ABSTRACTMicro-data from a 1984 survey of adult education in Canada are used in the study. The data for persons 65 years of age and over are analysed using probit techniques. Prior level of education is found to be of considerable importance in determining the probabilities that elderly people will make use of adult education facilities. It is argued that future elderly population cohorts will have higher average education levels than present ones and that their members will therefore be more likely to take courses. Projections of increases in course enrolment by persons 65 and over are made for the next quarter century, based on the results of the probit analysis and projections of the population.

La plupart des rechercheurs qui étudient la structure des régions metropolitaines canadiennes ont utilisé les données du recensement du Canada qui ont été groupées en secteurs de recensement. Dans cette recherche un type alternatif de données est utilisé, qui vient ?un sondage qui donne les renseignements sur les répondants individuels. Les comparaisons sont faites des caractéristiques des répondants qui demeurent au centre‐ville, les plus vieux faubourgs et les nouveaux faubourgs. Comme dans la recherche précédente, on trouve que le statut socio‐économique augmente avec la distance du zone central de la ville. Les effets sont moins forts que ceux que ľon trouve dans les différents stages de la vie et plus forts que ceux de ľethnie ou du lieu de naissance. Le niveau de revenu des répondants démontre un rapport plus marqué que ?autres mesures de statut socio‐économique, de profession et ?éducation. Tous les liens, pourtant, sont très modestes en comparaison avec ceux que ľon trouve en analysant les données des secteurs de recensement.Most researchers studying the structure of Canadian metropolitan areas have used data from the Census of Canada which has been grouped into Census tracts. In this research an alternative type of data is used from a large national survey which provides information on individual respondents. Comparisons are made of the characteristics of respondents living in the central city, the older suburbs and the new suburbs. As in earlier research, socioeconomic status is found to increase with distance from the city core. The pattern is less strong than that found for life cycle stage, and stronger than that for ethnicity or birthplace. The income level of the respondents shows a stronger relationship than the other measures of socioeconomic status, occupation and education. All the retionships, however, are found to be extremely modest, in contrast to those found in analysis of the census tract data.

Canada is shown, in a comparison with 23 other industrialized nations, to have distinctively low rates of school attendance from age seventeen onwards. Closely comparable data from a Canadian and an American national survey make a detailed comparison of the two nations possible. There has been a strong trend towards virtually universal completion of grade and high school in the U.S. Canada has followed this trend at the lower levels, but retains a low rate of secondary school completion. Rates of attending post-secondary and post-graduate training show little trend in either country. The "transition probability" analysis, in which each level of schooling is examined separately, is further pursued in an assessment of the effects of social background factors, called "ascription," upon progress through the system. Background factors are found to have generally weaker effects upon higher levels of education in Canada, as in the U.S. They are especially weak at the crucial point, the completion of high school, showing that social background is not a significant element in the creation of Canada's high rates of dropping out of high school. The overall effects of background seem higher in Canada, and especially so for females.

In order to examine the role of social psychological variables in the status transmission process, we collected data from 400 teenagers and their parents. The variables considered included the youth's self-concept of ability, the valuation of self-direction/conformity, the preferences of the parents, the father's occupational status, the occupational and educational aspirations, and the educational attainments of the teenager. The model develop suggests some necessary revisions to the basic "Wisconsin model" of status attainment in order to indicate the important roles played by both self-concept of ability and parental aspirations as intervening social psychological variables in this process.

A partirdu recensement de 1971, la classification des professions a subi des changements importants; donc, les sociologues devraient developper des méthodes nouvelles pour entreprendre l'analyse des résultats. Lesauteurs discutent et évaluent la nouvelle classification et la « Classification canadienne descriptive des professions », et proposent une réorganisation des groupes de base à fin de formuler une classification socio‐économique des professions plus utile que les grands groupes et sousgroupes du recensement.Radical changes in the occupation coding system for the 1971 Census of Canada mean that new strategies must be developed by sociologists to analyse census results. The structure of the new code, and of the Canadian Classification and Dictionary of Occupations, are discussed and evaluated. An alternative arrangement of the Unit Groups is proposed and demonstrated to be a more valuable socioeconomic classification of occupations than the Major and Minor Groups of the census.

L'article établi l'existence d'une échelle des groupes ethniques et raciales, selon leur position sociale, au Canada anglophone et francophone. Les données de l'étude étaient recueillies pendant une étude sur le prestige professionnel, utilisant une forme de question identique pour obtenir l'échelle ethnique et l'échelle professionnelle. On peut, donc, examiner si les évaluations des groupes ethniques et raciales démontrent moins de consensus que les évaluations des professions.This paper establishes the existence of a ranking of ethnic and racial groups, according to social standing, within English and French Canada. Since the data used in the study were collected as part of a national study of occupational prestige, and used an identical question format, it is possible to test whether the degree of consensus in this ranking is as great as that for the ranking of occupations.

Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologieVolume 14, Issue 2 p. 235-246 THE ACCURACY OF SELF-ASSESSMENTS OF SOCIAL STATUS* JOHN C. GOYDER, JOHN C. GOYDER University of WaterlooSearch for more papers by this authorPETER C. PINEO, PETER C. PINEO McMaster UniversitySearch for more papers by this author JOHN C. GOYDER, JOHN C. GOYDER University of WaterlooSearch for more papers by this authorPETER C. PINEO, PETER C. PINEO McMaster UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: May 1977 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618X.1977.tb00344.x *Our thanks to Hyman Burshtyn and James Curtis for helpful comments on this paper. 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V N ALMOST ALL occasions whenever respondents in a social survey or census are asked their occupations they are also asked the industry for which they work. Occupation has become a key variable in sociology. Occupational status is used as a variable to predict the behaviour and attitudes of individuals and the occupational composition of a society is understood to be fundamental in comparing it to others. In contrast, relatively little use has been made of the very plentiful data concerning industrial location.’ Possibly the use of the data has been inhibited by an over-preoccupation with the idea of &dquo;situs&dquo; as originally elaborated by Benoit-Smullyan (1944) and further developed by Hatt (1950: 539). The notion of &dquo;situs&dquo;, as opposed to &dquo;status&dquo;, leads to the expectation that a classification scheme of industries should be non-invidious. That is, it should classify industries on a horizontal rather than a vertical axis of differentiation.

k3tudies of social mobility in Canada would seem familiar and easily comprehensible to American readers; the basic methodologies and approaches are the same. What differs is the response to distinctive elements and problems within Canadian society and the exploitation of unique research opportunities that Canada presents. For example, studies of the elite are more feasible in a smaller nation since their number is small and manageable, and so swift progress in this area has been made in Canada. Beyond these kinds of differences, a high priority has also been given to the study of social mobility and social stratification. It is in the latter area that one of the first high quality books of readings on a specialized topic was produced (see Curtis and Scott, 1973). One of the best of the upper year textbooks in Canada deals with social mobility (Tepperman, 1975b). The reason for this emphasis is not that social stratification or restrictions in mobility are felt to be a greater social problem in Canada; rather it is because a significant minority of Canadian sociologists have had rather than American training and in Britain a high priority has always been given to studies of mobility and stratification. This British tradition is clearly evident in the work of John Porter, whose 1965 book The Vertical Mosaic quickly became and still remains the dominant work in Canadian sociology.

Les études antérieures des différences entre anglophones et francophones au Canada quant à la mobilité indiquent que quoiqu'elles existent toujours, celles-ci tendent à s'amenuiser. La présente étude compare les francophones du Québec aux anglophones de l'ensemble du Canada, à la fois dans leur ensemble et par cohortes. Deux méthodes sont utilisées, soit l'analyse log-linéaire et la régression. Les deux méthodes révèlent que quoique les différences entre les deux groupes subsistent, elles sont beaucoup plus faibles chez les cohortes les plus récentes. Ceci suggère que le modèle traditionnel de stratification linguistique au Canada est peut-être en train de disparaître.

Self-evaluated class status is shown to vary among white Protestants, Catholics, Jews, and black Protestants. Holding economic status constant, Jews are most likely to select the middle- (or upper-) class label, followed by white Protestants, white Catholics, and black Protestants. Thus, the independent effect of minority status on self-evaluated class status reinforces the ranking directly attributable to the economic levels of each of the four groups.Also, the congruence between self-identified class and objective economic status is closer among Jews and white Protestants than among white Catholics or black Protestants. The hypothesis that affiliation with a minority necessarily reduces class consciousness was, therefore, not supported.

L'article fournit les premiers résultats d'une tentative faite pour répéter au Canada une étude américaine sur le prestige professionnel. On y discute d'abord de la méthodologie utilisée et des moyens disponibles pour la poursuite d'enquêtes sociales au Canada. On y présente ensuite les valeurs attributes, quant au prestige ciiacun à 204 emplois dans l'ensemble de l'echantillon eanadien et, séparément, les résultats à partir des interviews obtenues en anglais et en français. On obtient un coefficient de corrélation très élevé entre les résuitats de cette recherche et, d'une part, l'étude récente faite aux U.S.A., puis, d'autre part, des recherches antérieures au pays. Les Canadiens attribuent un prestige plus élevé que les Américains à la plupart des emplois. Les évaluations des francophones diffèrent quelque peu cependant, ceci étant sans doute dú en partie à la traduction des vocables professionnels. Les fiancophones contribuent moins que les anglophones, par ailleurs, aux évaluations extrêmes. Les données recueillies permettent de se demander si le recensement canadien fait une classification des emplois qui soit adéquate pour être utilisée comme indice de statut socio‐économique. II appert qu'une classification des occupations qui proviendrait de recherches sociologiques serait plus adequate dans ce but.

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