农业伦理学是涉及农业科学、生态学、历史学和伦理学等诸多研究领域的交叉学科.改革开放40多年来,中国农业的发展取得了长足进步,但它目前依然面临着一系列重大挑战,农业环境污染愈来愈严重、城乡二元社会结构鸿沟仍然存在、粮食安全与食物安全保障问题依然突出,农业新技术风险防控、国内农产品成本与进口产品到岸价倒挂等问题的解决均需要农业伦理学学科发挥重要作用.

美国有大批科普志愿者并在科普志愿者的管理机制以及活动开展上积累了相当多的经验.通过考察美国科普志愿者的准入退出机制、管理体系、法律法规以及活动形式,我们发现:美国对科普志愿者的管理具有规范化的准入退出机制、较为完善的奖惩机制、便捷化的报名渠道以及多样化的活动形式等经验.相比之下,目前中国科普志愿者的人数及在科技传播中的作用都显得比较薄弱,服务中也存在诸多不足之处,建议相关部门能对科普志愿者进行统一规范的管理,建立健全相关法律法规,拓宽报名渠道,完善奖惩机制,以期全面提高公民科学素质.

通过对“One Health”理念提出的背景、发展历史的梳理,并结合我国的生态环境状况、公共卫生风险与生态文明建设战略等情况,探讨了“One Health”理念提出的内涵和当代价值.“One Health”理念包括人、动物与环境等三者之间的整体健康;其当代价值在于传播了一种“万物一体、万物健康”的理念;主张建立一种包括人、动物和环境乃至整个生态系统在内的整体健康观;提出了跨学科、跨专业共同合作,应对全球生态危机挑战的战略框架;力图推动公共卫生部门、兽医部门、环境管理部门等相互协作,在“One Health”理念指导下共同应对现存的和新兴的医学挑战.

基于《人民日报》40多年来(1972-2016)转基因新闻报道,考察不同时期主流媒体塑造的转基因技术形象变迁及其变迁原因.研究发现:《人民日报》塑造的转基因技术形象为“神奇的魔术师——市场潜力巨大的科技产品——科技引领与经济前景美好的产业——争议性的科技创新”.转基因技术形象的不断变化不仅会受到技术自身、政府政策、经济利益等因素的影响,也会受到媒体自身报道议题、语气、态度和立场的影响.针对媒体报道中存在的立场不平衡、主题单一、忽视消费者权益等问题,文章提出了一些改进建议,以期为转基因技术的健康发展营造良好的舆论环境.

美国科学节在不断创新发展中已经形成自己独特的科学节模式.通过研究发现:美国科学节具有举办形式多样、赞助商分等级、与旅游结合、科普活动形式新颖、内容有特色等特点.相比之下,目前中国科学节的举办存在诸多问题和不足之处,建议推动科学节联盟的成立、建立科学节与赞助商互惠互利的合作模式、加强科学节与当地旅游部门的合作、完善以参与式和互动式为主的科普活动,以期全面提高公民科学素质.

美国在开展科学家科普培训方面积累了许多成功的经验.通过考察美国科学家科普培训形式、培训内容以及培训的经费来源,发现美国在科学家培训方面具有培训机构专业化、培训组织形式项目化、培训方式网络化等发展经验.基于科普与创新比翼的背景下,结合目前中国科学家科普培训方面存在的诸多问题,建议建立专业的科学家科普培训机构从而提升科学家科普培训专业化程度;促进科学家科普培训项目化,项目中嵌入对科学家参与科普活动的硬性要求;推动科学家科普培训方式网络化和多样化从而提高培训效果.

酿酒技术的进步即表现为制曲技术的进步.绍兴黄酒制曲技术的发展历经从米曲到麦曲,从散曲、饼曲至块曲以及酒曲纯种化的转变.其中,原辅料需求、人口迁移、现代科学知识、祭祀农俗文化是影响其变迁的主要因素.原辅料的供不应求、人口的迁移推动了制曲技术的发明创新;现代科学知识对制曲发酵技术的解密促成了技术的进步;祭祀农俗文化中对酒品质的积极期盼加速了制曲技术的传播和发展,最终提升了绍兴黄酒的品牌形象.

绍兴黄酒的酿制是一项有着两千多年历史的传统技艺.从社会型塑技术的角度考察,绍兴地域环境、技术设备引进、消费群体对技术的需求、政府的激励导向、品牌与商标的保护、花雕酒的民俗文化以及黄酒节带来的新商机等因素,都对绍兴黄酒技术的发展产生过重要影响作用.绍兴黄酒酿制技艺作为为国家级非物质文化遗产,其继承与发扬需要政府、高校、文化媒体传播者等不同群体共同努力.

2017年9月21-24日,中国草学会农业伦理学研究会成立大会暨“农业伦理学与农业可持续发展”学术研讨会,在南京农业大学学术交流中心隆重举行.本次会议由中国草学会主办,南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院和兰州大学草地农业科技学院承办. 来自中国社会科学院、中国人民大学、浙江大学、山东大学、北京师范大学、中央民族大学、兰州大学、中国农业大学、南京农业大学、西北农林科技大学、东南大学、南京师范大学、山东农业大学、青海省畜牧兽医科学院、、荷兰乌得勒支大学和国家图书馆中国文化管理协会新农村文化建设管理委员会等20多家高校院所及相关机构的100余位代表参加会议.

“Free-dripping Fistula Technique”became a hot topic in 201 2,and it raised the debate.The focus is not on the technology,but scientific,political,economic and ethical value about it.Based on the theory of the core group of Col-lins,the paper classifies those who participate in the debate,and uses the benefit pattern of neo-philosophy to analyze dif-ferent groups of specific interests.It helps to show interest motivation of debate and get some enlightenment.

本文以《人民日报》、《科技日报》、《南方周末》和《东方早报》四份报纸为研究对象,采用主题词检索方法,对2005-2010年间(共206份样本)四报转基因报道的数量、议题、版面、类型、立场、利益-风险评价和引用消息来源等进行了深入系统地分析和研究.并在此基础上,比较分析了四家媒体在转基因新闻报道时的成功经验与存在的问题,并根据我国媒体报道的不足提出相应的对策建议.

With the focus on the domestic dispute over the commercialization of genetically modified staple food in 2010,the present paper presented an empirical and meta-cognitive literature-review-type of study on the GMT reports with 1821 samples collected from influential domestic newspapers from January 1 to December 31,2010.Through a systematic analysis on such variables as quantity,topics,standpoints and benefit-risk,the present paper dealt with the outline,features,problems and causes concerning the GMT reports and discussed how the media can construct an image of GMT.

Taking the debate on GM staple crops as a case, the paper examines various voices against the commercialization ofGM staple crops in society and thinks that there may be three reasons to influence public attitude and position in this issue.Firstly,the advanced characteristics of modern science and technology have caused the isolation between the public and science.Secondly,public dependence on expert's knowledge of science and technology is faced with the expert's interests privatisation, which has ledto a separation between the expert and the public.Thirdly, the loss of public belief in the government resulted from the decline of thegovernment's credibility has deepened the gap between the public and the government.These factors interact with each other andhave affected the attitude and position of the public.

20世纪70年代以来,以基因工程技术为核心的生物技术以前所未有的速度迅速发展,并在医药、农业及食品工业等领域获得广泛的应用,取得了巨大的经济效益和社会效益。毫无疑问,转基因技术将成为近期内发展最快、应用潜力最大的生物

Debate on genetically modified staple food became a hot issue in China in 2010.Based on the benefits of subjects taking part in this debate,this paper analyzes the causes,the essence and the imapct of such debate and points out that among those complicated reasons leading to this debate,the main reasons are that people maintain some original traditions,lifestyles and moral standard,two parties in the debate have different values and beneficial tendency,people worry about potential risks of food and ecological safety of genetically modified crops or food and media hype up the news about the commercialization of genetically modified rice.The essence of this debate is the game process on benefits,power and resources.The debate is objectively important to spread new knowledge,change values,perfect supervisory system and promote development of technology

With the rapid development of economy,the problems about agriculture,rural areas and peasantry become more and more important,and various agriculture parks are everywhere just like bamboo shooting after a spring rain.On one hand,it brings unlimited vitality to the local economy development;on the other hand,there exist a lot of problems——immutable business mode,without rigorous planning,lack of management,which restrict the development of the parks greatly,leading to many parks appear shortly,and eventually closed down or shifted to be something else,and resulting in a great waste of resources and restricting the local economic development.Therefore,this article takes Fu Jiabian agriculture park of Lishui County,Jiangsu,as an example,analyzing the problems of the leisure agriculture park,and giving some advice as well as some tactics to the sustainable development of leisure agriculture parks.

In recent years overseas scholars have studied some issues from the media's angle such as the attitudes of the public and media in transgenic technology,the relations of media and public,the model of science communication and obtained some valuable conclusions.But the research of domestic academies on this issue is still lacking.The author thinks future research need strengthen in the following several aspects:systemical research on the press of GM technology /GM foods;comparative research from the angle of the media at home and abroad and combining positive investigation with media analysis etc.

紧密结合农业院校的实际,在教学实践中,将分组演讲、影视教学、专题教学等多种教学方法运用到教学中,努力提高研究生的创新能力和创新素质,最大限度地发挥本课程的创新教育功能。

The author took"GM soybean"as a case to discuss the internal dynamics and external factors of the development of genetically modified soybean technology.Firstly,the comparatively better predominance of genetically modified soybean than traditional soybean propelled its development.Secondly,enhancing different peoples’economic benefits and the international market demands were its external dynamics.Thirdly,incessantly perfect patent systems had provided powerful protection.Therefore,the naissance and development of genetically modified soybean technology was an inevitable phenomenon.Though there were many issues about genetically modified soybean and GM foods,it will obtain better development in future.

The loss of scientists saying rights has led to the loss of main body of science communication.It has brought the consequence of delaying and misleading and reliability reduction in science communication.In this article,we try to discuss what causes the problem with the banana cancer case.We also try to bring forward the suggestion that it is possible for scientists to carry the duty of scientific transmission.