Background: Xylitol, being a nonfermentable sugar alcohol, is recognized as having anticariogenic and antimicrobial effects. The purpose of this study was to compare xylitol dissolving tablets with xylitol chewing gum to determine their relative effectiveness on plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and salivary bacterial count for 30 days. Materials and Methods: A double-blind, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial was conducted at Vedic Vanaprastha Ashram, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, a residential facility for elderly citizens. A total of 96 healthy adults aged 60 years and above were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 received xylitol chewing gum, and Group 2 received xylitol dissolving tablets, each consumed three times daily for 30 days. Clinical evaluation for PI, GI, and salivary bacterial count was done at baseline and day 30. Statistical analysis was done using paired t-tests and independent t-tests. Results: Both groups had significant intragroup decreases in PI and GI (P < 0.001). The dissolving tablet group had a larger decrease in PI (mean change 1.03 ± 0.38) than the chewing gum group (mean change 0.65 ± 0.59) with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). GI decreases were seen in both groups without any significant intergroup difference (P = 0.341). Salivary bacterial counts reduced significantly in both groups (P < 0.001), without any intergroup difference (P = 0.784). Conclusion: Both xylitol chewing gum and dissolving tablets were effective in reducing gingival inflammation and salivary bacterial counts, while dissolving tablets showed superior efficacy in reducing plaque levels.

Background: Post-endodontic pain and inflammation remain common complications following root canal therapy, often leading to patient discomfort and increased analgesic consumption. Corticosteroids have been widely used to modulate inflammatory responses; however, the comparative effectiveness of locally administered versus systemically administered corticosteroids in endodontic pain control remains inadequately explored. Methods: This randomized, parallel-group clinical study included 90 patients undergoing single-visit root canal treatment for symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Participants were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 30 each): Group A received local intracanal dexamethasone (4 mg), Group B received oral dexamethasone (8 mg single dose), and Group C served as the control group receiving no corticosteroid therapy. Postoperative pain intensity was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 6, 24, and 48 hours. Inflammatory response was evaluated using facial swelling measurements and rescue analgesic consumption. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and repeated-measures ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey tests. Results: Mean VAS pain scores at 24 hours were significantly lower in Group A (2.1 ± 0.9) compared to Group B (3.4 ± 1.1) and Group C (5.2 ± 1.3) (P < 0.001). Facial swelling was minimal in the local corticosteroid group (0.6 ± 0.3 mm) compared to systemic (1.2 ± 0.4 mm) and control groups (2.1 ± 0.5 mm). Rescue analgesic use was required in 16.7% of Group A, 33.3% of Group B, and 70% of Group C patients (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Local intracanal corticosteroid therapy demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing post-endodontic pain and inflammation compared to systemic administration, with fewer systemic effects.

Background: Local drug delivery (LDD) systems have gained prominence in periodontal therapy due to their ability to achieve high drug concentrations at diseased sites while minimizing systemic adverse effects. Sustained-release formulations may further enhance therapeutic efficacy by prolonging drug bioavailability within periodontal pockets. Methods: This combined in-vitro–in-vivo experimental study evaluated a novel biodegradable sustained-release LDD system containing doxycycline hyclate. In-vitro analysis assessed drug release kinetics, antibacterial efficacy, and biocompatibility. In-vivo evaluation involved 60 patients with chronic periodontitis randomly allocated to three groups: Group I (scaling and root planing [SRP] + sustained-release doxycycline gel), Group II (SRP + conventional doxycycline gel), and Group III (SRP alone). Clinical parameters, including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival index (GI), were recorded at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months. Results: In-vitro testing demonstrated sustained drug release up to 14 days with a cumulative release of 92.6 ± 3.1%. Group I showed significantly greater reductions in PPD (3.1 ± 0.6 mm) and CAL gain (2.8 ± 0.5 mm) at 3 months compared with Group II and Group III (P < 0.001). Microbial reduction was highest in Group I (78.4%). Conclusion: The novel sustained-release LDD system demonstrated superior in-vitro release characteristics and enhanced clinical outcomes when used as an adjunct to SRP, supporting its potential role in advanced periodontal therapy.

Background: Cosmetic dentistry, also known as dental esthetics, focuses on enhancing the appearance of teeth, gums, and overall smile. Procedures such as tooth whitening, orthodontics, veneers, dental implants, and gum contouring aim to improve dental appearance, thereby boosting an individual’s self-confidence and quality of life. Objectives: The study aimed to assess perceived satisfaction with dental appearance, evaluate oral health status, and explore the relationship between dental esthetics, psychological well-being, and self-confidence. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, involving 1500 participants aged 18 to 35 years. Methods: The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire [PIDAQ] and World Health Organization [WHO] Oral Health Assessment Form (2013) were used for evaluation. Informed consent was obtained and data was collected. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences [SPSS] 26.0 Software, and the Pearson Chi square test to analyse statistical significance. Results: Of the 1500 participants, 732 (48.8%) were male and 768 (51.2%) female. Results showed that 508 (33.87%) individuals were highly satisfied, 654 (43.6%) satisfied, and 338 (22.53%) dissatisfied with their smile. A significant association was found between gender and smile satisfaction, with females reporting higher levels of concern. Tooth color was the leading cause of dissatisfaction, followed by teeth alignment. Conclusions: The study concludes that dental esthetics and oral health have a significant impact on individuals’ attitudes, psychological wellbeing, and dental self-confidence. Poor dental appearance, especially due to caries and missing teeth, contributes to low self-esteem and increased anxiety. Improving dental esthetics is essential for enhancing both mental health and social confidence in young adults.

Background The basic knowledge people have about different specialties of dental medicine falls short of what is necessary to achieve complete well-being. The public's insufficient knowledge and misconceptions about specific dental specializations often prevent individuals from seeking appropriate professional treatment. This research evaluated components of dental care awareness among residents of Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, through a population-based survey that explored the relationships between awareness levels and factors such as educational qualification, gender, residential setting, and dental care history. Materials and methods Researchers conducted a survey involving 300 participants residing in various areas of Ghaziabad, including rural, suburban, and urban regions. A pre-validated structured questionnaire was used to collect information on demographics, dental treatment history, and recognition of eight dental specialties. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v23 to examine the relationships between independent variables and awareness levels using Chi-square tests. Results The survey participants were predominantly literate, with 160 (52.8%) identifying as male. Teenagers studying in Ghaziabad demonstrated better recognition of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics (144; 47.5%), Orthodontics (128; 42.2%), and Oral Surgery (105; 34.3%) compared to other specialties like Public Health Dentistry (77; 25.4%) and Periodontology (88; 29.0%). Gender (p = 0.002), education level (p < 0.001), and number of dental visits (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with awareness levels, whereas type of residence (p = 0.476) showed no significant relationship. Treatment from MDS specialists was received by 145 (48.5%) participants, while general dentists treated 117 (38.9%) of the sample. Previous dental visits were reported by 188 (62.7%) of respondents, most of whom preferred private clinics for their treatment. Conclusion Despite relatively high literacy levels, the population of Ghaziabad demonstrates poor awareness of dental specialties. Individuals with higher educational attainment and frequent dental visits exhibited better understanding of specialized dental services. There is a pressing need for targeted educational programs and public health initiatives to improve awareness of dental specialties and enhance access to appropriate dental care.

Traumatic dental injures shows a serious impact on oral health and its incidences are increasing significantly over time. Permanent anterior teeth commonly affected. Study focused on prevalence of dental trauma among 12-15 years old school going children of Ghaziabad and assess risk factors related to traumatic injuries. A cross sectional study carried out by using a structured questionnaire and clinical examination to collect data from 323 subjects with a history of dental injury. Results revealed that prevalence of traumatic injuries found higher and on the whole, it was more in girls when compared to boys. Most common etiology of trauma being inability to recollects the incident. There is a need to enhance the understanding and awareness of the prevention of traumatic injuries.

Background: Plaque on the teeth is encouraged to form by a variety of chemicals produced by the two types of bacteria that are present in dental biofilms. The main cause and driver of the development of oral diseases is plaque from the teeth. Aims and Objectives: To assess and compare the impacts of alum mouthwash, alkaline solution, and herbal mouthwash on plaque prevention in Youth. Materials and Methods: Ninety-nine healthy youngsters between the ages of 9 and 12 were recruited for the study and split into three groups with 33 participants each: Groups I, II, and III utilized mouthwash that contained alum (0.02 M), saline solution, and herbal mouthwash, respectively. For 30 days, every participant cleaned their mouth twice a day. Every participant’s plaque index score was recorded on the 1st, 15th, and 30th days of the trial. Results: Comparing the alum group (Group I) and the herbal group (Group III) to the saline group (Group II), there was a noticeable decrease in plaque at the 1st, 15th, and 30th days. Conclusions: The components in the herbal group (Group III) and alum group (Group I) showed efficacy in preventing the development of plaque, suggesting a potential use as a substitute for antibacterial mouthwash.

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that may contribute to respiratory illnesses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumonia and bronchitis. This case-control study of 664 participants assessed the association between periodontal and respiratory health using WHO 2013 criteria for periodontal evaluation, spirometry for respiratory assessment and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 for quality of life. The mean age of participants was 45.51 years, with males predominating and patients with respiratory disorders showed significantly poorer periodontal status than controls. The worst periodontal health was observed among patients with COPD. A significant correlation between periodontitis and COPD was found, emphasizing the need for risk factor evaluation, patient education and preventive intervention strategies.

Objective:To provide significant insights into the incidence rates, severity levels, and possible risk factors related with dental fluorosis to promote evidence-based public health measures. Materials and Methods:A stratified sampling technique will be conducted on the adolescent patients (12-15 years) attending school in Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh. A sample of 672 students from different schools will be selected for the survey. An informed consent in writing will be collected from the children's parents those who are willing to participate in the study. Results:The prevalence of fluorosis among sample of 672 individuals reveals that 14.5% exhibit normal Fluorosis Index (FI), while 15.5% exhibit questionable FI, 17% have very mild FI, 23.5% accounts for mild FI, 14.5% exhibit moderate FI, while 15% exhibit severe FI.

The effect of Curcumin gel and Triamcinolone Acetonide gel to cure tiny recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is of interest. Hence, 60 patients in groups divided evenly between 18 and 40 years old are observed for seven days the research showed that both treatments reduced pain, ulcer size and healing time of wounds significantly. But Curcumin gel had a slight edge with fewer side effects. Results of the tests found faster healing and better patient satisfaction in the Curcumin group. Thus, we show the demonstration that Curcumin gel is a safer and more effective alternative to Triamcinolone Acetonide gel for treating minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Primary intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a rare malignancy originating from minor or ectopic salivary gland tissue within the jawbones, presenting diagnostic challenges, especially in young patients. This article is aimed at oral and maxillofacial radiologists, surgeons, oncologists, and dental practitioners who encounter such cases, highlighting the importance of early recognition for effective treatment planning.

Background: Childhood is alluring phase of everybody’s life. Sugar intake play an key role in dental caries. Childhood obesity leads to adolescent obesity if we do not change the habits and the lifestyle of a child. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between overweight/obesity status, sugar consumption and dental caries among 12–15-year-old school children of Moradabad city. Setting and Design: The cross-sectional study was undertaken in various schools of Moradabad city using random sampling. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on the 600 school-going kids of 12–15-year of the Moradabad city. Questionnaire was given to the school-going children to record their sugar consumption and their oral hygiene practice to record dentition status World Health Organization Oral health Assessment form for Children, 2013 was used. Intra-examiner variability was controlled by calibration of investigator before conducting the examination. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 20 (IBM software released since 2015). ANOVA, post hoc test was used. Results: Examination of 600 school-going kids was done. It was found that boys were more likely to have caries as compared to girls (Odds ratio [OR] =1.92, confidence interval [CI] =1.15–3.45). Similarly, overweight / obese children had 3.54 times higher chance of having carious than low/normal-weight children (CI = 1.83–7.26). Children with more than once a day sugar consumption had higher chance of caries than who consumed once per day (OR = 3.23, CI = 1.20–7.92). Conclusion: There was a significant association between overweight / obesity and caries experience among school children of 12–15 years of Moradabad city. Obesity and dental caries have common risk determinants and require a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to pediatric patients by both medical and dental healthcare professionals.

Background: Tobacco use poses severe health risks globally, affecting both young people and adults. It is highly addictive and a major contributor to various diseases, including cancer. This research at Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre (TMDC and RC), Moradabad, focused on participants aged 35–44, highlighting the urgent need to address tobacco-related issues for public health and economic well-being. Aim: This study assesses the occurrence of smokers and smokeless tobacco and analyzes its correlation with the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among participants. Materials and Methods: A prevalence study was substantiated at TMDC and RC, Moradabad, involving 640 participants aged between 35 and 44 years. Informed assent was obtained from all participants. Sociodemographic information was collected, and their oral mucous lesions were assessed using the World Health Organization form. In addition, participants completed a validated Hindi version of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire to evaluate their OHRQoL. Results: The study revealed a higher prevalence of tobacco usage among males compared to females. Furthermore, the prevalence of smoking was established to be greater than that of smokeless tobacco. Consequently, a statistically apparent association was recognized between smokers and their OHRQoL, as well as between users of smokeless tobacco and their OHRQoL. However, no association was established between smokers, smokeless tobacco users, and OHRQoL when considering the significance value. Conclusion: The study indicates that individuals aged 35–44 years who use either smoked or smokeless tobacco experience similar impacts on their OHRQoL. Encouraging regular dental examinations, facilitating access to tobacco cessation programs, and extending support for individuals to sustain tobacco-free lifestyles are indispensable strategies for amplifying oral health outcomes besides the overall quality of life among individuals aged 35–44.

Aim : The objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation between tobacco consumption and levels of exhaled carbon monoxide. Material and Methods : To conduct the literature review, multiple databases and sources were utilized. The search was conducted using MeSH Terms related to tobacco and exhaled carbon monoxide. Initially, 421 titles were identified from these sources, and after screening, 118 records were examined, resulting in 25 research-related articles. The review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews to ensure a standardized and rigorous approach to the evaluation of the selected studies. Results: Six randomized controlled trials were incorporated in the analysis, aiming to compare the association between tobacco consumption and exhaled carbon monoxide levels. The findings from all six trials consistently demonstrated a significant correlation between these two variables. Conclusion: To sum up, the analysis of research publications focusing on tobacco consumption and exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) levels yields valuable insights regarding the correlation between smoking behavior, CO levels, and the associated health implications. This body of literature enhances our understanding of the relationship between smoke & implications on well being, shedding light on the potential risks and consequences of tobacco use. Clinical Significance: Gaining a deeper understanding of these relationships can play a significant role in developing impactful strategies for smoking cessation. Furthermore, it can help raise awareness about the detrimental effects of tobacco smoke and emphasize the importance of reducing tobacco consumption. By leveraging this knowledge, we can work towards implementing effective interventions and public health campaigns aimed at promoting smoking cessation and improving overall population health. KEYWORDS : Smoking cessation, tobacco, carbon monoxide

Dementia is a growing global health concern, with significant social and economic implications. As the search for preventive strategies intensifies, recent studies have investigated the potential association between oral health, particularly flossing, and the risk of developing dementia. This review aims to critically analyze the existing evidence and explore potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between flossing and dementia. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the potential association. Poor oral health, including chronic periodontal disease and dental plaque accumulation, can lead to systemic inflammation and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in the brain. Additionally, oral bacteria and their byproducts may enter the bloodstream and reach the brain, triggering immune responses and neurotoxicity. Flossing may help reduce oral bacteria and inflammation, thereby mitigating these potential pathways. Additionally, investigations focusing on the underlying mechanisms are crucial to understanding the potential pathways involved. Promoting good oral hygiene practices, including flossing, alongside comprehensive oral care, may have broader implications for brain health and cognitive well-being.

Aim: This study aims to compare audio-visual and verbal education on the Oral Health status of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Patients attending a Hospital in Moradabad. Materials and Methods: The current longitudinal interventional study was conducted to check the efficiency of audio-visual and verbal education on the Oral Health status of DM Patients attending a Hospital in Moradabad, U. P., India. The World Health Organization Oral Health Pro forma 1997 was used to collect information regarding the Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of the DM patients. After collecting the initial baseline data, the sample was divided into two groups verbal education group (n = 1030) and audio-visual education group (n = 1030). Then, oral health education (OHE) was provided verbally to Group I patients and OHE with audio-visual aids was given to Group II patients visiting Teerthanker Mahaveer Hospital. OHE was repeated after each 2 months. At every 6, 12, and 18 months, clinical examination was repeated to evaluate the effectiveness of OHE. Inspection will be conducted under natural daylight on Hospital premises. Results: A total of 1926 patients attended all the follow-up and review examination. Subject dropout for Group I was 2% with 1009 at 6th month; 3% with 978 at 12th month; and 1% with 967 at 18th month. The subject dropout rate for Group II was 3% with 999 at 6th month; 0% with 999 at 12th month; and 4% with 959 at 18th month. The difference in subject dropout among the groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.23). After 18 months, the number of Type I and Type II DM patients with bleeding, calculus, and pockets was further reduced to 115, 114, and 29, respectively in verbal education group while it reduced to 96, 89, and 16, respectively, in audio-visual education group. The result was found to be statistically significant. At the end of 18 months, the number of Type I and Type II DM patients with decayed teeth were reduced to 486 in verbal education group while it was reduced to 421 in audio-visual education group. The result was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: A main part of oral disease prevention is done by use of personal oral hygiene measures and maintaining oral hygiene. It is the duty of dental professionals to motivate, demonstrate and instruct patients to maintain appropriate oral health and oral hygiene.

Too much consumption of fluoride during tooth formation causes the disorder known as dental fluorosis, leading to changes in their appearance and structure. The severity of dental fluorosis is typically classified into different stages based on the visual appearance of the teeth. Mild cases of dental fluorosis may not require any treatment, and the condition may improve over time as the enamel continues to mineralize. In more severe cases, treatment options include teeth whitening, dental bonding, veneers, and crowns. While treatment can improve the appearance of the teeth, it cannot reverse the damage that has already occurred to the enamel surface. Therefore, it is important to take steps to prevent further damage by monitoring fluoride intake and practicing good oral hygiene. Regular dental checkups and cleanings can also help to identify and manage any issues related to dental fluorosis. Overall, dental fluorosis is a cosmetic issue which has got nothing to do with functional changes related to a tooth and appropriate treatment can help to improve the appearance of the affected teeth. In this article we will see various aspects of dealing with dental fluorosis right from its etiology to management.

Introduction: It is important to understand how a very common prevalent condition of tooth wear (TW) impacts a person’s day-to-day oral health. An emerging concept of measuring the parameter of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), which evidently impacts the daily living of a person, makes it practical to examine the correlation between TW and OHRQoL. For measuring the OHRQoL, we can apply various methods, and the most effective is the use of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) questionnaire. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess the correlation between TW and the OHRQoL among adult patients attending a dental college and hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional research was performed on patients who visited the outpatient department of Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, India. Initially, the sociodemographic details of patients, including their oral hygiene and dietary habits, were recorded. This step was followed by the assessment of TW using the Smith and Knight TW index. Then, the translated and validated version of the OHIP questionnaire was filled up, in which the patients were asked to rate each question on a Likert scale, with five points ranging from 0 to 4, where 0 = never, 1 = hardly ever, 2 = occasionally, 3 = fairly often, and 4 = very often. Results: Based on a clinical examination on 630 subjects and the OHIP questionnaire responses from the participants, a significantly remarkable association (p ≤ 0.05) was found using a chi-square test between TW and the OHRQoL. In particular, TW was linked to other sociodemographic data and various lifestyle, dietary, and drinking habits. Along with the OHRQoL, TW also showed a positive correlation with gender. Using the chi-square test, a statistically significant association between age and TW was observed, with p-value = 0.004. Meanwhile, the place of residence did not show any association with TW. Educational qualifications of patients, visits to dental clinics, and reasons for dental visits showed very significant association with TW. Oral hygiene aids, materials used, frequency of brushing, and brushing technique did not have any association with TW as per the results obtained. A highly significant association was found between consumption of fruit drinks, citric drinks, and beverages and TW in the adult patients. Among all the domains of the OHIP questionnaire, the physical pain domain was the most affected, followed by the physical disability domain. Conclusion: We conclude that TW has a direct association and positive correlation with the OHRQoL. As TW was increasing, so were the OHIP values, which indicated a lesser OHRQoL. The study also presents information on how to maintain a regular and healthy dietary lifestyle and oral hygiene to combat the impacts of TW.