/sapling size or nontstocked. The net volume of live trees on forest land increased by 4 percent, from 20.1 million cubic feet in 2008, to 21.0 million cubic feet in 2013. Average annual net growth of live trees on forest land decreased by more than 25 percent, from an average of 36 cubic feet per acre in 2008, to an average of 26 cubic feet per acre in 2013. This report includes additional information on forest attributes, land-use change, carbon, and forest health. In addition to this document, Missouri Forests 2013: Statistics, Methods, and Quality Assurance is online at https://doi.org/10.2737/NRS-RB-108. It contains 1) descriptive information on methods, statistics, and quality assurance of data collection, 2) a glossary of terms, 3) tables that summarize quality assurance, 4) a core set of tabular estimates for a variety of forest resources, 5) a set of user and database guides for P2, P3, and P2+, and 6) a Microsoft Access database that represents an archive of data used in this report, with tools that allow users to produce customized estimates.

The first full remeasurement of the annual inventory of the forests of Vermont and New Hampshire was completed in 2012 and covers nearly 9.5 million acres of forest land, with an average volume of nearly 2,300 cubic feet per acre. The data in this report are based on visits to 1,100 plots located across Vermont and 1,091 plots located across New Hampshire. Forest land is dominated by the maple/beech/birch forest-type group, which occupies 60 percent of total forest land area. Of the forest land, 64 percent consists of large diameter trees, 27 percent contains medium diameter trees, and 9 percent contains small diameter trees. The volume of growing stock on timberland has continued to increase since the 1980s and currently totals nearly 19 billion cubic feet. The average annual net growth of growing stock on timberland from 2007 to 2012 is approximately 380 million cubic feet per year. Important species compositional changes include increases in the number of red maple trees and American beech saplings which coincide with decreases in the number of eastern white pine and sugar maple trees as well as eastern white pine and northern red oak saplings. Additional information is presented on forest attributes, land use change, carbon, timber products, species composition, regeneration, and forest health. Detailed information on forest inventory methods and data quality estimates is included on the DVD accompanying this report. Tables of population estimates and a glossary are also included.