Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are becoming increasingly promising as environmentally friendly solvents, and accurate prediction of their density and viscosity is crucial for their successful industrial application. However, existing density and viscosity prediction models primarily rely on temperature variations and often overlook changes in the molar ratio of hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) to hydrogen bond donors (HBD) in DESs, limiting their practicality. Therefore, in this study, several binary and ternary DESs were synthesized using choline chloride (ChCl) as the hydrogen bond donor. The densities and viscosities of these DESs were measured, and prediction models for the density and viscosity of DESs based on temperature and molar ratio were developed. These models were used to forecast the density and viscosity of DESs at different temperatures and molar ratios. The model parameters are calibrated using experimental data from this research. Finally, the model is utilized to predict the density and viscosity of DESs mentioned in this paper, as well as DESs with varying HBAs and HBDs. The results demonstrate that the discrepancy between the literature value, experimental value, and calculated value is less than 6%, confirming the universal applicability and reliability of the prediction model proposed in this study.

混合二元酸(DBA)中戊二酸(GA)、丁二酸(SA)、己二酸(ADA)均具有较高的市场价格和应用价值,对DBA进行分离提纯可获得高额附加值.介绍了DBA的分离方法,系统对比了DBA结晶分离GA、SA技术中,水、混合芳烃、正丁醇等溶剂体系的特点及该体系下操作控制参数、结晶方式等技术研究进展,提出了技术改进方向,为DBA的资源化、高附加值利用提供了参考.

填料塔作为化工单元操作过程中重要的汽液传质设备,因具有传质效率高、整塔压降低、能耗低等优点,已经成为精馏操作中的关键设备.液体分布器是填料塔中重要的塔内件,其结构形式直接关系到液相物料在塔内的分布情况,从而影响填料塔的分离效果.本文系统介绍了液体分布器的发展现状,从自然流分布、径向分布系数等方面详细总结了分布质量对填料塔分离效率的影响;深入分析了国内外关于各种结构类型的液体分布器的理论研究以及设计优化过程;并总结了不同液体分布器分布质量评价方法的适用场景.文章最后对液体分布器的发展进行了展望,为液体分布器的设计与优化提供了思路.

在使用化学吸附仪进行催化剂表征时,由于管路死体积的存在,导致图谱出现温度滞后和轴向扩散现象.本实验以氨气程序升温脱附实验(即N H3-T PD)为例,采用折半查找法和流量控制,从技术角度提高温度准确性,使温度绝对误差减小到±10℃以内,并优化图谱结果.

分别开展了92#汽油、E15乙醇汽油、M15甲醇汽油台架试验、污染物排放试验,对比了相同添加比例的2种醇类汽油与92#汽油的车辆应用性能.结果 表明,E15乙醇汽油与M15甲醇汽油的速度特性、负荷特性差别不明显.在2 500～3 500 r/min时,E15乙醇汽油与M15甲醇汽油的功率、转矩与92#汽油相当;在4 000～5 000 r/min时,相比于92#汽油,E15乙醇汽油与M15甲醇汽油的功率、转矩均出现明显下降;油耗方面,在2 500 r/min时,相比于92#汽油,E15乙醇汽油和M15甲醇汽油的平均燃油消耗率分别升高了3.5％左右和3.1％左右;大多数工况下,2种醇类汽油对CO、HC排放均有较大改善,E15乙醇汽油对CO的怠速排放改善明显,M15甲醇汽油对HC的怠速排放改善明显.

以硫酸铝、水玻璃为主要原料,无有机模板剂条件下采用两步水热晶化法合成ZSM-5分子筛.系统研究钠硅比、水硅比和晶化时间等因素对ZSM-5分子筛结晶度和晶粒尺寸的影响.采用XRD和SEM对制备的ZSM-5分子筛进行结构表征,并考察ZSM-5分子筛在环己烯水合反应中的催化性能.结果表明,在一定钠硅物质的量比和水硅物质的量比范围,ZSM-5分子筛结晶度随钠硅物质的量比的增加与水硅物质的量比的减小而升高.无有机模板剂条件下制备ZSM-5分子筛,不仅降低生产成本,减少对环境的危害,而且在环己烯水合反应中表现出较好的催化活性,随着ZSM-5分子筛晶体尺寸减小,环己烯转化率提高.

Honeycomb shaped monolithic Fe-β zeolite catalyst for N2O decomposition prepared by direct extrusion method was investigated. In this paper, we optimized the parameters of the molding process and studied the decomposition properties of the honeycomb catalysts. Monolithic materials could be extruded successfully only with the plasticity ranging from 0.177 to 0.473. The content of SB powder, nitrate and water was shown to have a significant influence on the mechanical strength of the extruded materials. The monolithic samples were characterized by using XRD. Catalytic performances of various monolithic zeolites with diverse density (49 cells/in.2, 81cells/in.2, 169 cells/in.2) were thereafter studied. As shown from the result, catalyst activity increased significantly with the increase of monolithic catalyst density.

The metal compound is a kind of pseudocapacitor electrode material which has ideal capacitance properties.However,due to it’s disadvantages such as poor conductivity and easy agglomeration,the capacitance properties are decreased.In this paper,based on summarizing recent research findings, the applications of metal compounds and the methods to improve capacitance properties of metal compounds was discussed.The results show that conductivity can be effectively improved and agglomeration can be prevented by many methods such as the composite of metal compounds and various materials, electrodeposition, the directional synthesis of the compound’s structure and so on.With the disadvantages of metal compounds being conquered,metal compounds’application will be continual.The metal compound materials in supercapacitors have inj ected new vitality for the new energy storage devices.

采用P矩阵化学计量法,分析和处理了由气相色谱测定的粗苯多组分含量的数据.首先对色谱条件进行了讨论,确定最佳实验条件为:INNOWAX毛细管柱、正己烷作溶剂,起始温度40℃,保持3 min,以7℃/min的速率升至100℃,再以30℃/min的速率升至250℃,保持3 min.其次分别采用P矩阵法与最小二乘法,对苯系物中的苯、甲苯、二甲苯等5种组分进行了数据处理和对比,结果表明,两种不同计量方法对未知样品的计算结果一致,平均相对误差为1.062％.

焦炉煤气甲烷化制备天然气是一种清洁高效的焦炉煤气利用方式。根据焦炉煤气组成，选择BWRS物性方法及LHHW本征动力学方程，利用Aspen Plus软件模拟3段式固定床甲烷化反应器，结果与试验数据相近。利用夹点技术进行热集成分析，消减了热负荷的消耗，优化余热回收过程，余热利用率从45.85%提高到88.42%。

ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst is synthesized by pre-crystallization method,which is characterized by XRD,SEM,N2-adsorption and NH3-TPR methods.The results show that ZSM-5 zeolite has a typical MFI structure with average particles size less than 300 nm.It is distributed as spherical type and has appropriate surface properties and acidity.When the obtained ZSM-5 zeolite is used as catalyst for hydration reaction of cyclohexene,the conversion rate,selectivity and yield are 12.65%,97.84% and 12.38%,respectively,under the following conditions:130℃ of reaction temperature,6 MPa of pressure,2∶5(volume ratio) of cyclohexene to water,12 wt% of the amount of catalyst,300 r/min of the stirring speed and 4 h of reaction time.

Cyclohexyl acetate was synthesized by cyclohexene and acetic acid as starting materials with polystyrene sulfonate cation exchange resin as catalyst.Effects of reaction temperature,reaction time,dosage of catalyst and molar ratio of acetic acid to cyclohexene on the reaction yield were investigated.Results showed that the optimum conditions were identified as follows:amount of cyclohexene 0.1 mol,molar ratio of acetic acid to cyclohexene 4∶ 1,dosage of catalyst 0.96 g,reaction temperature 90 ℃,reaction time 5 h.Under these conditions,the yield of cyclohexyl acetate reaches 83.2%.The catalyst can be used for 5 times without significant yield declining.

Platinum group metals as catalysts are widely used in industrial production.Because of the resource scarcity and high price of platinum group metals,development of platinum group metals from the waste catalyst is the current hotspot.Three spent catalyst recycling process,including pretreatment,crude and refined,the advantages and disadvantages of various methods were evaluated.