目的:采用微分脉冲伏安法建立中药材大黄提取物中大黄酸含量测定的电化学方法.方法:分别考察了浸提法、煮沸法和超声法等提取方法以及不同提取时间对大黄中大黄酸提取效率的影响,并采用微分脉冲法测定最佳提取方法所得提取液中大黄酸的含量.结果:大黄中大黄酸的最佳提取条件为95％乙醇浸提50～60min;在最佳条件下进行测定,DPV电信号强度与大黄酸浓度在0.0270～0.0470mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2为0.9992,大黄酸回收率在97％～105％之间,相对标准偏差RSD均小于4％.结论:所建立的电化学方法对大黄中大黄酸的含量测定具有选择性高和准确度高的优点.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的研究瓜子金皂苷己（polygalasaponin F,PS-F）对LPS诱导的BV2小胶质细胞炎症反应中炎性因子IL-1β释放的影响及其作用机制。方法实验分为空白组、LPS模型组、LPS+PS-F (0.10、1.00、10.00μmol·L^-1)给药组。运用ELISA法检测培养液上清中IL-1β的分泌量;real-time PCR检测IL-1βmRNA的表达;Western blot检测IL-1β、NLRP3、caspase-1、ASC、caspase-11的蛋白表达量。结果 ELISA、real-time PCR和Western blot结果均表明,PS-F能有效抑制LPS诱导BV2小胶质细胞释放炎性因子IL-1β（P&lt;0.01,P&lt;0.05）;Western blot结果表明,PS-F可以下调NLRP3、caspase-1、ASC、caspase-11的蛋白表达,其中ASC、caspase-11所得结果差异有统计学意义（P&lt;0.05）。结论 PS-F可以有效抑制LPS诱导BV2细胞炎症反应中炎性因子IL-1β的释放,且与下调NLRP3炎性小体、抑制caspase-11的激活有关。</span>

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">帕金森病（Parkinson’s disease,PD）是仅次于阿尔茨海默病的第2大神经退行性疾病。目前,有效治疗PD的主要途径是服用左旋多巴,但是,长时间服用左旋多巴会导致一系列副作用,如运动障碍、恶心、失眠、疗效减退、"开关"现象等。沙芬酰胺于2017年3月21被美国FDA批准用于治疗PD,作为治疗PD的新型药物,具有选择性高、安全性好等优点。该文介绍了可逆单胺氧化酶抑制剂——沙芬酰胺治疗PD的作用机制及近几年的部分临床研究进展。</span>

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是一种常见的神经退行性疾病,临床以进行性认知功能障碍为核心症状,目前尚无理想的治疗策略.随着免疫学在中枢神经系统研究的深入,在临床前研究、遗传学以及生物信息学等不同领域的研究均显示,免疫功能异常是导致AD发病的原因之一,涉及AD的起始、维持和恶化阶段.我国拥有丰富的天然药物资源和临床应用经验,发现了大量的既可调控免疫功能,又对AD症状有所改善的天然药物和有效部位,本文仅对近年来通过免疫调控改善AD症状的研究进行综述,为从天然药物中探寻新型抗AD药物提供新的思路和线索.

拟黑多刺蚁石油醚部位(extratable petroleum ether of Polyrhachis vicina Roger,EPPR)主要成分为十八碳烯不饱和脂肪酸,有研究表明,N-3多不饱和脂肪酸可以改善神经炎症,降低氧化应激,保护神经元.为探究EPPR对抑郁大鼠炎性反应的影响,本实验运用慢性不可预见性温和刺激(chronic unpredictable mild stress,CUMS)建立大鼠抑郁模型,采用糖水偏好(sucrose preference test)、强迫游泳(forced swimming test)检测大鼠行为,免疫荧光观察EPPR对抑郁大鼠前额皮层小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞激活的影响,运用实时荧光定量PCR(Quantitative Real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)对大鼠前额皮层炎症因子RNA水平进行检测,免疫印迹检测核因子κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)通路蛋白表达.结果表明,EPPR可以显著改善大鼠抑郁样行为,抑制抑郁大鼠小胶质细胞及星形胶质细胞激活,抑制NF-κB信号通路,下调前额皮层炎症因子白细胞介素1β (interleukin-1β,IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α),以及吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶(indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase,IDO)基因表达水平.以上结果提示,EPPR改善抑郁症状与改善脑内炎症反应相关.

Aim To research the synergistic effect of hyperlipoproteinemia and Aβ in the processing of Alzheimer′s disease.Methods Seventy SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups, and dealt with D-gal(hypodermic injection), hyperlipemia diet, microinjection into both side of CA1 section in hippocampus, independently.Morris water maze(MWM) test was used to evaluate the spatial memory impairments.Tau and tau(pThr181) pathology in the hippocampus were detected using Western blot and immunohistochemistry.Nissl′s staining was used to detect cell apoptosis.Results Aβ25-35-treated rats showed significant impairments of spatial memory in MWM test, especially in the group of D-gal+Aβ25-35+HLD(P<0.01).Furthermore, these rats treated with Aβ25-35, D-gal, and hyperlipemia diet, exhibited significantly increased phosphorylation of tau, particularly in the Thr181 site.Conclusion Hyperlipoproteinemia is the risk factor for older person, which could strengthen the toxic effect of Aβ, and promote phosphorylation of tau.

Objective:To study the characteristic changes of tau protein phosphorylation in different syndrome types of Alzheimer's disease.Methods:Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham control group,disease control group,pattern of kidney essence deficiency group,and pattern of phlegm obstructing orifices group.Excepted sham control group,others wereinjected with D-gal (hypodermic injection),and injection of both side of CA 1 section in hippocampus with coagulated Aβ25-35 to create patterns combined with pattern of kidney essence deficiency model.Based on this,pattern of phlegm obstructing orifices group was fed with hyperlipemia diet to build the pattern.Morris water maze (MWM) test,Nissl's staining method,and Western blot method were used to observe the memory of study,the apoptosis of hippocampal neuron,as well as the specific site change of tau protein hyperphosphorylation in rats.Results:In morris water maze (MWM) test,the hiding and escaping period of rats in disease control group,pattern of kidney essence deficiency group,and pattern of phlegm obstructing orifices group were significantly longer than in sham control group.Time spent in the target quadrant was significantly decreased (P＜0.01).Times across the platform was also significantly decreased (P＜0.01).In Nissl's staining test,there were different levels of neuron apoptosis in disease control group,pattern of kidney essence deficiency group,and pattern of phlegm obstructing orifices group,compared with those in sham control group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with disease control group,the apoptosis in phlegm obstructing orifices group was the most significant (P＜0.01).In Western blot test,the rats in pattern of phlegm obstructing orifices group exhibited significantly increased phosphorylation of tau protein in the Thr181 site of hippocampus tissue (P＜0.01).Conclusion:Hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in Thr181 site might be characteristic micro pathological change of AD pattern of phlegm obstructing orifices.