second exposure, a single booster dose may be sufficiently effective regardless of the prior vaccination, because the anamnestic response is dramatic. 3). Durable immunity may be obtained with only a booster dose every five years, whatever the prior vaccination schedule. Since these HDCV schedules have been introduced in Burgundy (Eastern France), no case of human rabies has been observed and, furthermore, the very expensive human rabies immune globulins are used only exceptionally. Thus, the subcutaneous HDCV, with a simple and reliable subcutaneous route, is without adverse effect, and because the long-term immunity is very strong, it is possible to reduce the number of booster vaccinations and, futhermore, the cost of this vaccination.

We have investigated the doping mechanism of pentacene with iodine and its impact on the structure and on the electronic properties of single crystals, powders, and thin films in a large range of iodine concentration up to six iodine per pentacene (PEN) molecule (I/PEN = 6). Three regimes of doping have been identified. In the low doping regime I/PEN < 0.05, the pristine pentacene structure of single crystals is maintained. Electron spin resonance (ESR) evidences a Pauli susceptibility, that is, the characteristic fingerprint of delocalized holes in the valence band of pentacene. In the intermediate doping regime (0.1 < I/PEN less than or equal to 2.0), iodine diffuses between the (a,b) planes of the pentacene structure and forms an intercalate. Charge transfer between iodine and pentacene is witnessed by both UV-vis and IR signatures of PEN+ cations and related species, for example, cation dimers (PEN+)(2) and typical Raman signatures of the I-3(-) and I-5(-) species. Spin pairing of pentacene cation radicals is further supported by the observation of a thermally activated behavior of the ESR spin susceptibility. In the heavy doping regime (2 < I/PEN less than or equal to 6), all traces of structural order vanish, indicating that iodine penetrates within the (a,b) planes of the intercalate in a disordered manner, forming an amorphous-like material. This high degree of disorder results in increased charge localization. Most spin/charge species are ESR-silent and only a limited fraction (a few percents) exhibits a Curie-like susceptibility. Because of disorder, the macroscopic conductivity of doped pentacene single crystals does not exceed a few S/cm at 300 K.

Subsequent to rabies vaccination campaigns, two well-established methods for the determination of the proportion of vaccinated foxes--the detection of tetracycline (TC) in bones and the detection of virus neutralizing antibodies (VNA) in thoracic fluids--were used and compared. Special emphasis was given to the effect of a new method of bait distribution at the den, which is primarily targeted at young foxes. The overall proportion of vaccinated animals estimated by TC was 60% as compared to 50% by VNA. In young foxes overall, significantly lower proportions of vaccinated animals (58% by TC and 40% by VNA) than in adult foxes (75 and 59%) were estimated with both methods. Low proportions of vaccinated young animals were found after spring (39 and 18%), but also after autumn vaccination (56 and 35%). In contrast, after den vaccination the level of vaccination of young foxes reached that of adult foxes. The theoretical implication of the successful elimination of fox rabies in Switzerland in spite of a relatively low overall proportion of VNA-positive animals is discussed.

A novel hole-transport material, 1,3-diphenyl-5-(9-phenanthryl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole (DPPhP), was synthesized and fully characterized. The crystal structure of DPPhP was determined by X-ray diffraction analyses. DSC and AFM analysis demonstrate that DPPhP has a high Tg of 96 °C and good film forming ability. The hole-transport performance of DPPhP was examined by fabricating a multilayer device with structure of ITO/DPPhP (60 nm)/AlQ (60 nm)/LiF (0.8 nm)/Al, using DPPhP as the hole-transport layer along with an emitting-material, tris-(8-hydroxyquinolino)aluminium (AlQ). Both the brightness and efficiency of the device are about 30% higher than those of the device using N,N′-di-1-naphthenyl-N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (α-NPD) as the hole-transport layer.

An excellent hole-transport material, 1, 3-diphenyil-5-(9-phenanthryl)-2-pyrazoline (DPPhP) for OLEDs was studied. This compound not only offers high glass transition temperature (Tg = 96 °C), good film forming ability, and high HOMO energy level, but also displays excellent hole-transport property. The electroluminescent device with a simple structure of ITO/DPPhP (60 nm)/AlQ (60 nm)/LiF (0.8 nm)/Al shows an external quantum efficiency as high as 1.6%.

Deux observations privilégiées d'hygromas brucelliens avec présence de Brucella in situ sont décrites. Une synthèse locale d'anticorps spécifiques a été objectivée dans un cas. Ces manifestations de brucellose chronique sont les témoins de la persistance intracellulaire des Brucella dans les bourses séreuses périarticulaires, même après une antibiothérapie bien conduite. Cette persistance peut contribuer à maintenir un état d'hyperergie.

Les conditions climatiques de 1981 ont été à l'origine d'une recrudescence de la fasciolose en Bourgogne. A partir de 43 observations, les éléments du diagnostic sont exposés, en insistant sur les signes d'appel cliniques et en actualisant les critères paracliniques. Les aspects thérapeutiques et notamment les médicaments d'avenir (Praziquantel), les critères de surveillance ultérieure, la prophylaxie terminent cette mise au point. In 1981 weather conditions were the reason for an increase in Fasciola hepatica disease frequency in Burgundy. Diagnosis criteria, based on 43 cases are listed. Emphasis is put on the first clinical signs. Complementary investigations are up to dated. We conclude by a review of therapeutical indications, underlining promising medications (Praziquantel), follow up criteria and prophylaxis.

Electronic absorption spectra in the wavelength range 200–800 nm are reported for the series of complexes RuL 3 2+ and RuL 2 L′ 2+ with L and L′ being various bipyridyl-type ligands, and for the series of reduction products of these complexes corresponding to species with +1, 0 and −1 overall charges. These species were studied as non-aqueous solutions in a cell fitted with an optically transparent thin layer electrode (OTTLE) at which controlled step-wise reductions were observed. The accompanying spectral changes have been interpreted in terms of a localized electron model where appropriate, involving the identification of free radical anionic forms of the coordinated ligands.

Les auteurs rapportent un cas de septicémie à Yersinia enterocolitica originale par:-le terrain non débilité (en dehors d'une cardiopathie)-l'évolution à rechutes, sur 11 mois, malgré l'absence de foyer microbien,-la résistance aux thérapeutiques antibiotiques classiques.-les communautés antigéniques avec les brucelles et les salmonelles.

In a study carried on 25 years and about 50 000 births, the authors analyse 1 238 malformed children, with two purposes: 1. to determine a maternal population with high risk of malformations, in order to have a better survey and to look for many anomalies before the birth: 2. to make a "portrait" of the malformed child in order to suspect the existence of congenital anomalies during the obligatory examination in neo-natal time.

Dans une étude portant sur 25 ans et près de 50 000 naissances, les auteurs ont recherché s'il existait une corrélation entre la survenue d'une grippe au début de grossesse et l'existence de malformations congénitales. Il apparaît comme certain que ces deux facteurs n'évoluent pas de façon indépendante bien qu'ils s'excluent mutuellement. Le virus grippal serait responsable d'une augmentation des malformations létales expliquant la chute des naissances d'enfants malformés conçus en période épidémique. Son action serait d'autant plus importante qu'elle se situe sur un terrain maternel fragilisé.

The registry of digestive tract cancers set up for the department of Cote d'Or (455, 727) was used to study primary liver cancer. The crude annual incidence rate was 10.4 per 100 000 for males, 2.3 per 100 000 for females. Among other cancer registries annual age standardized rates: 7.6 per 100 000 in males, 1.4 per 100 000 in females are in the intermediate range, close to the figure reported in Geneva and higher than incidence rates reported elsewhere in Europe. Most cancers were hepatocullular carcinomas (83%). Significant etiological factors were the sex ratio (5, 4), alcoholic cirrhosis associated with primary liver cancer in 61% of the patients. The one year crude survival rate was 8%.

Les auteurs rapportent le cas d'une méningococcie suraiguë avec purpura fulminans typique chez une personne de 77 ans, ils en profitent pour fixer les limites cliniques de ce tableau et ils insistent sur la rareté de cette pathologie chez le grand vieillard qui en rend difficile le diagnostic.