This study represents the first investigation employing 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), multi-marker analysis of genomic annotation (MAGMA), Metascape, and the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) plotter database to elucidate the causal relationship between immune cells (ICs) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative breast cancer (HER2-BC). The findings provide genetic evidence supporting the association between ICs and HER2-BC risk. The 2-sample data for the Mendelian randomization study were sourced from public databases. In this study, ICs were selected as the exposure factor, and HER2-BC was taken as the outcome factor. MR analysis was conducted on the causal relationship between ICs and HER2-BC by using various regression models. Gene-based analysis was carried out through MAGMA, and the gene functions and pathway enrichments of the genes identified through Metascape analysis were explored. Finally, based on the K-M plotter database, the survival status of some ICs was analyzed. Among the 731 ICs, a total of 33 ICs were found to have a protective effect on HER2-BC, while 17 ICs had an adverse effect. After false discovery rate-bonferroni (PFDR < .05) correction, we detected 2 risk immunophenotypes of HER2-BC: human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR on plasmacytoid DC, activated and secreting Treg %CD4+. A total of 38 genes were identified by MAGMA analysis. Metascape analysis revealed that the identified pleiotropic genes participated in negative regulation of cell migration, VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling pathways. The survival analysis based on K-M plotter found that when CD4, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRA, and ESR1 are highly expressed, the upper quartile survival rate of OS, RFS, and distant metastasis free survival is longer. This study showed that the immune response affects the progress of HER2-BC in a complex mode. These findings greatly improve our understanding of the interaction between immune response and HER2-BC risk, and also help to design therapeutic strategies for HER2-BC from the perspective of immunology.

BackgroundThyroid extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is an exceedingly rare malignancy, often coexisting with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Due to its nonspecific clinical presentation, it is frequently misdiagnosed. Here, we presented a complete diagnostic workup of a primary thyroid EMP patient, including imaging and comprehensive pathology. Furthermore, we have provided an in-depth literature review of this rare entity.Case presentationThis is a case of a 70-year-old woman who presented with a neck mass. A fine-needle aspiration before the surgery suggested HT, and intraoperative frozen section rapid pathology suspected medullary thyroid carcinoma. What surprised us was that postoperative immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of EMP. The patient had favorable outcomes at 6 months after completing the treatment course, which included surgical resection.ConclusionThyroid EMP is highly associated with HT, and many researchers hypothesize that its development may be linked to chronic antigenic stimulation within the inflammatory microenvironment of HT. Cytopathological diagnosis of thyroid EMP can mimic medullary thyroid carcinoma or lymphoma. Therefore, immunohistochemical analysis is mandatory for accurate differentiation. Generally, the prognosis of thyroid EMP is favorable, with recurrence and metastasis being relatively uncommon.

OBJECTIVE:This retrospective single-center study aimed to explore the discriminative potential of visible-near-infrared (400-1000 nm) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combined with a lightweight and interpretable deep-learning model for differentiating fibroadenoma (FA) from phyllodes tumor (PT). The approach also provides clinically relevant spectral evidence for pathology. METHODS:Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded(FFPE) sections from 215 patients (105 FA, 110 PT) were retrospectively collected between January 2023 and July 2025. Each one-dimensional reflectance spectrum underwent standardized preprocessing. A compact deep-learning framework (SpecNet) was developed using convolutional and attention modules to capture both local spectral variations and long-range dependencies. Five-fold cross-validation was performed within the dataset. External validation was not included due to the retrospective and exploratory design. For comparison, three baseline classifiers (1D-CNN, Transformer-SVM, and XGBoost) were evaluated. The main metric was AUC, along with Accuracy, Sensitivity, and Specificity. RESULTS:SpecNet achieved an AUC of 0.89, with accuracy 85.21 %, sensitivity 80.73 %, and specificity 87.45 %. It consistently outperformed baseline models. Spectral analysis identified 540-590 nm and 700-820 nm as key diagnostic regions, corresponding to hemoglobin absorption and near-infrared water scattering. CONCLUSION:SpecNet demonstrated robust differentiation between FA and PT using ex-vivo HSI data from a single institution. Although external and prospective validation are needed, the method shows potential for clinical applications such as biopsy triage and intraoperative margin assessment.

BackgroundBased on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, this study aims to explore signals of ocular-related adverse events associated with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6 inhibitors), providing a reference for clinical medication safety.MethodsData on ocular adverse events (OAEs) related to CDK4/6 inhibitors from the 1st quarter of 2015 to the 3rd quarter of 2024 were downloaded from the official website of the FAERS database. The ROR, PRR, and BCPNN methods were employed to evaluate the correlation between CDK4/6 inhibitors and OAEs. A disproportionality analysis was conducted to assess the risk of ocular toxicity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore influencing factors. Data processing, analysis and visualization were performed using R software.ResultsA total of 1974 OAEs reports were associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors, including 86 for Abemaciclib, 1,449 for Palbociclib, and 439 for Ribociclib. This study identified 66 OAEs signals related to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Myopia accounted for the highest proportion of serious cases (57.14%), while Glaucoma had the highest proportion of death cases (13.64%). There were 41 positive signals, among which Dark circles under eyes, Eye disorder, Cataract, and Blindness posed significant risks. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that Ribociclib showed higher ocular toxicity than Abemaciclib (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe current study supports concerns about the risk of OAEs when breast cancer patients use CDK4/6 inhibitors. Clinicians should raise awareness, conduct multidisciplinary assessments/management, and remind patients to pay attention to clinical symptoms. The potential differences among CDK4/6 inhibitors deserve further investigation.

BackgroundTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer, characterized by frequent recurrence, metastasis, and poor survival outcomes despite chemotherapy-based treatments. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms by which Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) modulates the tumor immune microenvironment in TNBC, utilizing CiteSpace and bioinformatics analysis.MethodsWe employed CiteSpace to analyze treatment hotspots and key TCM formulations, followed by bioinformatics analysis to identify the main active components, targets, associated pathways, and their clinical implications in TNBC treatment.ResultsCiteSpace analysis highlighted key TCM formulations, including Sanhuang Decoction. Network pharmacology identified major bioactive components such as Mutatochrome, Physcion diglucoside, Procyanidin B-5,3’-O-gallate, gallic acid-3-O-(6’-O-galloyl)-glucoside, and isomucronulatol-7,2’-di-O-glucosiole, with core targets including Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 (MAPK1), Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2), and Lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK). These targets were found to be involved in immune regulation, particularly the modulation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Additionally, core targets were associated with improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in TNBC patients.ConclusionThe therapeutic effects of TCM in TNBC primarily involve immune modulation within the tumor microenvironment, particularly through the regulation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells.

Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM), a clinically challenging inflammatory breast disease, is characterized by a high recurrence rate, strong invasiveness, and a trend of affecting younger individuals, posing significant challenges to patients and clinical practitioners. Its pathological processes involve the abnormal activation of multiple signaling pathways, including NF-κB, NLRP3, JAK/STAT, TLR, MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and Nrf2/HO-1. These pathways contribute to the disease's onset and progression by regulating inflammatory responses, immune reactions, and oxidative stress. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) demonstrates unique therapeutic value in the treatment of GLM by virtue of its multi-component and multi-target mechanisms. Through modulation of the aforementioned signaling pathways, TCM can effectively inhibit inflammatory cascades, regulate immune imbalance, and ameliorate oxidative stress, thereby reducing lesion size, shortening disease course, and lowering recurrence rates. This article systematically reviews the research progress on GLM-related signaling pathways and integrates the latest evidence on the interventional mechanisms of Chinese medicine, aiming to provide new insights for precision clinical treatment.

Breast cancer bone metastasis involves dynamic reprogramming of transcriptional networks and cellular homeostasis. Current primary treatment strategy relies on palliative care, and the search for effective therapeutic targets remains a critical challenge. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous non-coding RNA molecules, exert precise regulation of gene expression through sequence-specific binding to the 3′ UTR of target mRNAs. Accumulating evidence has established miRNAs as pivotal regulators of breast cancer and its metastatic bone disease. Depending on their target genes, individual miRNAs may function as oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs) or as tumor suppressor miRNAs (tsmiRs), and hold potential as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. This review systematically analyzes the regulatory mechanisms of critical miRNAs and their target genes in breast cancer bone metastasis, offering novel insights for early diagnosis and targeted therapeutic strategies.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy among women, and its incidence has steadily increased annually. Traditional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have limitations, prompting an urgent need to explore innovative strategies. Graphene possesses notable advantages, including strong biocompatibility, excellent biosafety, and effective active targeting, providing promising new avenues for BC treatment. This study aims to evaluate the current status and emerging trends of graphene applications in BC using bibliometric methods. Publications related to graphene and BC were retrieved from the Web of Science core collection, screened according to inclusion criteria, and analyzed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer for data analysis and visualization. A total of 1395 publications were included in this analysis. From 2010 to 2024, the number of publications increased significantly. China and Iran dominate research output in this field, with China contributing the highest number of publications, total citations, average citations per paper, and H-index. The Chinese Academy of Sciences and Duarte de Melo-Diogo are the most influential institution and author, respectively, while Biosensors and Bioelectronics are the most productive journal. Recent research hotspots include the use of graphene in photothermal therapy and biosensing for BC. This bibliometric analysis comprehensively summarizes the current application status and research hotspots of graphene in BC and identifies future application trends. These findings provide valuable insights into the utilization and development directions of graphene in BC.

CD8+ T-cell exhaustion has been identified as a significant contributor to immunosuppression and immune escape in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Dysfunction due to cell exhaustion is characterized by reduced effector capacity and sustained expression of inhibitory receptors (IRs). The factors contributing to CD8+ T-cell exhaustion are multifaceted, encompassing external influences such as the upregulation of IRs, reduction of effector cytokines, and internal changes within the immune cell, including transcriptomic alterations, epigenetic landscape remodeling, and metabolomic shifts. The impact of the altered TNBC tumor microenvironment (TME) on Tex is also a critical consideration. The production of exhausted CD8+ T-cells (CD8+ Tex) is positively correlated with poor prognosis and reduced response rates to immunotherapy in TNBC patients, underscoring the urgent need for the development of novel TNBC immunotherapeutic strategies that target the mechanisms of CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. This review delineates the dynamic trajectory of CD8+ T-cell exhaustion development in TNBC, provides an update on the latest research advancements in understanding its pathogenesis, and offers insights into potential immunotherapeutic strategies.

Background: The clinical selection of three CDK4/6 inhibitors presents a challenging issue, owing to the absence of distinct clinical case characteristics, biomarkers, and their comparable clinical benefits in progression-free survival and overall survival To inform clinical treatment decisions, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the adverse events associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy for hazard ratio+/HER2-breast cancer.Methods: We searched Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from their inception until 1 August 2022. The results were summarized narratively, and we assessed the methodological quality, reporting quality, and evidence quality of AEs by AMSTAR-2, PRISMA, and GRADE.Results: Our analysis included 24 meta-analyses systematic reviews that evaluated the quality of AEs in 13 cases of early breast cancer (EBC) and 158 cases of advanced breast cancer The addition of CDK4/6 inhibitors was found to significantly increase AEs of any grade and AEs of grade 3 or higher in early breast cancer, along with a significant increase in the risk of treatment discontinuation. In advanced breast cancer, high and moderate-quality evidence indicated that CDK4/6 inhibitors significantly increased AEs across all grades, including grade 3/4 AEs, leucopenia, grade 3/4 leucopenia, neutropenia, grade 3/4 neutropenia, anemia, grade 3/4 anemia, nausea, grade 3/4 constipation, fatigue, pyrexia, venous thromboembolism abdominal pain, and cough. However, they did not significantly elevate the incidence of grade 3/4 diarrhea. Subgroup analysis revealed that palbociclib primarily increased hematologic toxicity, particularly grade 3/4 neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Ribociclib was mainly associated with grade 3/4 neutropenia, prolonged QT interval, and alopecia. Abemaciclib was closely linked with diarrhea and elevated blood creatinine levels.Conclusion: The AEs associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors vary, necessitating individualized and precise clinical selection for optimal management. This approach should be based on the patient’s medical history and the distinct characteristics of different CDK4/6 inhibitors to improve the patient’s quality of life.Systematic Review Registration: [https://systematicreview.gov/], identifier [CRD42022350167]

Background The use of Cyclin-Dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors has profoundly changed the challenge of endocrine therapy (ET) resistance in hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2-negative (HER2−) breast cancer. However, there is currently no comprehensive evaluation of the evidence for the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors. We conducted an umbrella review to explore the impact of CDK4/6 inhibitor combined with ET on breast cancer by summarizing and assessing the meta-analysis (MA) and systematic review (SR) evidence. Methods Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to August 1st, 2022. Eligible studies were assessed for methodological quality, report quality, and evidence quality using the AMSTAR-2 scale, PRISMA 2020, and GRADE grading systems, respectively. We summarized all efficacy outcomes of CDK4/6 inhibitors for breast cancer and reported them in narrative form. Results Our study included 24 MAs and SRs. The strongest evidence demonstrated that CDK4/6 inhibitor combined with ET significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) in advanced breast cancer (ABC). A large body of moderate to high evidence showed a significant association between combination therapy and objective response rate (ORR), and clinical benefit response (CBR) benefit in ABC. Low evidence suggested some degree of benefit from combination therapy in second progression-free survival (PFS2) and time to subsequent chemotherapy (TTC) outcomes in ABC and invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) outcomes in early breast cancer. Conclusions Based on current evidence, CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with ET have great confidence in improving PFS, OS, ORR, and CBR outcomes in patients with ABC, which provides more rational and valid evidence-based medicine for CDK4/6 inhibitor promotion and clinical decision support.

Purpose:Granulomatous mastitis (GLM) is a rare and complex chronic inflammatory disease of the breast with an unknown cause and a tendency to recur. As medical science advances, the cause, treatment strategies, and comprehensive management of GLM have increasingly attracted widespread attention. The aim of this study is to assess the development trends and research focal points in the GLM field over the past 24 years using bibliometric analysis.Methods:Using GLM, Granulomatous mastitis (GM), Idiopathic granulomatous lobular mastitis (IGLM), and Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) as keywords, we retrieved publications related to GLM from 2000 to 2023 from the Web of Science, excluding articles irrelevant to this study. Citespace and VOSviewer were employed for data analysis and visualization.Results:A total of 347 publications were included in this analysis. Over the past 24 years, the number of publications has steadily increased, with Turkey being the leading contributor in terms of publications and citations. The University of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, and Istanbul University Cerrahpasa were the most influential institutions. The Breast Journal, Breast Care, and Journal of Investigative Surgery were the journals that published the most on this topic. The research primarily focused on the cause, differential diagnosis, treatment, and comprehensive management of GLM. Issues related to recurrence, hyperprolactinemia, and Corynebacterium emerged as current research hotspots.Conclusion:Our bibliometric study outlines the historical development of the GLM field and identifies recent research focuses and trends, which may aid researchers in identifying research hotspots and directions, thereby advancing the study of GLM.

目的 基于数据挖掘技术分析宋爱莉教授治疗乳腺癌骨转移的用药规律.方法 收集2019年6月至2022年6月山东中医药大学附属医院宋教授门诊及住院诊治的乳腺癌骨转移患者服用的中药处方,运用中医传承辅助平台[M]V2.5)分析其用药频次、药物功效、四气、五味、归经及用药规律.结果 筛选出中药处方145首,共涉及中药161味,用药频次居于前6味的是补骨脂、三七、枸杞子、黄芪、党参、莪术,药物类别以补肾、活血类药使用频率最高,药性以温、平为主,药味以甘、苦为主,归经以肝、脾、肾经为主,关联规则网络分析发现补骨脂、枸杞子、三七、白花蛇舌草、莪术、黄芪、党参、甘草、茯苓、当归10味药为宋教授治疗乳腺癌骨转移核心处方,基于熵聚类药物核心组合挖掘出潜在新方3个.结论 宋教授治疗乳腺癌骨转移以"补肾活血,益气养血"为核心治法,辅以化痰祛湿、理气、解毒抗癌等药物治疗.

Background Due to the small number of cases and few literature reports, the clinical treatment and prognosis of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast are not summarized, which will lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment and delay the patient’s condition. This study collected published case reports and analyzed the clinical characteristics of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast in order to provide reference for early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods We performed a search using the PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for publicly published case reports of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast and obtained basic information of the patients such as country, age, sex, onset site, surgical method, pathology, postoperative treatment, follow-up time, and outcome (Table 9 ). The data were analyzed using Statistical Product Service Solutions (SPSS). Results The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 52.79 years and the median age was 53 years. Breast masses were the main clinical manifestations, with the upper outer quadrant (53.42%) being the most common. The treatment for lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast is mainly surgery plus postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. According to the results of this study, the surgical method recommended modified radical mastectomy (46.59%). Lymph node metastasis was found in 50.60% of the patients at the time of the first diagnosis. Patients who received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy had the highest disease-free survival and overall survival. Conclusion Lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast has a short course of disease and early lymphatic or blood metastasis, and its prognosis is poor. In this study, we summarize the clinical and pathological characteristics to provide ideas for the early diagnosis and treatment of lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast.

目的 评价中药注射液防治化疗相关心脏毒性系统评价的报告质量、方法学质量和证据等级.方法 计算机检索PubMed、EMBase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、维普网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统数据库,时间限定为建库至 2022年 4月,搜集公开发表的关于中药注射液防治化疗相关心脏毒性的系统评价/meta分析的文章.采用PRISMA声明评价纳入研究的报告质量,AMSTAR2量表及GRADE分级评价系统评价方法学质量和证据等级.结果 共纳入 9篇文章,PRISMA评分为 13.5～23.0 分,在方案与注册、其他分析和资金来源等方面存在不足.AMSTAR2评价提示 1篇文献质量评级为极低级,3篇文献质量评级为低级,5篇文献质量评级为中级.GRADE证据质量分级从中级质量到极低级质量.结局指标共纳入 49个,其中11个为中级质量,10个为低级质量,28 个为极低级质量.结论 现有证据提示中药注射液防治化疗相关心脏毒性的系统评价方法学和证据质量较低,但疗效肯定,与单纯使用化疗药物或安慰剂比较,主要结局指标心电图异常发生率、左室射血分数提示中药注射液防治化疗相关心脏毒性均得到有效改善.

目的:基于数据挖掘及网络药理学总结中医药治疗男性乳房发育症的用药规律,探究核心药对的作用机制.方法:收集整理中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库中关于中医药治疗男性乳房发育症的文献,筛选并构建数据库;运用Excel 2010、IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0、IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0软件进行数据挖掘,分析研究用药规律;并利用网络药理学方法获取核心药对有效成分、构建网络图和相关作用通路;利用SwissDock数据库对主要有效成分和核心靶点进行对接验证.结果:共纳入中药处方68首,中药135种,药性以寒、温、平为主;药味以苦、辛、甘为主;使用频数大于等于10的药物共27种.其中柴胡的使用频数最高.综合关联规则、聚类分析的结果,柴胡—白芍为中医药治疗男性乳房发育的关键药对,其主要作用成分为槲皮素、山柰酚、β-谷甾醇等.关键靶点为雌激素受体1(Estrogen Receptor 1,ESR1)、孕酮受体(Progesterone Receptor,PGR)、细胞色素P4503A4酶(Cytochrome P450 Family 3 Subfamily A Member 4,CYP3A4)、血管内皮生长因子A(Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A,VEGFA)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1(Akt Serine/Threonine Kinase 1,AKT1)等.主要作用通路为类固醇激素生物合成通路、癌症通路、黏着斑信号通路、催乳素信号通路和PI3K-Akt信号通路等.分子对接结果显示,关键靶点与主要有效成分具有较好的结合活性.结论:男性乳房发育症以补肾疏肝为主要治法.方药以补虚药为核心,辅以化痰药,佐以活血理气药,其核心药对通过调控乳腺细胞增殖、血管生成、细胞凋亡等信号传导通路发挥作用.

目的 体外实验探究黄芪补肾活血汤通过HIF1α-Smad/Runx2/Osterix信号轴治疗乳腺癌骨转移的作用机制.方法 采用细胞增殖与毒性检测(CCK-8)法检测细胞活力,观察黄芪补肾活血汤(0、20、40 mg·mL-1)对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的增殖和活力的影响;迁移实验检测黄芪补肾活血汤对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7迁移水平的影响;Transwell实验检测黄芪补肾活血汤对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7侵袭水平的影响;流式细胞术检测黄芪补肾活血汤对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7凋亡作用的影响;共培养乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、成骨细胞MC3T3-E1后蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot,WB)检测黄芪补肾活血汤对共培养后的成骨细胞MC3T3-E1中缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF1α)、Smad家族成员1(Smad1)、Smad家族成员5(Smad5)、Runt相关转录因子2(Runx2)以及锌指转录因子(Osterix)的蛋白表达情况的影响.结果 体外实验中,CCK-8法显示,与control组相比,20、40 mg·mL-1质量浓度的黄芪补肾活血汤干预MCF-7细胞48 h后能不同程度的降低MCF-7细胞的增殖和细胞活力,呈剂量依赖性.划痕实验表明,与control组相比,黄芪补肾活血汤(20 mg·mL-1、40 mg·mL-1)组细胞迁移率明显降低(P<0.01),呈剂量依赖性.Transwell检测结果显示,与control组相比,黄芪补肾活血汤(20 mg·mL-1、40 mg·mL-1)组穿膜细胞数明显减少(P<0.001),呈剂量依赖性.流式细胞术检测结果显示,与control组相比,黄芪补肾活血汤(20 mg·mL-1、40 mg·mL-1)组凋亡率明显升高(P<0.001),呈剂量依赖性.平板克隆实验结果显示,黄芪补肾活血汤(20 mg·mL-1、40 mg·mL-1)组的细胞克隆个数明显少于control组(P<0.05),呈剂量依赖性.EDU增殖实验显示,与control组相比,黄芪补肾活血汤(20 mg·mL-1、40 mg·mL-1)组细胞阳性率明显降低(P<0.05),呈剂量依赖性.Western blot实验表明,与control组比较,不同质量浓度的黄芪补肾活血汤作用于成骨细胞MC3T3-E1后,HIF1α、Osterix蛋白相对表达水平降低(P<0.01),Smad1、Smad5、Runx2蛋白表达升高(P<0.01),呈剂量依赖性.结论 黄芪补肾活血汤通过HIF1α-Smad/Runx2/Osterix信号轴剂量依赖性抑制乳腺癌细胞MCF-7活力,通过HIF1α靶点改善肿瘤缺氧微环境,通过Osterix靶点抑制肿瘤血管生成和癌细胞迁移;并通过Smad1、Smad5、Runx2等靶点等促进骨髓间充质细胞成骨分化、成熟,保护骨质,促进新骨形成,抑制并缓解骨转移.

Objective To analyze the research status,hotspots,and frontiers of atherosclerosis genomics from 2010 to 2019.Methods CiteSpace software was used to conduct data statistics and visual analysis on countries,institutions,authors,journals,co-cited papers,and keywords of the related papers published in the Web of Science from 2010 to 2019.Results A total of 1021 papers in English were included,and the annual number of publications generally showed an upward trend.The knowledge base in the research of atherosclerosis mostly focused on the genetic risk sites and biomarkers for coronary artery diseases such as coronary heart disease,myocardial infarction,and dyslipidemia.The related journals mainly involved the fields of molecular biology,biology,genetics,immunology,medicine,pharmacy,and clinical medicine.The latest research in atherosclerosis concentrated on genome-wide association study,DNA methylation,microRNA,messenger RNA and so on.The research frontiers involved long noncoding RNA,DNA methylation,and immune metabolism.Conclusion The studies in atherosclerotic genomics have gradually increased.

目的 分析近10年动脉粥样硬化发病机制的研究热点与趋势.方法 检索2010年至2019年Web of Science核心合集数据库中SCI-E收录的关于动脉粥样硬化发病机制相关文献,应用CiteSpace软件对作者、国家、机构、学科进行共现分析,对作者、期刊进行共被引分析,对文献进行共被引、聚类及聚类时间线分析,对关键词进行共现及突现词分析.结果 共纳入3320篇文献,近10年年发文量整体呈上升趋势;高产国家以美国、中国为主,主要研究机构为华盛顿大学等美国高校;高产作者为Weber C,且其文献被引量较高;研究学科以心血管系统与心脏病学为主;近10年研究的知识基础多集中在免疫与炎症等领域;研究热点主要集中在炎症反应、巨噬细胞、内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞等;并预测未来可能在细胞代谢、细胞凋亡、细胞因子等领域有较好的研究前景.结论 近年来动脉粥样硬化发病机制领域研究关注度逐年提高,其研究范围与深度不断增加,本研究展示了该领域近10年的研究热点及前沿趋势,以期为其进一步深入研究提供参考.

下肢静脉性溃疡癌变的病例非常少见,本文通过1例下肢静脉性溃疡癌变病例的报道,将下肢静脉性溃疡癌变发病的详细资料结合复习相关的文献,系统的阐述本病的发病机制、诊断及治疗方案,为临床工作者提供帮助.