There was an investigation regarding, Effect of seed soaking treatments on growth, yield and quality of baby corn (Zea mays L.) at farm of the Horticulture Polytechnic, ACH, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India during the summer of 2023 on var. GAYMH-1. The experiment had a randomized block design (RBD) and included seven different treatments, including, T1: 6-Benzyl adenine (Cytokinin) 50 ppm; T2: GA3100 ppm; T3: PBZ 50 ppm; T4: Mepiquat Chloride 100 ppm; T5: CCC 100 ppm; T6: NAA 50 ppm and T7: control (Water soaked). On the one day before sowing, seeds were soaked with all the treatments for 24 hours and kept in the shade for 3 hours. Among treatments, seeds soaked in GA3 100 ppm (T2) reached 50% germination one day earlier than the control with the highest germination percentage (93.03%). The highest plant height (77.17 cm, 211.20 cm, and 220.13 cm at 30, 60DAS, and at last picking, respectively), was recorded with NAA 50 ppm (T6) and it attained 50% silking in 57.67 days which was 0.33 days earlier than control. Effect of seed soaking treatments of NAA 50 ppm (T6) was detected in getting a higher number of cobs plant-1 (2.40), length of cob (13.50 cm), cob girth (4.84 cm), the diameter of cob (14.51 mm), average weight of cob (84.980 g with husk and 20.213 g without husk), yield of cob plant-1 (150.545 g with husk and 41.567 g without husk), cob yield ha-1 (12.144 t with husk and 2.716 t without husk) and green fodder yield (36.111 t ha-1 ). The fresh weight basis were used to analyze the qualitative parameters of the cobs and obtained the highest protein (26.71 mg g-1 ) and reducing sugar (1.82%) content with GA3 100 ppm (T2). However, higher total sugar (3.93%) and (2.04%) content was obtained with NAA 50 ppm (T6).

Aims: To study the different levels of doses and time applications of topramezone on weed, growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Bihar. Place and Duration of Study: Agronomy research farm of Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur (Bihar), during the rabi 2020-21. Methodology: The experiment was carried out in an RBD design with three replications and ten treatments: topramezone (20.6 and 25.7 g/ha) applied at 14, 21, and 28 DAS, and quizalofop-p-ethyl (100 g/ha) applied at 25 DAS as post-emergence (PoE), pre-emergence (PE) application of valor 1000 g/ha + one hand weeding (HW) at 30 DAS, weed-free control (WFC), and weedy check. Results: PE application of valor 1000 g/ha + one HW 30 DAS recorded maximum plant height, number of branches/plants, plant dry matter, seed and straw yield while registered lowest weed dry weight and WCE as compared to all other herbicide treatments. Among all PoE-treated treatments, spray of topramezone (25.7 g/ha) after 21 days of sowing recorded maximum of all these growth parameters at harvest and lowest weed dry matter and highest WCE as compared to other PoE applications.

The application of mulching practices reduces soil evaporation, conserves soil moisture, suppresses weed growth, controls soil structure and temperature, influences soil micro-organisms, and is aesthetically pleasing. This study has reviewed, which described the effects of various mulching materials and methods on soil and environment that influence crop productivity. This paper describes the extent of influence of different mulching materials and methods on the hydrothermal environment of soils. It is imperative to know the processes that control soil environments under various mulching conditions and the effects of mulching materials on crop yield, productivity and water use efficiency. Plastic mulching materials also have a greater importance to control soil environment and increase crop yield. Organic mulching materials are inexpensive and environment friendly. The selection of an appropriate mulching material is, however, guided by crop type, crop management practices and climatic conditions. Future research is needed on the effects of low-cost biodegradable mulching materials on microclimate modifications, soil biota, soil fertility, crop growth and crop yields.

A field trial was conducted during winter cycle of November to April 2022-23 at Farming system research station, College of Agriculture, JAU, Junagadh to study the effect of irrigation and sowing method on alfalfa. The treatments given were: I1: 0.6 IW/CPE, I2: 0.8 IW/CPE, I3: IW/CPE ratios and two sowing methods, M1: Line sowing and M2: Broadcast. The combination of treatments were tested in split plot design with three replications. The experimental field was heavily infested with mixed flora of sedge, grasses and broad-leaved weeds, viz. cypers rotundus L., Echinocoloa coloa L., Chinopodium album L., Chinopodium murale L., Digera arvensis L., Commelina benghalensis L., Cleome viscose L., Euphorbia spp. L. Results showed that the irrigation scheduling and sowing method had significant effect on the weed density and dry weight of weed during the study. Significantly higher weed density and dry weight of weed was obtained with broadcasting as compared to line sowing at 25 cm apart.

Humans' haphazard activities have increased stress on nature, resulting in local, regional, and global issues such as pollution, loss of natural resources and biodiversity, Global Warming, Climate Change, and Ozone Layer depletion, all of which have an adverse effect on health and security of food.Environmental deterioration and substantial and persistent impediments to sustainable development are caused by changing drivers such as population expansion, economic activities, and consumption habits.Environment education is a key step that helps people to know about the significance of the environment and its benefits for living beings as well atmosphere also.Environmental policies are the framework for the revolutionary and optimistic change for the understanding of the importance of environmental health and their valuable resources for the future generation.Educational institutions (schools, colleges, universities) are the source point of environmental education policies, their awareness and implementation among students and other people towards protection and sustainable development to achieve a circular economy.Thus, the study aims to fill the gap in research and assessment by critically analysing the system of environmental education at different levels.It would bridge the gap in research for policymakers and society to execute their franchise for environmental conservation and sustainable development by highlighting the difficulties in environmental education with authentic evidence.

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2021-22 at organic farm, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, to study the effect of different organic nutrient sources on rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. The Factor-A comprised of soil application (S), i.e. S1, 100% RDN through NADEP compost, S2, 80% RDN through NADEP compost along with Azospirillium and PSB @ 2 l/ha each, S3, 60% RDN through NADEP compost along with Azospirillium and PSB @ 2 l/ha each and S4, Ghan-jivamrut @ 500 kg/ha + Jivamrut @ 500 l/ha, and Factor-B comprised of foliar application (F), i.e. F0, control, F1, Novel Organic liquid nutrient @ 1% and F2, Moringa leaf extract @ 3%, with 12 treatment combinations of soil and foliar application with organic rice variety ‘GNR-7’. The results indicated that, application of 80% RDN through NADEP compost along with Azospirillium and PSB @ 2 l/ha each recorded significantly higher organic carbon (80%), available K2O (520.1 kg/ha), bacterial count (159.3×10-5 cfu/g), Actinomycetes count (39.8×10-3 cfu/g) and straw yield (5442 kg/ha) than the S4, but it was statistically similar with S1. Application of 100% RDN through NADEP compost recorded significantly higher available N (269.7 kg/ha) and grain yield (3749 kg/ha) over the S4, but it was found at par with S2. In case of foliar application F2, Moringa leaf extract @ 3% produce numerically maximum organic carbon (0.79%), available K2O (518.3 kg/ha), bacterial count (156.9×10-5 cfu/g), Fungal count (12.3×10-3 cfu/g) and (Actinomycetes count (39.0×10-3 cfu/g), it also ensured significantly higher grain (3312 kg/ha) and straw yield (5265 kg/ha). Application of Novel Organic liquid nutrient 1% produce numerically maximum available P2O5 (61.0 kg/ha). On the basis of results, it can be concluded that the application of 80% RDN through NADEP compost along with Azospirillium and PSB @ 2 l/ha each before transplanting and foliar application with either 3% Moringa leaf extract or 1% Novel Organic liquid nutrient at 15, 30 and 45 days after transplanting may be improved physical and chemical properties of soil, available macronutrients, and organic carbon after harvest may be due to the effect of manures like NADEP compost combined with biofertilizer, which significantly improved physical and chemical properties of soil, available macronutrients, and organic carbon as well as yield compared to manure application alone.

An experiment was conducted to study the “Effect of seed priming on germination and seed quality parameters of lentil” (Lens culinaris Medic.) in the Seed Testing Laboratory of Department of Seed Science and Technology, C. S. Azad university of Agriculture and Technology, on lentil variety KLS218. The experiment was comprised ten seed priming treatments viz., T0Control, T1Seed priming with Trichoderma harzianum @ 1.5%, T2Seed priming with GA3 @ 50ppm, T3Seed priming with Vitavax power @ 0.25%, T4 Seed priming with GA3 @ 50ppm + seed coating with Trichoderma harzianum @ 15g/kg seed, T5Seed treatment with Bavistin @ 3g/kg seed, T6Seed priming with sodium molybdate @ 500 ppm, T7Seed priming with sodium molybdate @ 500ppm + seed coating with Trichoderma harzianum @ 15 g/kg, T8Seed priming with water, T9Seed priming with leaf extract of Lantana camara @ 10%. The present investigation revealed that seed priming with sodium molybdate @ 500 ppm + seed coating with Trichoderma harzianum @ 15g/ kg seed was significantly highest performance to improved the germination and seed quality parameters with 1000 seed wt. (19.87g), germination (95.21%), seedling length (26.23cm.), seedling dry weight (0.125g.), seed vigour index-I (2497.50), seed vigour index-II (11.90), electrical conductivity (0.42) over control. Seed mycoflora (%) was recorded significantly lowest in T5 (Seed priming with Bavistin 3g/kg seed) i.e. 5.50 (%).

An experiment was conducted to study the “Effect of seed priming on growth and yield of lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) at New Dairy Farm, Kalyanpur, during Rabi season of 2016-17 & 2017-18 on lentil variety KLS-218. The experiment was comprised ten seed priming treatments viz., T0- Control, T1- Seed priming with Trichoderma harzianum @ 1.5%, T2- Seed priming with GA3 @ 50ppm, T3- Seed priming with Vitavax power @ 0.25%, T4 - Seed priming with GA3 @ 50ppm + seed coating with Trichoderma harzianum @ 15g/kg seed, T5- Seed treatment with Bavistin @ 3g/kg seed, T6- Seed priming with sodium molybdate @ 500 ppm, T7- Seed priming with sodium molybdate @ 500ppm + seed coating with Trichoderma harzianum @ 15 g/kg, T8- Seed priming with water, T9- Seed priming with leaf extract of Lantana camara @ 10% .The present investigation revealed that seed priming with sodium molybdate @ 500 ppm + seed coating with T. harzianum @ 15g/ kg seed was significantly highest to improved the growth and seed yield parameters over unprimed (control) with highest field emergence (93.66%), number of plants per square meter (237.66), number of pods per plant (137.49), number of seeds per pod (1.81), seed yield per plot (1.22 Kg) & seed yield (12.20 q/ha). Treatment T7 was the best priming treatment as it showed highest benefit cost ratio (1:2.49) which increase growth, yield and seed quality parameters and enhance to the farmer’s income. T1 (seed priming with Trichoderma harzianum @ 1.5%) was found second best priming treatment.