Electrocatalytic sulfion oxidation reaction (SOR) affords a feasible strategy for sulfion-rich wastewater remediation and sulfur recovery. Innovating new electrocatalysts to outperform widely-used yet mediocre metal sulfides is strongly desired, yet poses a formidable challenge. Herein we highlight, for the first time, that synergistic anomalous crystal phase design and doping engineering can unlock the potential of transition metal tellurides (TMTe) for remarkably promoted SOR. Take CoTe2 as a proof-of-concept demonstration, we engineer nanosheet array comprising CoTe2 with unusual orthorhombic phase and Cu doping (CC/o-CuCoTe2) to mediate the SOR with the state-of-the-art level. A distinct crystal phase dependence of SOR behavior is found, with unconventional orthorhombic o-CoTe2 surpassing usual hexagonal counterpart h-CoTe2 in both activity and stability. And Cu doping can further boost the SOR. The experimental and theoretical studies unravel that coupling orthorhombic phase design with Cu doping over CoTe2 can facilitate active site exposure and mass transfer. More impressively, such synergistic dual engineering can modulate electronic structure of CoTe2, weakening S2- and S8 binding, reducing the barrier of rate-determining step, thus simultaneously improving activity and durability. This contribution points to the potential of TMTe for SOR, and enlightens that elegant phase regulation coupled with doping engineering promises boosted catalysis.

The hydrometallurgical recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) often faces challenges in retaining valuable metals during the removal of Fe and Al from Ni-Co-Mn-Li acidic solutions, with significant losses occurring through chemical precipitation processes. Despite the critical importance of understanding these loss mechanisms, the primary pathways and their underlying causes remain inadequately explored. This study systematically investigates the loss behavior and mechanism of Ni, Co, and Li during the Fe and Al precipitation process. Experimental results demonstrate that Al precipitation is a significant contributor to metal loss. The total loss was found to increase from 0.4 % to 6.2 % as the molar fraction of aluminum in the Fe-Al solution increased from 0 % to 100 %, under constant endpoint pH conditions of 3.8. Notably, a 5-h aging process at a fixed Al molar fraction of 50 % reduced these losses from 2.7 % to 1.5 %, due to dissolution and recrystallization of precipitates. Furthermore, it was observed that increasing iron content in the solution enhances the coprecipitation yield of aluminum with Fe. At an Fe/Al molar ratio of 2:1 (Al concentration of 2 g/L), endpoint pH of 3.2 and a temperature of 90 degrees C, approximately 50 % aluminum was successfully coprecipitated with iron, without causing significant impacts on the metal losses. Microscopic analysis and spectral characterizations provided deeper insights into the dominant loss mechanism, indicating that sulfate complexation-related adsorption plays a key role in metal losses. The findings offer valuable insights for enhancing purification efficiency and minimizing metal loss in hydrometallurgical recycling processes.

A novel magnetic carboxymethyl chitosan/polyacrylic acid (Fe 3 O 4 /CMC/PAA) hydrogel adsorbent was successfully synthesized via free radical polymerization for malachite green (MG) dye removal from wastewater. Comprehensive characterization through FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and VSM confirmed its porous network structure containing abundant functional groups (-OH, -COOH, -NH₂) and superparamagnetic properties (1.8 emu/g saturation magnetization). The adsorbent exhibited optimal performance at pH 10, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 397.73 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating chemically controlled monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic analysis revealed the spontaneous (ΔG < 0) and endothermic (ΔH > 0) nature of the process. After five regeneration cycles, the material maintained 86.7% removal efficiency, demonstrating excellent reusability. This magnetic hydrogel combines high adsorption capacity with rapid magnetic separation capability, offering significant potential for practical dye wastewater treatment applications. The integrated properties of efficient contaminant removal, facile recovery, and stable regeneration performance position it as a promising alternative to conventional adsorbents.

Understanding the thermal dissociation of Nd2Fe14B permanent magnets is essential for improving high-temperature stability , optimising heat treatment and enabling magnet recycling. Yet the dissociation pathway under an inert atmosphere remains unresolved. Here, we combined thermal analysis, diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and microscopy to resolve the associated phase, local-structure and microstructural changes. At 700℃, the dissociated fraction rose from 41.1% after 8 h to 82.1% after 24 h, but reached only 92.7% after 48 h. The process was therefore rapid initially and substantially slower at longer times. The unit-cell parameters of residual Nd2Fe14B first increased and then decreased, indicating lattice expansion followed by contraction. Fe coordination changed from mixed Fe-Nd/Fe-Fe to predominantly Fe-Fe, whereas Nd-Fe coordination was no longer detected and Nd-Nd coordination emerged. These changes are consistent with the release, migration and local enrichment of Nd as the ordered Nd2Fe14B lattice developed disordered regions and new phases. Microscopy and SEM-EDS further indicated that an Nd-rich liquid accumulated at particle edges and interparticle voids, while Fe-rich domains remained largely solid and coarsened. Together, the results support a progressive pathway of lattice destabilisation, coordination reconfiguration and new-phase formation under an inert atmosphere. This framework may inform heat-treatment design and short-process recovery of Nd2Fe14B magnets.

This study employs first-principles calculations to systematically investigate the electrochemical performance of the two-dimensional MXene material Mo3N2 as an anode for lithium-ion batteries, with a focus on the effects of surface functional groups (-O and -OH) and Mo vacancies. The results show that pristine Mo3N2 exhibits intrinsic metallicity, a low Li-ion diffusion barrier (0.058 eV), a theoretical capacity of 339 mAh g-1, and a suitable average open-circuit voltage of 0.45 V. However, surface functionalization significantly alters these properties: -O termination increases the diffusion barrier to 0.307 eV, while -OH reduces it to 0.029 eV; the capacity decreases to 308 mAh g-1 for Mo3N2O2 and 191 mAh g-1 for Mo3N2(OH)2. Mo vacancies are found to be easily formed (formation energy: -1.08 eV) and they create a strong trapping effect that substantially hinders Li-ion diffusion. These findings reveal that the electrochemical performance of Mo3N2 is highly tunable by surface chemistry, and optimization requires careful control of termination groups and defect structures.

Neuromorphic optoelectronic devices show great potential in processing complex tasks, but state-of-the-art optoelectronic devices possess an accumulative photocurrent response that causes high consumption and requires additional circuit to stress spike overshoot. Here we proposed a WOx-C-60 heterojunction optosynaptic device that can execute efficient human faces recognition through a falling photocurrent response. Such WOx-C-60 heterojunction integrates the positive photoresponse of WOx film and negative photoresponse of C-60 film to build reliable synapse habituation behaviors, enabling low energy consumption similar to 25.0 pJ and 256 distinguished photoresponse states. Reservoir computing (RC) is based on the synapse habituation effect in the WOx-C-60 heterojunction, yielding over 95% accuracy for human faces recognition. This work discloses a significant optosynapse mechanism as well as an optoelectronic hardware for in-sensor computing.

The efficient extraction and enrichment of uranium from wastewater using porous membrane is significant for pollution control and resource recovery. However, porous membrane prepared by conventional methods often suffer from poor environmental compatibility, structural instability, and declining separation efficiency and flux. This study proposes a green strategy for fabrication of high-performance porous uranium separation membranes via Pickering foam templating. 1.0 wt% nano-palygorskite (Pal) was optimized as the foam-stabilizing particle and 0.1 wt% Sapindus saponin (Sap) as the green foaming agent to formulate a Pickering foam film-forming solution within sodium alginate (SA) matrix. After casting and cross-linking yielded a membrane (Pal/Sap/SACa) featuring stable interconnected porous network, enabling precise anchoring of uranium-capturing functional groups on pore surfaces and within network. Under conditions of pH 4.7-5.7 and solid-liquid ratio 0.50 similar to 0.75 g/ L, the membrane achieved a uranium adsorption capacity of 216 mg/g and a removal rate of 95 %, leveraging synergistic coordination and ion exchange. Dynamic extraction experiments showed that using a double-layer membrane to treat a solution with uranium concentration of 8.0 x 10-4 mol/L (flow rate 0.5 mL/min) resulted in a cumulative uranium extraction rate (CR3) and enrichment rate of 91 % and 92 %, respectively. Furthermore, a functionally enhanced membrane obtained via nitric acid-catalyzed esterification exhibited a 50 % increase in initial extraction efficiency compared to Pal/Sap/SA-Ca membrane, and CR3 rising to 96 %. This enhanced membrane was reusable for at least 6 cycles, achieving 5-fold uranium enrichment. This study provides a feasible technical pathway for applying green-constructed porous membrane in uranium pollution control and resource recovery.

The uranium reserves in seawater, amounting to 4.5 billion tons, represent a significant potential resource for ensuring the sustainable development of nuclear energy in the future. The advancement of highly efficient and selective adsorbents is pivotal for advancing seawater uranium extraction research. Functionalized polymer materials have emerged as a research hotspot for seawater uranium extraction. In this study, an amidoximefunctionalized (PAO) hydrogel membrane was prepared via non-solvent-induced phase separation, and the amidoxime functional groups were subsequently converted into imide dioxime groups through a hydrothermal method, resulting in a polyimide dioxime hydrogel (PIDOH) membrane. Owing to the successful transformation of amidoxime into imide dioxime functional groups, the membrane demonstrated significantly enhanced uranium adsorption capacity and efficiency compared to its precursor, achieving a remarkable uranium adsorption capacity of 787.4 mg center dot g-1. Additionally, it exhibited excellent chemical stability and recyclability, maintaining nearly 95 % adsorption efficiency for uranium in solution after four consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles using 0.5 M HNO3 as the eluent. After five cycles of operation in 21 L of uranium-spiked natural seawater, the membrane retained robust uranium extraction performance, with an adsorption capacity of 27.8 mg center dot g- 1. Combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) characterization, the 2:1 complexation mechanism with uranyl ions was further elucidated.

Interactions between iron minerals and dissolved organic matter (DOM) are ubiquitous across environmental systems, but the global effects of photochemical synergies between DOM and iron minerals in surface environments remain to be comprehensively elucidated. Contrary to the assumption that minerals primarily stabilize organic matter, iron minerals also control the release, conversion and mineralization of associated organic carbon through dissolution, phase evolution and photo-oxidation. Concurrently, DOM modulates the photoreduction, transformation and reactivity of iron minerals via light-mediated electron transfer and photochemically generated reactive oxygen species. These mineral–organic interactions are shaped by environmental variables and molecular characteristics that exert a marked influence on the mobility, speciation and transformation of associated contaminants, particularly at dynamic environmental interfaces. This Review focuses on the reactivity, vulnerability and spatial heterogeneity of iron and carbon pools in response to solar radiation and provides an update on how light shapes the coupling of iron and carbon cycles in terrestrial and aquatic surface systems. Field observations integrated with laboratory experiments, and advanced analytical techniques could enable the photochemistry of iron minerals and DOM to provide a framework for improved understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of iron, carbon and contaminants, refining carbon budgets and informing sustainable remediation strategies. Iron minerals and dissolved organic matter contribute to elemental cycling, contaminant dynamics and biogeochemical processes. This Review provides an update on iron mineral–dissolved organic matter photochemistry and highlights research priorities that could improve climate model predictions, the accuracy of carbon budgets and understanding of contaminant behaviour under sunlight.

Iron (oxyhydr)oxides serve as critical substrates for uranium sequestration in environmental systems. However, the immobilization behavior of U(VI) by co-precipitates of Fe(II)/Fe(III) at moderate molar ratios remains unclear. This study investigates phase evolution during Fe(II)/Fe(III) co-precipitation and subsequent U(VI) immobilization mechanisms. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses revealed that co-precipitates with a low Fe(II)/Fe(III) molar ratio (1:50) retained as the phase of ferrihydrite for 48 h, whereas those with a high Fe(II)/Fe(III) molar ratio (1:10) transformed to goethite within 12 h. Acid dissolution experimental results are consistent with Fe(II) being incorporated throughout the bulk of the precipitate particles. The accelerated U(VI) immobilization kinetics in the Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio of 1:10 system may be attributed to the enhanced surface reactivity of goethite as its dominant crystalline phase. Combined density functional theory (DFT) and spectroscopic analysis reveal a critical energy barrier that inhibits electron transfer from structurally incorporated Fe(II) to U(VI) at low Fe(II) density. Integrating these findings with literature evidence of U(VI) reduction in magnetite (Fe(II)/Fe(III) ≈ 1:2) supports the proposed concept of a reductive inert threshold for structural Fe(II), bracketed between ratios of 1:10 and 1:2. In contrast, supplementation with high concentrations of aqueous Fe(II) induced partial reduction, highlighting the critical role of Fe(II) speciation and availability. This finding reveals a non-reductive, adsorption-dominated immobilization pathway for uranium at the iron oxide interface, which improves the theoretical understanding and provides a new foundational basis for evaluating and predicting the environmental behavior of uranium.

Photocatalytic separation of uranium presents a promising approach for resource recovery, yet its efficiency remains limited by severe charge-carrier recombination. Integrating piezocatalysis with photocatalysis offers an attractive pathway to overcome this barrier. Herein, a Type-II CdS@BaTiO3 heterojunction was fabricated by growing CdS nanoparticles onto a BaTiO3 matrix, which enables efficient piezo-photocatalytic uranium extraction. The built-in electric field of the heterojunction, reinforced by the stirring-induced piezoelectric polarization of CdS@BaTiO3, drives directional charge migration and greatly enhances carrier separation. As a result, CdS@BaTiO3 achieved 98% uranium removal within 10 min under stirring and light irradiation, which was 2.5 and 8.3 times higher than those achieved by photocatalysis and piezocatalysis alone, respectively. The composite also delivers a high uranium separation capacity of 1893.2 mg & centerdot;g-1, exceeding most previously reported piezo-photocatalytic uranium extraction systems. Mechanistic investigations identify superoxide radicals (& centerdot;O2-) as the dominant reactive species responsible for U(VI) reduction and immobilization. This work demonstrates a promising water-flow-driven energy-coupling strategy for uranium extraction.

Photocatalytic reduction of U(VI) is a promising approach for the treatment of uranium-containing solutions and resource recovery. However, due to the low charge transfer efficiency and the weak ability to activate dissolved oxygen, most photocatalysts are unable to reduce U(VI) under ambient air conditions, limiting the practical application of this approach. In this study, nano-hollow cubic NiCo-layered double oxide (NiCo-LDO) was prepared using Ni2+-etched ZIF-67 as a precursor and was employed for the photocatalytic reduction of U(VI). Within 180 min of illumination, the NiCo-LDO achieved a U(VI) removal efficiency of 98.0% under ambient air conditions, which is 2.5 and 4.2 times higher than those of NiO and Co3O4, respectively. The efficiency of U(VI) removal remained above 98% after five cycles of reuse. Benefiting from uniformly dispersed heterojunctions and the oxygen vacancies, NiCo-LDO exhibits efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers. Furthermore, the increased d-band center and hollow cubic structure effectively enhance its adsorption for U(VI) as well as the activation of dissolved oxygen. Together, these features promote electron transfer and oxygen activation, enabling the efficient U(VI) reduction under ambient air conditions. These findings offer implications for designing catalysts applicable to the photocatalytic reduction of U(VI) in practical scenarios.

Designing small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) with long exciton diffusion length (LD) and high electron mobility is vital for boosting power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the limited LD of most advanced SMAs hinders their practical applications in thick-film OSCs. Herein, we develop four SMAs (named Yq-0F, Yq-2F, Yq-4F, and Yq-6F) with fluorine-free/fluorinated phenyl-substituted quinoxaline cores by manipulating the number of fluorine atom. Among them, polyfluorophenyl-substituted Yq-4F exhibits superior 3D network crystal framework and favourable intermolecular packing, leading to optimal blend morphology with polymer donor D18. Therefore, D18:Yq-4F system achieves improved carrier mobilities and suppressed charge recombination loss. Consequently, the D18:Yq-4F based binary OSCs provide a PCE of 18.30%, surpassing these ones based on D18:Yq-0F (11.27%), D18:Yq-2F (17.73%), and D18:Yq-6F (17.00%). When introducing Yq-4F as a guest into D18:L8-BO host to fabricate ternary OSCs, the PCE further increases to 20.77%, as the highest reported value among quinoxaline-derived SMAs. Moreover, ternary D18:Yq-4F:BTP-eC9 and D18:L8-BO:Yq-4F OSCs with ~500 nm active layer thickness offer impressive PCEs of >17%, ranking among the top values for thick-film devices with similar thickness. This work offers an effective SMA design strategy for opening a path towards efficient thin-film and thick-film OSCs simultaneously.

ABSTRACT Natural enzymatic nitrate (NO 3 ‒ ) conversion exhibits inherent limitations under anthropogenic disturbances. Herein, we proposed an artificial enzyme assembly engineering that integrated a photothermal module with a biomimetic catalytic framework, aiming to transcend the functionality of natural enzyme. The integrated catalyst (Cu x /Cu 1 ‐NC) features coexisting Cu clusters and single atoms anchored on a nitrogen‐doped carbon substrate. In a photo‐electro system, the catalyst exhibited nearly 100% ammonia (NH 3 ) selectivity, with an NH 3 yield increased by 23.1 times compared to the unmodified single‐atom catalyst (Cu 1 ‐C). Mechanistic studies at the atomic and molecular levels reveal that, Cu clusters and Cu single atoms successfully mimic T1Cu and T2Cu in copper‐containing nitrite reductase (Cu‐NIR), supplying electrons and protons during NO 3 ‒ reduction process. Nitrogen‐doped carbon substrate possesses an asymmetric electron distribution function akin to that of amino acid residues in enzymes, constructing an efficient *H transfer network. In situ detection and physical modeling demonstrated that, the plasmonic resonance of Cu clusters generates an electromagnetic field intensity of 44.8 on a log 10 (|E| 2 ) scale at the interatomic gaps and produces an interfacial thermal field of 80.1°C within 1 min under irradiation of 400 mW·cm −2 , thereby promoting reactivity. This work offers a state‐of‐the‐art photothermal‐responsive artificial enzyme assembly strategy for directed NO 3 ‒ conversion.

Iron (Fe)-manganese (Mn) co-precipitated (hydr)oxides (Fe-MnOx) are widespread in natural environments and play a crucial role in controlling uranium (U) migration and speciation. However, the formation of Fe-MnOx and their differences in U(VI) adsorption compared with single-phase ferrihydrite (Fhy) remain poorly understood. Here, the formation process of Fe-MnOx and its U(VI) immobilization were systematically investigated and compared with Fhy. Fe-MnOx exhibits a heterogeneous core-shell structure with a Mn-enriched surface and an Fe-rich core, with similar to 90% of Mn transferred to the solid phase and the Fe-2(+)/Fe3+ ratio in the core rising with acidity. The structure largely retains a Fhy-like framework while providing more complex surface chemistry and higher reactivity. Fe-MnOx exhibits a larger specific surface area and higher U(VI) adsorption capacity than Fhy, with adsorption approaching 100% across pH 5.6-8.6. Environmental factor analyses indicate that solution pH is the dominant factor controlling U(VI) adsorption, while humic acid, solid-to-liquid ratio, ionic strength, and coexisting ions play secondary roles. Spectroscopic evidence confirms that U(VI) is predominantly immobilized via inner-sphere complexation with surface Fe-O and hydroxyl groups, while Mn species on Fe-MnOx surface provide additional adsorption sites, enhancing U(VI) adsorption. Desorption experiments show higher U(VI) release for Fe-MnOx (similar to 15 -20%) than for Fhy (similar to 10%), indicating a dynamic retention behavior and potential risk of remobilization under changing environmental conditions. These findings demonstrate that Fe-MnOx are important for the natural attenuation of U, significantly influencing its environmental behavior and potential long-term stability.

Helium (He) is an indispensable strategic resource for global high-technology industries, and its migration and preservation during accumulation are strongly governed by synergistic interactions with fluid carrier gases such as methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogen (N2). To elucidate the microscopic coupling mechanisms between He and carrier gas molecules, as well as their environmental dependence, this study employs quantum chemical calculations combined with molecular configuration screening to systematically evaluate coupling energies and the stability of He-carrier coupled structures under anhydrous and hydrous conditions. The results show that, under anhydrous environments, the coupling affinity between He and carrier molecules follows the order CO2>CH4>N2>He. In contrast, under hydrous conditions, the interactions of He with CO2 and CH4 are weakened, whereas the coupling stability with N2 is significantly enhanced, accompanied by a spatial reorganization of coupling sites. Solvation effects induced by water molecules strengthen He–N2 interactions, indicating that pore water within mineral matrices facilitates the co-existence of He and N2. In multi-molecular systems, He–H2O complexes exhibit the highest stability, followed by He–CO2, He–CH4, and He–N2. Moreover, owing to their relatively large molecular sizes and their propensity to form molecular clusters, carrier gas molecules can physically block caprock pore throats, thereby enhancing sealing efficiency and reducing He leakage. Based on these findings, three key microscopic contributions of carrier gases to He accumulation are identified, namely aggregation in water, cooperative transport through fractures, and effective retention by caprocks. From a molecular-scale perspective, this study reveals the cooperative role of the He-carrier system in helium accumulation and provides a theoretical basis for elucidating accumulation mechanisms and predicting He-rich sweet spots.

The efficient removal of Si(IV) from highly concentrated Cr(VI) multiplex complex solutions is crucial for enhancing the quality of chromium products. In this study, a novel in-situ desilication method was developed using Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (Mg-Al LDHs), which were synthesized through a hydrolysis reaction between MgSO4 and NaAlO2 solutions. The resulting Mg-Al layered double hydroxides exhibited a high specific surface area of 116.8 m2/g and a mesoporous structure with pore size ranging from 10 to 25 nm. The desilication efficiency was significantly affected by reaction time, temperature, free NaOH concentration and MgSO4.7H2O dosage. When the free NaOH concentration ranged from 10 g/L to 50 g/L, the residual Si(IV) concentration reached approximately 42.6 mg/L. Under optimized conditions at 90 degrees C for 6 h using 3 g/L of MgSO4.7H2O, the residual Si(IV) concentration decreased from 140 mg/L to 12.6 mg/L, achieving a removal efficiency of 91 %. In contrast, variations in Na2CrO4, NaVO3 and NaAlO2 concentrations had a negligible impact. Based on X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, it was determined that that Mg-Al layered double hydroxides formed during the early stage of reaction, preceding zeolite precipitation. A synergistic mechanism involving ion exchange and zeolite precipitation was proposed to elucidate the desilication behavior. This study presents a cost-effective and efficient strategy for purifying Cr(VI)rich complex solutions, thereby reducing the discharge of chromium slag.

Graphene oxide (GO) exhibits highly tunable oxidative reactivity arising from the interplay between oxygen functionalities and vacancy defects. Here we demonstrate that thermal engineering of these active sites drives a fundamental transition between two intrinsic oxidation pathways on GO. Moderately oxidized sheets (C/O < similar to 7.2), dominated by -OH/-COOH groups, promote light-driven interfacial reactions, whereas strongly reduced, vacancy-rich GO (C/O similar to 21.3) enables efficient dark oxidation, as revealed using As(III) as a molecular reaction probe. The defect-enriched material achieves nearly complete conversion within 10 h without irradiation, indicating a vacancy-mediated chemocatalytic regime. Photoelectrochemical analyses associate the photocatalytic behavior of oxygenated GO with enhanced charge separation, while EPR and scavenger experiments identify center dot OH and H2O2 as the predominant reactive oxygen species across both regimes. Density functional theory calculations further show that vacancies markedly strengthen O-2 adsorption and lower the free-energy barriers for H2O2/center dot OH formation relative to pristine or merely oxygenated basal planes, establishing vacancies as highly competent centers for O-2 activation. The defect-mediated reactivity remains stable across a broad pH range and persists in natural water. By quantitatively correlating active-site distributions with distinct oxidative pathways, this work elucidates the structure reactivity relationships governing GO-based carbocatalysts and provides mechanistic insight into the oxidative behavior of graphene derivatives in aqueous environments.

The practical application of ultrafiltration membranes is restricted by the permeability-selectivity trade-off and severe fouling, which conventional single-component modifications often fail to address simultaneously. To overcome these limitations, we propose an integrated strategy combining internal bulk doping with surface coordination assembly. Specifically, incorporating polydopamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PDA@MWCNTs) into the polyethersulfone (PES) matrix serves a dual purpose by providing high-speed internal water channels to reduce hydraulic resistance and creating abundant active surface anchoring sites. Leveraging these anchoring sites, a hydrophilic metal-phenolic network (MPN) was seamlessly constructed via the coordination assembly of tannic acid (TA) and Al3 +, which effectively alleviates the permeability-selectivity trade-off. Under optimal conditions, the composite membrane exhibits a pure water flux of 178.71 L & sdot;m-2 & sdot;h-1 and a bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection of 95.07%. Furthermore, the robust TA-Al3+ hydration layer, structurally stabilized by the internal PDA anchors, confers excellent operational stability and intrinsic antifouling properties with a flux recovery ratio of 76.14% and an irreversible fouling ratio of 21.32%. This work provides a promising strategy for designing highly permeable, selective, and durable separation membranes.

First-principles calculations are performed to systematically explore the electrochemical performance of 2D MXene Mo 3 N 2 as a Li-ion battery anode, focusing on impacts of surface functional groups (–O, –OH) and Mo vacancies.