为更好地了解葡萄胚与果实发育之间的关系.本研究以大粒六月紫、早玛瑙等6个早、中、晚熟葡萄品种为试材,通过观察果实干鲜重、果型指数以及胚畸形率等性状对果实与胚发育动态进行了分析.结果表明,葡萄果实鲜重、干重变化总体呈“快-慢-快”的“双S”型曲线.浆果先纵向生长,后横向生长,果型指数先升高后逐渐降低.胚珠畸形率早熟品种大粒六月紫最高达88.6％;中熟品种最高达50.9％;晚熟品种最高仅12.5％.胚发育变化时间上早于果实发育变化,葡萄胚(种子)败育变化分为不完全败育和完全败育两种.

The firmness of table grapes is one of the main factors that determine the eating quality of grapes , which is subjected to the increasing attention of the fruit producers and breeders .Many studies have been carried out on berry firmness .For a better understanding of the grape firmness , this paper summarized the fruit firmness variation and in-fluencing factors to promote the further study of grape fruit firmness .Firstly, the fruit firmness and measuring method were introduced .Secondly , we expounded the changes of fruit firmness in different growth periods .Various influen-cing factors were summarized in the end .Internal factors included fruit cell structure and special ions , and exogenous hormones and external conditions belonged to external factors .

土壤盐渍化使得植物根区积累过多的可溶性盐，影响了植物水分吸收，甚至能够引发盐中毒，从而降低植物活力，延缓植物生长。采用适当的措施进行盐碱改良是十分必要的。本文从生物措施、物理措施、化学措施等方面对盐碱土改良研究情况进行了综述，并展望了今后进一步的研究问题。

Improving saline-land soil with smaize straw interlayer to improving the coastal saline-land soil.The preliminary result showed that the effect improving saline-land soil with smaize straw interlayer was obvious. Interlayer could impede movement of soil moisture which salt melts in and reduce accumulation of salt in the surface soil. Interlayer could mitigating the season-year change of soil salt in different depth and removed the salinity of plant roots. Grape survival rate and new leaf number of treatment groups are higher than that of control groups.

经过多年对葡萄避雨栽培的探索与实践，安徽省芜湖传云绿色果品种植专业合作社与南京农业大学共同研发了“飞鸟型”葡萄避雨棚。为加强葡萄设施栽培模式与技术的交流，本文全面介绍了“飞鸟型”葡萄避雨棚的结构与特点，以期为南方避雨葡萄棚的推广提供参考。