The questionable concerns of water scarcity worldwide, coupled with the inefficacy of the current technologies used in wastewater treatment and the variance in the emerging influent contamination, highlights the urgency for innovative remediation techniques. The metamorphosis of wastewater systems and the combination of biological processes with artificial intelligence (AI) have rapidly developed into a potent framework for wastewater treatment in the future. This paper highlights the convergence of microbial consortia, tailored enzymatic platforms, and phycoremediation with AI-driven optimization to provide adaptive, high-performance pollutant removal techniques critically synthesizing advancements reported in recent years. According to recent studies, in this type of coupling system, the efficiency achieved reported 75%-95% reduction the chemical and biological oxygen demand (COD, BOD), addition to the elimination of antibiotics. Complementarily, through symbiotic interaction of algae and bacteria, optimized microalgal platforms achieve nutrient recovery of over 90% for total nitrogen and phosphorus. The revolution can be foreseen with the introduction of AI, such as real time effluent forecasting, deep learning guided process control enables dynamic operational optimization, resulting in energy savings of 35%-62% in aeration and pumping and a 40% reduction in operating expenses. Through unavoidable persistent challenges such as microbial community volatility, information shortage, and biosafety concerns related to changes in the strains, emerging hybrid AI-based biological treatment systems present previously unheard-of opportunities for system autonomy, robustness, and circular resource recovery. This paper outlines a route toward scalable, intelligent, and climate-resilient wastewater infrastructure by placing AI as both an analytical engine and an operational catalyst, transforming smart bioremediation from a promising idea to a key component of sustainable water management.

This study explores the possibility of oil removal from contaminated seawater using an integrated technology comprising of adsorption using human hair and phycoremediation using the indigenous algal strain Tetradesmus sp. NITD18. The sequential method demonstrated higher oil removal (81.5 +/- 0.07%) compared to the simultaneous approach (77 +/- 0.7%) after 12 days. Three experimental sets (A: 0.5 g, B: 0.6 g, C: 0.8 g) were designed based on varying amounts of human hair. Parametric studies revealed that optimal conditions were achieved with 0.8 g human hair and 150.9 g/L initial oil concentration during adsorption, yielding 62.5 +/- 0.7% removal. During phycoremediation, 10% inoculum concentration showed maximum oil removal of 87 +/- 0.14% and highest biomass production (0.127 +/- 0.005 g/L). Set# C demonstrated a significant reduction in TDS (from 3925 +/- 132 mg/L to 3338 +/- 761 mg/L), salinity (from 3.9 +/- 0.2 psu to 3.4 +/- 0.3 psu), and conductivity (from 9079 +/- 162 mu S/cm to 4090 +/- 141 mu S/cm). Maximum concentrations of chlorophyll (48.2 +/- 4.43 mg/L), protein (2.55 +/- 0.002 mg/L), and carbohydrate (2.55 +/- 0.002 mg/L) were obtained from spent algal biomass as obtained in a sequential approach. Hence, it can be stated that the study demonstrates that the sequential approach effectively removal oil from contaminated seawater under optimized conditions.

We discuss noninjectivity of mixed q -deformed Araki-Woods von Neumann algebras, extending the results in our previous work. These von Neumann algebras generalize those that were constructed by Hiai.

Two fungal isolates, resembling Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium rileyi were collected and cultured from the elds of okra and groundnut at Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. This is the rst record of these fungi from Chotanagpur Plateau region. Their DNA was isolated and amplied using the universal ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The amplied product obtained was of the size of 500 bp for Beauveria bassiana and 550 bp for Metarhizium rileyi. Sequencing was performed using ITS1 primer. Comparing the respective sequences showed 97% resemblance to Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium rileyi respectively. Multiple sequence alignment of ITS sequence of both the newly isolated strains along with its homologous sequences was conducted and a phylogenetic tree was built following the Neighbor-Joining method.

Biochar-based materials for air treatment have gained significant attention for removing health-detrimental volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM) in indoor air settings. However, high turnaround time, multiple pretreatment processes involved, and high pore size and low surface area (>10 μm, <100 m2 g-1) of lignocellulosic feedstocks demand alternative biochar feedstock material. Considering this, we designed a simple first-of-its-kind indoor air scrubbing material using diatoms-enriched microalgae biochar. In the present study, the microalgae were cultivated on waste anaerobic digestate (biogas slurry) and were pyrolyzed at three different temperatures: 300 °C (BC300), 500 °C (BC500), and 700 °C (BC700). The BC500 and BC700 showed the highest removal efficiencies (99 %) for total volatile organic carbons (TVOCs) and formaldehyde (HCHO) at concentrations of 1.22 mg m-3 HCHO and 8.57 mg m-3 TVOC compared to 50% efficiency obtained with commercially available surgical, cloth, and N95 masks. The biochar obtained showed a high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 238 m2 g-1 (BC500) and 480 m2 g-1 (BC700) and an average pore size of 9-11 nm due to the mesoporous characteristic of diatom frustules. The comparatively poor performance of BC300 was due to lower surface area (150 m2 g-1) arising from incomplete organic removal, as evidenced by FESEM-EDX and FTIR. The high removal efficiencies in BC500 and BC700 were also attributed to the presence of reactive functional groups such as -OH and R-NH2. Concurrently, the average particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1) removal efficiency for BC500 and BC 700 ranged between 66 and 82.69 %. The PM removal performance of BC500 and BC700 was lower (15-20%) than commercially available masks. Overall, the present study highlights the importance of diatoms (reactive Si) present inside the pores of microalgal biochar for enhanced removal of PM, TVOCs, and HCHO at temperatures above 500 °C. This complete approach signifies a step towards establishing a self-sustainable and circular process characterized by minimal waste generation for indoor air treatment.

Herein, a new type of carbodicarbene (CDC) comprising two different classes of carbenes is reported; NHC and CAAC as donor substituents and compare the molecular structure and coordination to Au(I)Cl to those of NHC-only and CAAC-only analogues. The conjugate acids of these three CDCs exhibit notable redox properties. Their reactions with [NO][SbF6 ] were investigated. The reduction of the conjugate acid of CAAC-only based CDC with KC8 results in the formation of hydrogen abstracted/eliminated products, which proceed through a neutral radical intermediate, detected by EPR spectroscopy. In contrast, the reduction of conjugate acids of NHC-only and NHC/CAAC based CDCs led to intermolecular reductive (reversible) carbon-carbon sigma bond formation. The resulting relatively elongated carbon-carbon sigma bonds were found to be readily oxidized. They were, thus, demonstrated to be potent reducing agents, underlining their potential utility as organic electron donors and n-dopants in organic semiconductor molecules.

The genus Myrmaplata is a small genus containing five species of ant mimicking jumping spiders, which was earlier part of the genus Myrmarachne, with many taxonomic issues. Present work is an effort to revisit these problems and address them using an integrative approach employing meta-analysis and phylogenetic studies. In this regard, a thorough literature survey concerning this genus as well as genus Myrmarachne was conducted. Myrmaplata plataleoides and Myrmaplata wanlessi were dealt with in this work. Reports of morpho-variants in case of Myrmaplata plataleoides and absence of the report of female in case of Myrmaplata wanlessi make these genera a matter of special taxonomic concern. Barcode region of mtCO1 gene was sequenced from both male and female spiders of a recently described melanic morpho-variant of Myrmaplata plataleoides for comparison with the typical form. Publically available barcode region of mtCO1 sequences were retrieved for species of the genus Myrmaplata and the genus Myrmarachne for phylogenetic studies. Phylogenetic analysis reveals the existence of significant evolutionary divergence in the morpho-variant with respect to the typical form. Meta-analysis and phylogenetic analysis point towards the possibility of conspecificity between Myrmaplata wanlessi and Myrmarachne lambirensis. These analyses also suggest removal of Myrmaplata wanlessi from the genus Myrmaplata and renaming it back as Myrmarachne wanlessi. Need to revisit similar issues associated with the genus Myrmarachne in light of integrative taxonomy has also been raised with appropriate observations based on the present study.

Given a strongly continuous orthogonal representation (Ut)tER of R on a real Hilbert space MR, a decomposition MR :_ LiEN M.i) R consisting of invariant subspaces of (Ut)tER and an appropriate matrix ((qij))NxN of real parameters, we associate representations of the mixed commutation relations on twisted Fock spaces. The associated von Neumann algebras are (usually) non-tracial and are generalizations of those constructed by Bozejko-Speicher and Hiai. We investi-gate the factoriality of these von Neumann algebras. Along the process, we show that the generating abelian subalgebras associated with the blocks of the aforesaid decomposition are strongly mix-ing masas when they admit appropriate conditional expectations. On the contrary, the generating abelian algebras which fail to admit appropriate conditional expectations are quasi-split. We also discuss non-injectivity and the Haagerup approximation property.

We hereby report an isolated population of a rare morpho-variant of the ant-mimicking jumping spider Myrmaplata plataleoides (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) from Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, India, which is also the first record of this species from the state of Jharkhand, India. Descriptions of both male and female spiders, the female’s exuviae, its eggs and habitat are presented. We have studied its moulting, feeding and sexual behaviour in detail, and have recorded various behavioural aspects that were never documented before, such as debris-rolling behaviour, photokinetic response, starvation response and oxygen deprivation response. We here report the occurrence of this spider near the colonies of the ground-nesting ant Camponotus compressus (Fabricius, 1787). This spider is known to mimic the Asian weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius, 1775), which are greenish orange to red in colour. Specimens collected by us are dark brown to black in coloration whereas the commonly reported specimens are often greenish orange to red. We propose that the darker coloration would have been naturally selected in this isolated population of M. plataleoides as an adaptation to coexist with C. compressus , which is also black in coloration and abundant around the spiders. Study of the moulting behaviour of the morpho-variant further reveals the display of a novel mechanism of ant mimicry among these spiders which we have named as temporal myrmecomorphy. Temporal myrmecomorphy has been proposed to be a protective mechanism used by a harmless mimic against the attacks of the aggressive models so that it can co-exist with the models. Present study establishes the usefulness of a morpho-variant as an important model in understanding the evolution and behaviour of a species holistically.

There is an increasing interest in procedures to improve skin quality in acne patients with a short downtime. Off late, carbon peel laser technique which uses topical carbon suspension combined with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser treatment has gained popularity. The main advantages of this procedure are easy to perform and it requires less than 30 minutes.

Seed size and shape are important traits determining yield and quality in soybean. Seed size and shape are also desirable for specialty soy foods like tofu, natto, miso, and edamame. In order to find stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes for seed shape and 100-seed weight, the current study used vegetable type and seed soybean-derived F2 and F2:3 mapping populations. A total of 42 QTLs were mapped, which were dispersed across 13 chromosomes. Of these, seven were determined to be stable QTLs and five of them were major QTLs, namely qSL-10-1, qSW-4-1, qSV-4-1, qSLW-10-1, and qSLH-10-1. Thirteen of the 42 QTLs detected in the current study were found at known loci, while the remaining 29 were discovered for the first time. Out of these 29 novel QTLs, 17 were major QTLs. Based on Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER), gene annotation information, and literature search, 66 genes within seven stable QTLs were predicted to be possible candidate genes that might regulate seed shape and seed weight in soybean. The current study identified the key candidate genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling soybean seed shape and weight, and these results will be very helpful in marker-assisted breeding for developing soybean varieties with improved seed weight and desired seed shape.

Sodium present in NaCl is a fundamental nutrient required for many physiological processes. In animals including Drosophila low-salt concentrations induce attraction and high-salt concentrations evoke aversive behavior. Although high salt detection pathways have been studied in great details but mechanisms that regulate high salt consumption in animals are largely undetermined. We looked into the neural mechanisms of high NaCl consumption in adult Drosophila by which flies modify their acceptance of high salt as a function of diet where a long-term high-salt exposure increases taste sensitivity of pharyngeal LSO neurons and enhance high salt intake. Exposing flies to high NaCl diet for three days show decline in high salt aversion under starvation. Additionally, genetic suppression of LSO pharyngeal neurons in high NaCl fed flies inhibit excessive salt intake. We observed this modulation requires functional LSO neurons and a starvation state or dopamine. Multiple independent taste receptor neurons and pathways are involved in such a modulation. Silencing any one of multiple LSO neuronal types inhibits excessive salt intake. Our study suggests flies can adapt to the amount of salt ingested over several days, indicating the presence of a critical mechanism to reset the salt appetite and related neural circuits. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

A computational finite-element (FE)-based technique is proposed for developing a stochastic reduced order model for rotating bladed disc with spatial random inhomogeneities. The spatial inhomogeneities imply the system to be randomly mistuned. The formulation assumes the availability of a high fidelity FE model for the tuned system. The corresponding FE matrices are antisymmetric on account of the Coriolis forces due to rotation. The spatial inhomogeneities, available from limited point measurements on the blades, are modelled as non-Gaussian random fields with arbitrary distributions. A low order stochastic computational model is developed by projecting the FE model onto a reduced dimensional state space defined in terms of specified observable nodal points and expressing the stochasticity through an arbitrary polynomial chaos (aPC) basis. This model enables probabilistic quantification of the variabilities in the system response and estimating failure probabilities. The methodology enables drastic reduction in the state space and stochastic dimensions, addresses the practical difficulties with having limited measurable data points, antisymmetric FE matrices, aPC representation in complex irregular geometries and carrying out probabilistic analyses on industrial systems, at significantly reduced computational costs. The methodology is illustrated through an academic rotor and an industrial rotor blade.

This study aims to evaluate the anti-ulcer effect of Catharanthus roseus Stem extract on gastric ulcers caused by forced swimming. It was investigated that Catharanthus roseus having many kinds of phytochemical constituents so it is responsible for different pharmacological actions. The ethanolic extract of Catharanthus roseus stem at 250 and 500 mg/kg orally (PO) significantly reduces the incidence of ulcers. In this investigation albino wistar rats induced by forced swimming, an increase in the rate of ulcers was observed compared to the control group. The ethanol extract of Catharanthus roseus stem showed a significant decrease in the previous index at a dose of 500 mg/kg; it was comparable to the standard preparation ranitidine (5 mg/kg). The protection index of Catharanthus roseus stem extract was 65.4%, while the protection index of the standard preparation ranitidine was 76.8%.

The present experiment entitled “Influence of Integrated nutrient management (INM) on biochemical properties of Inceptisol of Surguja District of Chhattisgarh, India” was conducted during 2021-22 at village Sonwahi, Dist. Surguja. experiment out in a RBD with seven treatments i.e. T1-control, T2-50% RDF, T3-100% RDF, T4-150% RDF, T5-100% RDF + 5t/ha FYM, T6-50% RDF + 5t/ha FYM, and T7-50% RDF + 1.5t/ha The pH and EC (dSm-1) of soil doesn’t show any significant effect with different INM treatments. SOC (5.69 g kg-1) nitrogen (220.36 kg ha-1) available phosphorus and available potassium (45.81 kg ha-1, 245.42 kg ha-1,) 50% RD Field experiment that INM technique significantly influenced the activity of soil enzyme viz. dehydrogenase (48.34 µg TPF 24 hr-1 g-1), urease (40.07 μg NH4+- N g-1 soil h-1), acid phosphatase (72.93 µg p-nitrophenol g-1 hr-1) and alkaline phosphatase (45.14 µg p-nitrophenol g-1 hr-1) in 100% RDF + 5t/ha FYM (T5). The maximum bacterial load (201.00 x 107 CFU g-1) and fungal load (19.20 x 104 CFU g-1) recorded under 100% RDF + 5t/ha FYM.

The activation of atmospheric molecular dioxygen (O2) is reported, which occurred across a C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond of a piperazine derivative without any catalyst at ambient conditions under the formation of 1,2,4,7-dioxadiazoctane, an 8-membered (larger-ring) cyclic organic peroxide.

Introduction: Sugar is the main source of energy for nearly all animals. However, consumption of a high amount of sugars can lead to many metabolic disorders hence, balancing calorie intake in the form of sugar is required. Various herbs are in use to control body weight, cure diabetes and control elevated blood sugar levels. One such herb is Gymnema sylvestre commonly called Gurmar (destroyer of sugar). Gurmar selectively inhibits sugar sensation by mechanisms that are still elusive. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to understand the effect of gurmar on sweet taste feeding behaviour in insects using the invertebrate model system Drosophila melanogaster. Methods: For this study, we used feeding assays, spectrophotometry and Proboscis Extension Reflex (PER) assay to determine how flies detect gurmar. Additionally, life span analysis, egg-laying behaviour and developmental profiles were used to probe the role of gurmar on the overall health of the flies. During the whole study, we used only the raw powdered form of gurmar (dried leaves) to examine its effect on sweet taste feeding behaviour. Results: Our data demonstrate that whole gurmar in a raw powdered form is aversive to flies and inhibits sugar evoked PER and feeding responses. Also, we observed it takes at least 24 h of starvation time to reduce the consumption of sugar in flies pre-fed on gurmar. Flies lay a fewer number of eggs on gurmar media and show developmental defects. Our data suggest that flies detect gurmar using both taste and olfactory cues. Conclusion: Understanding how gurmar reshapes taste curves to promote reduced consumption of sugars in flies will open up avenues to help people with health issues related to high sugar consumption, but our data also highlights that its consumption should be carefully considered since gurmar is aversive to flies and has detrimental effects on development.