The nonlinear L-histidinium tetrafluoroborate (LHFB) single crystals have been grown by the slow evaporation method. The single-crystal XRD confirms the monoclinic lattice system with the P21 space group and explains molecular electron charge density distribution for grown crystals. The diffraction data are refined to a final Refinement factor (R) value of 0.04. The growth rate of LHFB crystal is determined by a morphological study. The 3D Hirshfeld surface gives information about the intermolecular interaction present and the 2D fingerprint plot shows the nature of intermolecular close contact experienced by the molecules in a crystal. Energy frameworks have been computed by the Hirshfeld topology. The value of the enrichment ratio has been deduced to help understand the crystal packing interaction. 3D energy framework is a new way for understanding the topology of all types of interaction of the molecule in the crystal. The lower value of the dielectric loss at higher frequencies has increased the optical quality of the crystal. The piezoelectric property was reported for the first time in LHFB single crystal. The piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33) is found to be 4 pC/N. The promising piezoelectric and dielectric studies of grown crystal make it suitable for various optoelectronics, energy harvesting, piezoelectric transducers and patch antennae for wireless communication applications. Mechanical properties reveal that the LHFB crystals belong to the softer nature. The voids present in the grown crystal were estimated at different isosurface values, which give information about the mechanical strength and porosity of the compound. The computing of geometric parameters, optimization energies, frontier molecular orbital energies and molecular surface electrostatic potential were performed using the Gaussian 09 program package in the DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) basis set.

A novel non-linear optical single crystal of 8-hydroxyquinolinium phthalate has been as-synthesised by a slow evaporation solution growth technique. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis affirms that it belongs to a monoclinic crystal system. While UV-visible spectroscopy shows its optical transparency with a direct band gap of 2.80 eV, a photoluminescence study confirms a principal yellow emission at 370 nm excitation. Furthermore, the mechanical and thermal properties along with the functional groups' study have also been laid out in this paper. Intermolecular interactions present in the crystal are ascertained from Hirshfeld surface and fingerprint plot studies. The Z-scan technique has reportedly affirmed third harmonics generation in the same. Theoretical calculations using DFT modelling further testify to the experimental observations thereby laying out the framework of the mentioned crystal in terms of its optimized geometry, molecular electrostatic potential, frontier molecular orbital, natural bond orbital and natural population analysis along with vibrational assignments and UV absorption analysis.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained notable attention, particularly in the biomedical and antibacterial fields, owing to their distinctive characteristics. Biological synthesis of AgNPs is a prominent method due to its ease of preparation, eco-friendliness, non-toxicity and time efficiency. Herein, AgNPs were synthesized using an extract from "Platycladus orientalis" and their antimicrobial and biological properties were thoroughly investigated. The scaling down of Ag⁺ to Ag⁰ was evident through the appearance of a yellow brownish colour. AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). UV-Visible spectroscopy revealed absorption peaks at around 440 nm for AgNPs synthesized from fruits’ seat coat of Platycladus orientalis. TEM analysis indicates the average size of AgNPs is approximately 50 nm. Powder XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of the AgNPs, with prominent peaks corresponding to face-centred cubic structures. FTIR analysis identified key functional groups involved in the synthesis process. SEM images displayed agglomerated AgNPs with varying diameters and particle dispersion. Molecular docking results showed favourable binding interactions of AgNPs with the protein 2BTD, with a docking score of -3342 kcal/mol, indicating potential biological activity. These findings highlight the effective synthesis of AgNPs using Platycladus orientalis and their significant potential for biomedical applications.

We report herein a novel label -free polyaniline (PANI) based bisphenol A (BPA) electrochemical sensor fabricated on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The PANI layer was electrochemically deposited on a gold -coated PET substrate using the facile amperometric (current-time transient) technique. A thorough investigation of the PANI sensing layer was done using Raman spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) characterization techniques. The sensing properties of the implanted matrix for BPA detection were investigated through cyclic voltammetry (CV). The fabricated electrochemical sensor showed linearity in the concentration range of 0.05---5.0 mu M, a higher sensitivity of - 56.69 A/M and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of - 1.06 nM. The sensor exhibited excellent flexibility and a better shelf life of 20 weeks. The results highlight the importance of PANI thin film as an attractive matrix for the realization of electrochemical sensor for BPA detection.

Single crystals of imidazolium D-camphorsulfonate (D-ImCS) are synthesized through the slow evaporation solution method. Powder X-ray diffraction reveals that the grown crystals have crystallized in the monoclinic phase with non-centrosymmetric space group P21. UV-visible spectroscopy measurements showed that D-ImCS crystals only absorb in the UV region. Photoluminescence studies indicated emissions in the blue and violet regions. The functional groups present in the crystal were identified through FTIR analysis. The soft nature of the crystal was identified using Vicker's microhardness testing. Dielectric analysis reveals the transition temperature T-c = 365.7 K. The piezoelectric charge constant (d(22)) is determined to be +/- 8 pC N-(1.) The polarization hysteresis loop demonstrates the ferroelectric nature. The presence of NLO property is demonstrated through SHG. Density Functional Theory (DFT) utilizing Gaussian 16 W software provided the optimized structure, UV-visible absorbance, FTIR spectra, frontier molecular orbitals, density of states, molecular electrostatic potential, atomic charge distribution, natural population analysis and non-linear optical properties (NLO). This computational approach complements and validates experimental findings, resulting in a thorough knowledge of D-ImCS behavior and properties.

Viruses have been around us for a long period of time; they are reported to affect humans, animals and plant at cellular level by using host's body to dwell and reproduce. The spread of HIV was reported in 1981 and created a global threat to public health. In the areas of basic virology, immunology and pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS, the development of antiretroviral medicines and significant progress has been made in recent years. Majority of these antiviral compounds have the potential to be used as HIV drugs, however they are frequently accompanied with some side effects. With the emergence of the COVID-19, human race is facing a new public health crisis and repurposing of antiviral drugs are being considered to block the function of Mpro of the new corona virus (SARSCoV-2). This review covers the information related to the synthesis of various types of antiviral drugs and their toxicity. Some of these are used as repurposing drugs to cure patients suffering from other diseases/ infections. Therefore, information for in Silico studies of these antiviral drugs is incorporated. In brief, this review is focused on synthesis of different types of antiviral drugs, their repurposing role as well as toxicity.

Acyl phosphines (R2P-C(O)R) are the tertiary phosphorus compounds having a P-C(O) linkages. Though they are known historically, their literature is not exhaustive mainly due to the vulnerability of P-C(O) bonds toward nucleophilic substitution reactions. However, there is a renewed interest in the synthesis of acyl phosphines and di (acyl) phosphines, recently. Among the methods available for the synthesis, most involve nucleophilic substitutions at carbonyl carbon by phosphorus nucleophile as a customary step. The examples of phosphines possessing two acyl groups (R(O)C-RP-C(O)R) are found more frequently in the literature of late, and most of them are cyclic in nature. The transition-metal complexes of acyl phosphines and di (acyl) phosphines are moderately explored in literature. However, their catalytic applications are meager. In the current review, the details of syntheses, reactivity, structural features, and catalytic activities of acyl phosphines and bis (acyl) phosphines reported in the last three decades are discussed.

The imidazole derivatives are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings and produce significant various pharmacological activity like anticancer, antitubercular, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidepressant, antileishmanial activity and many more. The present study was planned to synthesize novel imidazoles and assess them as their anticancer and anthelmintic activity. To make an equivalent Schiff's base, sulfanilamide was first condensed with heteryl aldehydes. Using silica gel as a solid support, the Schiff's base was further treated with NH4OAC and acetylated/benzoylated isatin, yielding matching imidazoles. A comparison of the created microwave approach with the conventional method is discussed in this work. The physical and analytical data of synthesized compounds were studied, and were evaluated for their anticancer and anthelmintic activity. The findings demonstrated significant anticancer and anthelmintic activity of novel synthesized imidazoles compounds (1b – 8b). The synthesized imidazoles possessed significant cytotoxic activity against Hep-2 cell line. The findings suggested the microwave method was more appropriate for the synthesis of imidazoles compounds (1b – 8b).

Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a threat to global health, food security, and development today. Antibiotic resistance can occur naturally but mainly due to misuse or overuse of antibiotics, which results in recalcitrant infections and Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) among bacterial pathogens.These mainly include the MDR strains (multi-drug resistant) of ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species). These bacterial pathogens have the potential to “escape” antibiotics and other traditional therapies. These bacterial pathogens are responsible for the major cases of Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAI) globally. ESKAPE Pathogens have been placed in the list of 12 bacteria by World Health Organisation (WHO), against which development of new antibiotics is vital. It not only results in prolonged hospital stays but also higher medical costs and higher mortality. Therefore, new antimicrobials need to be developed to battle the rapidly evolving pathogens. Plants are known to synthesize an array of secondary metabolites referred as phytochemicals that have disease prevention properties. Potential efficacy and minimum to no side effects are the key advantages of plant-derived products, making them suitable choices for medical treatments. Hence, this review attempts to highlight and discuss the application of plant-derived compounds and extracts against ESKAPE Pathogens.

Mentat, a polyherbal psychotropic preparation, is mostly used for its memory enhancing property. Only limited studies established that mentat possesses sleep promoting property. The present study was carried out to evaluate sleep promoting property of mentat in animal models of diazepam induced sleeping time. Sleep promoting effect of mentat was assessed in three groups of rats (n=6). The animals were treated orally (p.o.) with 300 and 600 mg/kg of mentat one hour before administering diazepam intraperitoneally (i.p). Sleep latency and total sleep time were used as parameters for evaluation. Mentat exhibits dose dependent sleep promoting effect in diazepam induced sleeping time. Sleep promoting effect of mentat in combination with GABAergic drug diazepam, suggested that these drugs have common mechanism in sleep promoting effect and could be used along with other GABAergic hypnotics in treatment of insomnia, so that we can reduce the dose of hypnotics. Mentat can be used for the treatment of sleep and sleep related disorders.

Synthesis and anti-mycobacterial activity of some novel derivatives of anacardic acid viz., 2-Ethoxy-6-pentadecyl benzamide (APHK-1), 1-(2-methoxy-6-pentadecylbenzyl)-4-hydroxy ethylpiperazine (APHK-2), 1-(2-hydroxy-6-pentadecyl)- N- (hydroxyl ethylaminoethyl) benzamide (APHK-3) and compounds 20-34 from saturated anacardic acid which was obtained from natural product cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is reported. Anti-mycobacterial activity was performed using Mycobaterium smegmatis mc(2) 155, taking anacardic acid and ethambutol as standards. Of all the derivatives, 1-(2-hydroxy-6-pentadecyl)-N-(hydroxyethylaminoethyl) benzamide exhibited good anti-mycobacterial activity.

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial property of crude, aqueous and organic solvent extract from leaf, stem and root parts of two different var. of Catharanthus roseus (i.e. “rosea” and “alba”) under in vitro conditions on various human pathogenic bacteria. Methods: Antibacterial activity of crude (fresh), aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic and equimolar (1:1) mixture of ethanolic dried leaf extract of variety “rosea” and “alba” was evaluated against various pathogenic bacteria viz. Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by disk diffusion method under in vitro conditions. Results: Gram-positive bacteria were found to be more susceptible than Gram-negative. Dried extracts of root, stem and leaf of C. roseus var. “rosea” and “alba” plants showed maximum antibacterial potency against all the test microorganisms. The equimolar mixture of ethanolic dried leaf extracts of species “rosea” and “alba” exhibited the maximum zone of inhibition against B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus as compare to extract prepared from individual parts. The findings of the ethanolic mixture of dried leaves of the two varieties on the tested bactera confirm that the effect is potentiating which may be synergistic or additive. Conclusion: From the findings, it could be inferred that C. roseus var. “rosea” and “alba” could be efficiently used in the development of new lifesaving drugs against bacterial pathogens.

The clinical success of the applicability of tea polyphenols awaits efficient systemic delivery and bioavailability. Herein, following the concept of nanochemoprevention, which uses nanotechnology for enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs, we employed tea polyphenols, namely theaflavin (TF) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) encapsulated in a biodegradable nanoparticulate formulation based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) with approximately 26% and 18% encapsulation efficiency, respectively. It was observed that TF/EGCG encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) offered an up to ~7-fold dose advantage when compared with bulk TF/EGCG in terms of exerting its antiproliferative effects and also enhanced the anticancer potential of cisplatin (CDDP) in A549 (lung carcinoma), HeLa (cervical carcinoma), and THP-1 (acute monocytic leukemia) cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that TF/EGCG-NPs were more efficient than bulk TF/EGCG in sensitizing A549 cells to CDDP-induced apoptosis, with a dose advantage of up to 20-fold. Further, TF/EGCG-NPs, alone or in combination with CDDP, were more effective in inhibiting NF-κB activation and in suppressing the expression of cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and vascular endothelial growth factor, involved in cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, respectively. EGCG and TF-NPs were also found to be more effective than bulk TF/EGCG in inducing the cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and Bax/Bcl2 ratio in favor of apoptosis. Further, in vivo evaluation of these NPs in combination with CDDP showed an increase in life span (P<0.05) in mice bearing Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma cells, with apparent regression of tumor volume in comparison with mice treated with bulk doses with CDDP. These results indicate that EGCG and TF-NPs have superior cancer chemosensitization activity when compared with bulk TF/EGCG.

We describe here an efficient strategy that employs whole-cell-based screening and further short listing of the compounds by cytotoxicity-and fluorescence-based intracellular assays, resulting in potential bactericidal hits against the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in broth culture as well as in phagosomes. These compounds also inhibited multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis but showed no or poor inhibition of nonpathogenic mycobacteria or other bacterial species such as Escherichia coli.

The condensation reaction of chloroacetic acid and thiourea derivatives were carried out with gold nanoparticles in water to afford thiazolidine-2,4-dione (TZD) and its analogues, in shorter times with higher yields is described. Well characterized gold nanoparticles shows remarkable activity.

4,5-Diaminochrysazin was prepared from chrysazin by ethylation and nitration followed by reaction with hydroiodic acid (HI). Treatment of 1,8-diethoxy-4,5-dinitroanthraquinone with HI resulted not only in O-deethylation, but also in reduction of nitro groups with more than 95% yield. This is a unique finding and is reported for the first time with a definite improvement over literature methods and is suitable for scale-up.