The electric polarization induced in ferroelectric terbium molybdate by a magnetic field linearly varying with time is measured. The measurements are performed in fields up to 19 T at different specified rates of change in the magnetic field at temperatures of 273 and 219 K. The results obtained indicate that there are magnetoelectric effects of two types. One of them is a conventional magnetoelectric effect, which is appropriately referred to as the static magnetoelectric effect. The other effect is characterized by the fact that the electric polarization increases with an increase in the rate of change in the magnetic field and relaxes with time to zero at a fixed nonzero field. This phenomenon is termed the dynamic magnetoelectric effect.

In the electrical Hall effect, a magnetic field, applied perpendicular to an electrical current, induces through the Lorentz force a voltage perpendicular to the field and the current. It is generally assumed that an analogous effect cannot exist in the phonon thermal conductivity, as there is no charge transport associated with phonon propagation. In this Letter, we argue that such a magnetotransverse thermal effect should exist and experimentally demonstrate this "phonon Hall effect" in Tb3Ga5O12.

The absorption spectra were measured in β′-Tb2(MoO4)3 in the non-polarized light in the magnetic field H⩽20T along the [001] and [110] axes at T=4.2 and 1.7K. The wave vector of the light was parallel to the magnetic field. The experimental field dependences of the wave numbers of the absorption peaks νi(H) were obtained. The analysis of those dependences shows that the excited multiplet 5D4 of Tb3+-ion in the crystal field of β′-Tb2(MoO4)3 can be considered as consisting from five singlets and two quasi-doublets. The field dependences of the energy levels Ei(H) of the 5D4 multiplet were obtained from the experimental data in the magnetic field along the [001] axis. The experimental dependences Ei(H) can be described well by the theory of the magnetism of singlets.

Resistive transitions of an epitaxial Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta thin film were measured in various magnetic fields (H parallel to c), ranging from 0 to 22.0 T. Rounded curvatures of low resistivity tas are observed in Arrhenius plot, and considered to relate to deviations from plastic barriers. In order to characterize these deviations, an empirical barrier form is developed, which is found to be in good agreement with experimental data and coincide with the plastic barrier form in a limited magnetic field range. Using the plastic barrier predictions and the empirical barrier form, we successfully explain the observed deviations.

Direct evidence for superconductivity in the new magnetic compound PrAg6In6 is revealed for the first time. The distinct Andreev-reflection current is observed in metallic point contacts (PC) based on this compound. The data obtained provide reason enough to suggest that the rise of superconductivity depends strongly on the local magnetic order varying over the sample volume. The triangular-shaped PC spectra (dV/dI(V)) in the vicinity of the zero-bias voltage suggest an unconventional type of superconducting pairing. As follows from the temperature and magnetic field dependences of the PC spectra, the superconducting energy gap structure transforms into the pseudogap one as the temperature or the magnetic field increases.

In the two-dimensional (2D) organic metal κ-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 the low integer Landau level filling factors ν=1–4 are observed under specific experimental conditions. In high magnetic fields even the presence of the fractional ν=1/2 is strongly indicated in this multilayer material. These ν are detected by the chemical potential μ, i.e. a thermodynamic quantity, which could be probed under complex fermiological conditions.

In this Letter we prove the existence of a new general diffusive transport phenomenon in crossed electric and magnetic fields: magnetoelectric anisotropy. For the specific case of diffusive electrical transport, we present a relativistic model to quantify this effect and present experimental evidence for its existence.

We study experimentally the current-driven magnon generation (CDMG) by a flux of spin polarized conduction electrons in magnetic multilayers. The usual prerequisite for CDMG in magnetic nanostructures is a sufficiently high spin polarization of the flux. Here we report observation of CDMG in $\mathrm{Co}∕\mathrm{Cu}$ multilayers by an electron flux with negligible spin polarization. The latter is mediated by antiferromagnetic alignment of adjacent $\mathrm{Co}$ layer magnetizations in our multilayers in zero applied magnetic field. We propose that in this case CDMG is produced by the Cherenkov radiation of magnons. By applying magnetic field perpendicular to the layers of our multilayer we could vary the direction of magnetization in the excited ferromagnet with respect to the magnon wave vector in the plane of the layers. The latter offers novel possibilities for calibration of microcontact spectrometer of magnetic excitations in situ. The Cherenkov radiation of magnons can be used for studying Fermi surface topology.

Electrodynamics as a scientific discipline is based primarily on the concept of electric charges as a specific physical quantities and interaction between them. The existence of electric charges is an experimentally established fact. They can be produced, for example, by rubbing a sample of amber. The observed phenomena of attraction, repulsion, heat generation are explained as a result of charges which have been produced [1]. An electric charge can be either positive, or negative. It can be measured and has its own dimension. In the MKS system of units which is used in this book the unit of an electric charge is coulomb. The charge of an electron is, as it is well known, negative, and its absolute value e is 1.60 × 10−19 coulomb.

The lateral photovoltage (LP) generated in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) by a focussed laser spot has been shown to yield the potential distribution of a current carrying Hall-bar. The width of this distribution, which exhibits an abrupt change at even integer filling factors, is determined by the equilibration between the bulk and the edge states of the 2DEG. The effects of an anisotropic surface morphology and sample dimensions are reported.

Our objective was primarily to consider in a separate treatise from the general point of view a theory of as many electrodynamic phenomena in a magnetic field as possible. The choice of material was d

The detection of the fractional Landau level filling factor ν = 1/2 and low integer filling factors in the two-dimensional multilayer organic metal κ-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 is presented, which shows the occur- rence of electron localisation and electron-electron correlation in this bulk metallic two-dimensional system. These effects are found in the normal conducting state of the organic superconductor κ-(BEDT -TTF)2I3. In addition, quantum oscillation measurements ar e found to be a very promising tool for direct detection of the chemical potential and its variation with magnetic field, even under rather complex fer- miological conditions.

We present an analytical theory for the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) oscillations in layered organic conductors such as kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2) which takes into account the magnetic breakdown and the chemical potential oscillations. For this purpose we have generalized our theory for the chemical potential oscillations in layered conductors [V.M. Gvozdikov, A.G.M. Jansen, D.I. Pesin, I.D. Vagner, and P. Wyder, Phys. Rev. B 68, 155107 (2003)] to the case of an arbitrary electron dispersion within the layers. Such an approach gives a better agreement with an experimental data for kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2) salt than that taking account of the magnetic breakdown (MB) only [V.M. Gvozdikov, Yu.V. Pershin, E. Steep, A.G.M. Jansen, and P. Wyder, Phys. Rev. B 65, 165102 (2002)]. The magnetization oscillation patterns and the peaks in the fast Fourier transforms (FFT's) are studied in different combinations of the stochastic and coherent MB regimes with and without the chemical potential oscillations. It is shown that that the chemical potential oscillations in the coherent and stochastic MB regimes do not affect the alpha and beta peaks, but change the amplitudes of the higher harmonics and satellites around the beta peak. In the FFT spectrum of kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2) two satellites are resolved: beta-alpha (the so called "forbidden" peak) and beta+alpha. In the stochastic MB regime all satellites are depressed. In the coherent MB regime with fixed chemical potential they are higher and have equal amplitudes. Only in the coherent MB regime with oscillating chemical potential the "forbidden" peak beta-alpha becomes larger than the satellite beta+alpha and the calculated FFT spectrum conforms with the FFT spectrum of the dHvA signal of kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2).

We study experimentally the current-driven magnon generation (CDMG) by a flux of spin polarized conduction electrons in magnetic multilayers. The usual prerequisite for CDMG in magnetic nanostructures is a sufficiently high spin polarization of the flux. Here we report observation of CDMG in Co/Cu multilayers by an electron flux with negligible spin polarization. The latter is mediated by antiferromagnetic alignment of adjacent Co layer magnetizations in our multilayers in zero applied magnetic field. We propose that in this case CDMG is produced by the Cherenkov radiation of magnons. By applying magnetic field perpendicular to the layers of our multilayer we could vary the direction of magnetization in the excited ferromagnet with respect to the magnon wave vector in the plane of the layers. The latter offers novel possibilities for calibration of microcontact spectrometer of magnetic excitations in situ. The Cherenkov radiation of magnons can be used for studying Fermi surface topology.