Background: In India, dairy is a very important for rural livelihood and round the year income, Uttar Pradesh have mixed crop–livestock farming system. Despite the availability of scientifically recommended cattle management practices, adoption among farmers remains low. The objective of the present study was to assess the adoption level of recommended cattle management practices. Methods: The study was conducted in Bulandshahar and Meerut districts of Uttar Pradesh. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select districts in first step, in second block (two block from each district) in third village (four villages from each block) and in last step select respondents (20 respondents from each village). Data were collected through pre-tested and structured interview schedule. Adoption was measured using a three-point continuum (always = 2, sometimes = 1, never = 0). Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were applied to examine relationships between socio-economic variables and adoption behaviour. Result: Housing and feeding management practices gets higher adoption but breeding and health care practices gets poor adoption. Education, herd size and landholding had significant associations with adoption levels, while age showed limited influence.

The field experiment titled “Effect of Bio-fertilizers and Micronutrients on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)”, was conducted during Zaid season, 2025 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agricultural, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The soil of the field was sandy loam, its pH was 8.0 and EC 0.56 ds/m. The result showed that growth parameters viz. higher plant height (195.05 cm), plant dry weight (90.30 g), number of cobs/plant (2.33), rows/cob (18.23), seeds/row (33.36), seed index (22.3 g), seed yield (5.15 t/ha), stover yield (25.55 t/ha) were recorded significantly high with the application of seed inoculation of Azotobacter (25 g kg-1) and PSB (25 g kg-1) along with foliar application of Zinc (1 %) and Boron (1 % ). So, the application of seed inoculation of Azotobacter (25 g kg-1 seed) and PSB (25 g kg-1 seed) along with foliar application of Zinc (1 %) and Boron (1 %) was found to be productive as well as economically feasible.

Objective: To determine the frequency of pre-COPD among patients attending a tertiary chest clinic. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: The Chest Clinic of Ojha Institute of Chest Disease (OICD), Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi, Pakistan. Period: December 2024 to March 2025. Methods: A total of 185 patients aged ≥ 18 years, having history of smoking and/or exposure to biomass fumes, and presenting with cough, sputum production, and/or shortness of breath were analyzed. Demographic information, along with cough, sputum production, and shortness of breath, were documented. Smoking status, and history of biomass exposure were noted. Spirometry of each patient was performed and pre-COPD was diagnosed. Data analysis was done using IBM-SPSS Statistics, version 26.0. Results: In a total of 185 patients, the mean age was 45.3±14.3 years, and 115 (62.2%) were male. Cough, shortness of breath, and sputum production were reported in 151 (81.6%), 109 (58.9%), and 36 (19.5%) patients, respectively. History of biomass exposure, and smoking were reported in 96 (51.9%), and 94 (50.8%) patients, respectively. Pre-COPD was identified in 47 patients (25.4%). There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of pre-COPD by increasing age (p<0.001). Patients with pre-COPD more frequently reported sputum production (40.4% vs. 12.3%, p<0.001). All patients with pre-COPD demonstrated abnormal chest radiographs (100% vs. 21.0%, p<0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed a substantial prevalence of pre-COPD (25.4%) among patients at risk in a tertiary chest clinic setting. Pre-COPD was found to have significant associations with middle-aged groups, presenting with sputum production, and abnormal radiological findings.

Aim: Guava crop is severely infested during rainy season by fruit fly that results in low quality fruits and lower yield. In view of this, a study was conducted to reduce the fruit fly infestation through bagging technique by using biodegradable bags. Methodology: The present investigation was carried out at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. Four-years-old plants of guava cv. Allahabad Safeda were selected for the experiment, and the fruits were bagged with different colour non-woven and perforated polyethylene bags. Results: Pink colour non-woven bag reduced the time taken for maturity and improved the quality of fruits. Fruit fly infestation was eradicated by fruit bagging and also reduces bird damage. Total soluble solids, pectin content, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity and sugars were found maximum in pink non-woven bagged fruits. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was also carried out for twelve quality parameters, out of which, component 1 and component 2 showed Eigen value 8.77 and 1.69, respectively. PC1 and PC2 collectively explained 87.237% of total variation. Correlation analysis indicated positive and negative correlation among various quality attributes. Interpretation: This study provides a comprehensive information to reduce fruit fly infestation during rainy season through fruit bagging technique. Key words: Bagging technique, Fruit fly, Guava fruits

Introduction:Anthtacofibrosis is commonly seen in non-smoker elderly female with biomass fuel smoke exposure. The disease is commonly reported from rural area, where biomass fuel is use as primary source of heating/cooking. Ladakh is a high altitude plateau with commonly using biomass fuel due to it geography and climatic condition. The study was done with aim to study the profile anthracofibrosis among patients of Ladakh. Method:This is a retrospective observational study conducted at a tertiary chest centre of India. We enrolled all cases of bronchoscopical confirmed anthracosis/ anthracofibrosis of Ladakh. We review the patient's file and analysis for demographic profile, symptoms, clinical findings, X-ray chest, CECT, bronchoscopy, lung function parameters, cytology of BAL and bronchial biopsy. Result:The study enrolled 26 confirm cases of anthracosis from Ladakh. The mean age was 63±8.8 years with majority 17(65%) were female. The history of biomass fuel smoking exposure was found in all case with 15(58%) house maker by occupation. The most common symptoms were cough and breathlessness 85%. The history of hemoptysis was seen five and hoarseness in two cases. The spirometry was abnormal in 12(60%) patients with obstructive abnormality being the common type. The most common type of lung lesion on X-ray was nodules 22(85%) and reticular 16(62%) cases. On CT chest the most common lung abnormality was nodules seen in 24(92%) and calcified enlarged mediatinal lymph nodes 18(69%) cases. On bronchoscopy the multiple anthracotic pigmentations was found all and bilateral in 24(92%) cases with anatomical distortion of bronchial tree was seen in 16(62%) cases. The anthracotic pigment on histopathology specimen was found in 21(81%) cases. Conclusion:Anthracosis is seen to be a common environmental lung disease in Ladakh due to its geography and living style. The change in heating system should encourage to prevention. Bronchoscopy facility should available for confirm diagnosis.

Today, the majority of scholars and historians concur that Buddhism is a religion, or more accurately, dharma, that encourages thoughtful reflection, strong living free from materialistic cravings, and has established a range of methods, practices, beliefs, artwork, and writing to ensure that there is as little suffering and suffering as possible for humanity. It exhorts people to choose a ‘style of life’ that values life in all its forms and invites them to conduct self-reflection in order to gain life lessons through practicing moral principles. By following the teachings of the Buddha, a person learns how to protect themselves from all problems and suffering. Buddhism states that internal growth ensures harmony and joy in a person's life rather than external events or advancements in worldly possessions in determining personal fulfillment. Actually, if we incorporate Buddha's teachings into our daily routine, we will genuinely wish to address all of our inner problems that irritate us and interfere with our activities. Harmony will come naturally to us since we will sincerely want to achieve a certain goal. It is necessary to learn about the standards of the Buddhism Center and truly understand the directives in order to complete all of the stated tasks. There is a great deal to learn about this religion that dates back 2,500 years and has gained significant international recognition. This research study focuses on the origin and development of Buddhism in India.

The research experiments were conducted at ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Regional Station, Modipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh during the early (2022) and main (2022-23) crop season to evaluate 50 potato (Solanum tuberosum) germplasm for tuber yield components in the North-central plains of India. On the pooled basis, the highest germination (%) was recorded for 12 genotypes namely, CP1454, CP1631, CP1651, CP3252, CP3334, CP3355, CP3414, CP3464, Kufri Bahar, Kufri Mohan, Kufri Garima and Kufri Ganga. The best performance for plant vigour was observed in Kufri Lima (4.3) followed by Kufri Mohan (4), Kufri Arun (3.9), Kufri Bahar, Kufri Garima, Kufri Surya and CP3085 (3.8). Early maturity was observed in CP3469 (3.75) followed by the genotypes namely, CP3469, CP1454, CP1471, CP3255, CP1651, CP2094, CP3266, CP3048, CP3050, CP3326, CP1648, CP3361, CP3252, CP3288, Kufri Mohan, Kufri Bahar, Kufri Surya, Kufri Pukhraj and Kufri Neelkanth (3.5). The highest marketable tuber numbers/plant were recorded for CP3353 (7) followed by CP3469, CP1651 and Kufri Sinduri (6). The highest total tuber number/plant was found in CP3353 (13) followed by CP3469, Kufri Sinduri, CP3385, CP3464 and Kufri Lalit (9), Kufri Ganga and CP1651 (8), Kufri Pukhraj, Kufri Lima, Kufri Garima, Kufri Mohan, Kufri Arun and CP3361 (7). The genotype Kufri Lima (310.8g) produced highest marketable yield/plant followed by Kufri Mohan (306g), Kufri Ganga (302g), Kufri Garima (294g), CP3294 (293g) and CP3413 (290g), Kufri Lalit (274g), CP3326, CP3469 (268g), Kufri Pukhraj (257g). The genotype like Kufri Mohan (360g) produced highest total tuber yield/ plant followed by Kufri Arun (358g), Kufri Lima (352g), Kufri Ganga (344g), Kufri Garima (336g), Kufri Lalit (323g), CP3413 (308g), Kufri Pukhraj (307g) and CP3294 (304g), CP3469 (288g) and CP3326 (277g). Overall, four genotypes CP3294, CP3469, CP3353 and Kufri Mohan were found promising genotypes in terms of germination, marketable tuber number/plant, total tuber yield/plant and total tuber numbers /plant.

The study evaluated five land use systems: (1) conventional agricultural system (LU-CA; puddled transplanted rice succeeded by conventional tilled wheat), (2) partial conservation agriculture system (LU-PCA; zero-tillage direct-seeded rice succeeded by zero-till wheat with 1/3rd crop residue retention), (3) horticultural system (LU-LHS; Litchi plantation), (4) agroforestry system (LU-MAS; Melia trees + wheat intercrop), and (5) plantation system (LU-EPS; eucalyptus plantation) for their impact on soil health in reclaimed sodic soils. Soil samples from four depths (0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm) were analysed for physico-chemical, and biological properties to develop a soil quality index (SQI). Soil bulk density (BD) was highest in the Melia-based agroforestry system, while soil penetration resistance (SPR) was highest under the conventional system. In comparison, the partial conservation agriculture system exhibited the lowest values for both BD and SPR, indicating improved soil physical conditions under this management practice. The eucalyptus-based system exhibited the highest soil organic carbon (SOC), SOC stock, macronutrients (N, P, K), and biological properties (microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, and alkaline phosphatase). Relative to LU-CA, LU-PCA increased SOC stock by 22.9%. The highest SQI (0.81) was in eucalyptus plantation, followed by lichi-based horticulture (0.58), while conventional system had the lowest (0.17). Higher SQI in EPS and LHS resulted from greater SOC, microbial biomass, and lower pH, BD and SPR, enhancing soil health. Overall, the findings highlight that perennial systems such as eucalyptus plantations and litchi orchards enhance soil health, quality and organic carbon, offering a sustainable land management strategy for reclaimed sodic soils.

The present field experiment was conducted during August, 2023–June, 2024 at UBKV, Pundibari, West Bengal, India to evaluate 25 indigenous brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes for growth, yield and quality characteristics. The trial, laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and observation were recorded on different growth, yield and quality attributes of brinjal. The results of experiment revealed significant genotypic variation for all traits, highlighting the scope for selection. Genotype 2022/BRLVAR-8 excelled in plant height (103.06 cm) and number of fruits plant-1 (25.78), while 2022/BRLVAR-3 recorded maximum branches (5.49). Early flowering was noted in 2022/BRLVAR-6 (60.56 days) and genotype 2022/BRLVAR-5 had the longest fruit lenth (18.31 cm), and 2022/BRR VAR-15 had the maximum fruit width (8.94 cm) and fruit weight (214.60 g). Maximum yield plant-1 was observed in 2022/BRR VAR-5 (2.41 kg), while 2022/BRR VAR-2 gave the highest total yield plot-1 (41.57 kg). Genotype 2022/BRR VAR-5 also recorded the highest projected yield (30.00 t ha-1). For quality traits, 2022/BRLVAR-5 had the highest TSS (6.65°Brix), 2022/BRLVAR-2 had highest ascorbic acid (12.47 mg 100 g-1), 2022/BRR VAR-2 had the highest anthocyanin (80.52 mg 100 g-1), and 2022/BRLVAR-6 had the highest phenol content (2.24 mg 100 g-1). The genotypes 2022/BRR VAR-5, 2022/BRR VAR-4 and 2022/BRLVAR-5 emerged as promising genotypes for yield and quality traits under Terai conditions of West Bengal. These genotypes should be advanced for multilocation trials and utilized in future breeding programs to develop high-yielding, nutrient-rich brinjal cultivars adaptable to Eastern India.