2-(arylethynyl)selanyl-azoles are important and vital compounds that both azoles and aryl ethynyl selenides presented in their structure. In this article, we have constructed copper (I) iodide supported on the surface of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles functionalized with Serine [Fe3O4-Serine-CuI] and evaluated its catalytic behavior in the preparation of 2-(arylethynyl)selanyl-azoles though one-pot three-component coupling reaction of azoles, Se powder and alkynes under ecofriendly conditions. The structure of Fe3O4-Serine-CuI nanocatalyst is well analyzed by several spectroscopic techniques like: FT-IR, SEM, EDX, TEM, MAP, XRD, TGA, VSM, ICP-OES techniques. High reusability and well characterization of Fe3O4-Serine-CuI nanocatalyst, high purity and yields of products, ecofriendly conditions, and simple operation are several considerable advantages this catalytic system.

The development of portable and efficient nanoprobes to realize the quantitative/qualitative onsite determination of food pollutants is of immense importance for safeguarding human health and food safety. With the advent of the smartphone, the digital imaging property causes it to be an ideal diagnostic substrate to point-of-care analysis probes. Besides, merging the versatility of carbon dots nanostructures and bioreceptor abilities has opened an innovative assortment of construction blocks to design advanced nanoprobes or improving those existing ones. On this ground, massive endeavors have been made to combine mobile phones with smart nanomaterials to produce portable (bio)sensors in a reliable, low cost, rapid, and even facile-to-implement area with inadequate resources. Herein, this work outlines the latest advancement of carbon dots nanostructures on smartphone for onsite detecting of agri-food pollutants. Particularly, we afford a summary of numerous approaches applied for target molecule diagnosis (pesticides, mycotoxins, pathogens, antibiotics, and metal ions), for instance microscopic imaging, fluorescence, colorimetric, and electrochemical techniques. Authors tried to list those scaffolds that are well-recognized in complex media or those using novel constructions/techniques. Lastly, we also point out some challenges and appealing prospects related to the enhancement of high-efficiency smartphone based carbon dots systems.

Food safety issue is becoming an international challenge for human health owing to the presence of contaminants. In this context, reliable, rapid, and sensitive detecting technology is extremely demanded to establish food safety assurance systems. MOFs (Metal-organic frameworks) are a new type of porous crystalline material with particular physical and chemical characteristics presented in food safety requirements. (Bio)sensors driven MOF materials have emerged as a promising alternative and complementary analytical techniques, owing to their great specific area, high porosity, and uniform and fine-tunable pore buildings. Nevertheless, the insufficient stability and electrical conductivity of classical MOFs limit their utilization. Employing graphene-derived nanomaterials with high functional elements as patterns for the MOF materials not only improves the structural instability and poor conductivity but also impedes the restacking and aggregation between graphene layers, thus significantly extending the MOFs application. A review of MOFs-graphene-based material used in food contamination detection is urgently needed for encouraging the advance of this field. Herein, this paper systematically outlines current breakthroughs in MOF-graphene-based nanoprobes, outlines their principles, and illustrates their employments in identifying mycotoxins, heavy metal ions, pathogens, antibiotics, and pesticides, referring to their multiplexing and sensitivity ability. The challenges and limitations of applying MOF-graphene composite for precise and efficient assessment of food were also debated. This paper would maybe offer some inspired concepts for an upcoming study on MOF-based composites in the food security context.

There is enormous interest in the use of graphene-based materials for energy storage. This article discusses the progress that has been accomplished in the development of chemical, electrochemical, and electrical energy storage systems using graphene. We summarize the theoretical and experimental work on graphene-based hydrogen storage systems, lithium batteries, and supercapacitors. Graphene could also be a two-dimensional (2D) sheet of carbon atoms in a very hexagonal (honeycomb) configuration. The carbon atoms in graphene are bonded with the SP2 hybrid. Graphene is the most recent member of the multidimensional graphite carbon family of materials. This family includes fullerene as zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes as one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials, and graphite as a three-dimensional (3D) material. The term graphene was first coined in 1986 to form the word graphite and a suffix (s) per polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Additionally, to monolayer and bilayer graphene, graphene layers from 3 to 10 layers are called few-layer graphene and between 10 and 30 layers are called multiplayer graphene, thick graphene, or nanocrystals. Graphene is typically expected to contain only one layer, but there is considerable interest in researching bilayer and low-layer graphene. There are several methods for producing graphene, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Graphene-based materials have great potential to be employed in supercapacitors due to their unique two-dimensional structure and inherent physical properties like excellent electrical conductivity and large area. This text summarizes recent developments within the sector of supercapacitors, including double-layer capacitors and quasi-capacitors. The pros and cons of using them in supercapacitors are discussed. Compared to traditional electrodes, graphene-based materials show some new properties and mechanisms within the method of energy storage and release. During this paper, we briefly describe carbon structures, particularly graphene, and also the history of graphene discovery, and briefly describe the synthesis methods, properties, characterization methods, and applications of graphene.

Synthesis of high viscosity, ecofriendly, and low melting point poly(ionic liquid)s (LMP-PIL) with network structure has been introduced by the reaction of 1,1' ,1" (1,3,5 triazine 2,4,6 triyl) tris (3 methyl 1H imidazol 3 ium) iodide ionic liquid (TAIm[I] IL) monomer with disodium salts of various open-chain carboxylic acids as well as sulfonic acids via a polycondensation on counter ions (PC-CI). Change in alkyl group length in carboxylate, as well as sulfonate, provide a broad spectrum of properties in terms of viscosity, density, and solubility for the resulting PILs. The physical properties of the PILs including, viscosity, melting point, boiling point, density,(M) over barn , and polydispersity (), were determined in this study. Also, thermal behavior of the PILs were studied in comparison with the corresponding monomers. The ecofriendly PILs served as an efficient solvent and ligand for the Cu-catalyzed Heck and Sonogashira C-C coupling reactions. High to excellent yields were obtained for various coupling products under mild conditions at melting points of the PILs. Also, the coupling products could be obtained with direct scalability. The prepared PILs could be recycled several times from the homogenous reaction mixture with preservation of the intrinsic properties. Also, a detailed study was conducted on the mechanism of the coupling reactions. (c) 2023 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In this paper, the spherical CuO/Cu2O nanocomposites were synthesized using co-precipitation accompanied by annealing at 500 and 600 degrees C. The as-synthesized CuO/Cu2O nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The XRD and FT-IR results proved the successful synthesis of the CuO/Cu2O nanocomposite. Spherical shapes of the samples confirmed by the TEM images with narrow particle size distribution. The average size of the nanocomposites synthesized at 600 degrees C (39 nm) was smaller than that of the nanocomposites synthesized at 500 degrees C (46 nm). In addition, the samples were chemically activated using H2O2 and used as new adsorbents to remove the Pb(II) ion from an aqueous solution. The effect of solution pH, sorbent dose, initial Pb(II) concentration, and the contact time were studied. Results showed that the highest efficiency (85% for the nanocomposites synthesized at 500 degrees C and 92% for the nanocomposites synthesized at 600 degrees C) was obtained at pH 6, 90 min contact time, 30 ppm Pb(II) solution, and 0.02 g of the sorbent. The Pb(II) adsorption equilibrium data were fitted well to the Langmuir model.

In this study, to explore a potential sensor for the valproic acid drug, pure and doped zinc oxide nanoclusters (Zn12O12, AlZn11O12, and, GaZn11O12) were utilized in the gas and solvent phase using the density functional theory calculations. The adsorption energies were calculated at -21.87, -39.64, and -24.73 kcal mol-1 for Zn12O12, AlZn11O12, and, GaZn11O12 complexes in their most stable configuration, respectively. Thermodynamic investigations were shown the interaction of valproic acid with the nanoclusters is spontaneous and exothermic. Sensor response investigation indicated 10.17, 6113.83, and 3.22 after the adsorption process for the Zn12O12, AlZn11O12, and, GaZn11O12, respectively. Thus, it is clear that the AlZn11O12 nanocluster demonstrated a significant sensor response. Further, the AlZn11O12 nanocluster had a practical short recovery time of 11.18 s. The solvent phase calculations indicated that these structures were stable in water. UV-vis calculation showed after the interaction of valproic acid with the AlZn11O12 spectrum shifted significantly to the higher wavelength region (red shift). Consequently, this study proposes the AlZn11O12 nanocluster as a potential candidate for valproic acid detection based on its suitable outcomes.

The optical properties of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanowires are studied using two parallel channels of photon conduction. First is the coherent motion of electrons within the ZnO nanowire termed as Drude carriers and second is the incoherent hopping of electrons from one ZnO nanowire to another nanowire. The model has the relaxation rate as one of the material dependent free physical parameters. The frequency-dependent relaxation rates are presented in terms of memory functions. A peak in optical conductivity obtained near zero-frequency, which occurs due to Drude carriers, i.e., the incoherent motion of electrons whereas, frequency becomes saturated at very-low values at higher frequencies near the far-infrared region. A peak in optical conductivity is observed around mid-infrared frequencies due to the hopping of carriers from one ZnO nanoparticle to another. This is evidenced that both the Drude and hopping carriers contribute to optical conductivity in ZnO nanowire. The modal based on these two contribution schemes successfully explains the optical conductivity phenomena in ZnO nanowires.

Herein we introduce a novel and reusable nanomagnetic copper catalyst (Fe3O4@SiO2-Imine/Thio-Cu(II)) constructed by immobilizing copper (II) complex on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with Imine/Thio group. The structure of the as-constructed Fe3O4@SiO2-Imine/ Thio-Cu(II) nanomaterial was well analyzed by a number of spectroscopic techniques including: FT-IR, SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, VSM, AAS and ICP-OES. Experimental studies have well revealed that Fe3O4@SiO2-Imine/Thio-Cu(II) nanomaterial is an ecofriendly and efficient nanocatalyst for synthesis of 2,4,6-triaryl pyridines (82%-98%) via a C-N bond cleavage of benzylamines under aerobic oxidations in PEG at 120 degrees C. The grafting of the copper catalyst to the surface of magnetic nanoparticles has increased the catalytic activity of the material and also simplified catalyst recovery from the reac-tion mixture by an external magnet. The Fe3O4@SiO2-Imine/Thio-Cu(II) nanocatalyst was readily recovered by simple magnetic decantation and can be reused seven cycles without considerable loss in catalytic activity.

In today's world, the stability and affordability of food colorants have caused to attracted considerable attention in the food industry. Food dyes attract the appearance of food by increasing color of that while the harmful effect of these dyes on living organs is undeniable. Synthetic food colors are becoming more common than natural ones via food manufacturers to achieve specific features like high color intensity, low cost, improved appearance, more color uniformity and stability. Varied beverages and foods obtainable in the market might contain synthetic color, which in turn leads to serious health issues such as cancers, mutations, allergic reactions, and reduced hemoglobin concentrations. Thereby, WHO (World Health Organization) highlight the required control of food dyes in food. Up to now, several analytical methods have been developed for different food dyes determination in various food matrixes. On the other hand, the performance of conventional detection platforms has been limited due to many limitations including time consuming and lack of sensitivity. Recently, cost-efficiency, sensitivity and reproducibility of electro-analytical and optico-analytical approaches have led to the development of many of them for food dyes quantification. The nanoprobes have demonstrated satisfactory results in terms of sensi-tivity and cost. A review of new kinds of nanoprobe consisting of carbon-based, silica-based and metallic-based composites with nanoscale size might open up new opportunities towards the investigation of colorants in food samples by developing a sensor with better analytical performance. Therefore, we attempted to summarize the recent progress of electrochemical and optical sensors in diverse matrices and show how nanoprobes could in-crease the performance of these approaches.

In this work, for the first time, novel Sc-MOF@SiO2 core/shell nanostructures have been synthesized under the optimal conditions of ultrasonic-assisted microwave routes. The final products showed small particle size distributions with homogeneous morphology (SEM results), high thermal stability (TG curve), high surface area (BET adsorption/desorption techniques), and significant porosity (BJH method). The final nanostructures of Sc-MOF@SiO2 core/shell with such distinct properties were used as a new compound for H2S adsorption. It was used with the systematic investigation based on a 2K−1 factorial design, which showed high-performance adsorption of about 5 mmol/g for these novel adsorbents; the optimal experimental conditions included pressure, 1.5 bar; contact time, 20 min; and temperature, 20°C. This study and its results promise a green future for the potential control of gas pollutants.

Hydrogen production from electrocatalytic water splitting is one way to tackle the rise of the energy crisis, but it still requires cost-effective, high stable, and high-performance materials to produce hydrogen on a large scale. So far, hydrogen as alternative resource to address energy issue in world is under progress and several attempts have been made to further improve it. Transition metal-based materials have been documented as promising catalysts due to their high electrocatalytic activity, structural tunability, high electrochemical surface area, high conductivity, and high stability under harsh conditions. However, the main challenge of electrocatalytic production of hydrogen through water splitting is in the development of cost-effective earth-abundant catalysts to enable their industrial-scale deployment. In this review work, the authors represent the most key factors in an electrocatalyst performance analysis and a comprehensive review of the most recent development on various material preparation for synthesizing non-precious or precious metal-based electrocatalysts to dissociate water electrochemically into hydrogen and oxygen. The correlation between catalyst structure and related activity for the improved electrocatalytic reaction is discussed. Also, doping with adatoms, composition with other transition metals for synergy effects, and downsizing nanostructure of corresponding materials are reviewed. Finally, existing challenges and bright prospective paths for catalyst designing and synthesizing methods of catalysts for electrochemical water splitting are discussed.

In this work, applications of pure and doped boron nitride (B16N16, SiB15N16, and AlB15N16) nanoclusters to find an efficient sensor for sulfasalazine (SSZ) drug detection were investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The adsorption energy of B16N16, SiB15N16, and AlB15N16 in the most stable complexes were calculated at -24.58, -30.39, and -53.43 kcal mol-1, respectively. The results obtained from the study of electronic properties showed a high sensitivity for the detection of SSZ in B16N16 and SiB15N16 compared to AlB15N16. The water as a solution is used to simulate the behavior of nanoclusters in the body fluids, and results indicated the selected pure and complex nanostructures are stable in water. UV-vis spectrums were shown that the B16N16, SiB15N16, and AlB15N16 complexes shift toward the higher wavelengths (red shift). Although sensitivity in B16N16 and SiB15N16 indicated an ideal change, only the B16N16 showed an appropriate short recovery time (1.00 s for SSZ desorption). Therefore, it was concluded that the B16N16 nanocluster is a good candidate for identifying SSZ drug. The B16N16 would be more effective than the SiB15N16, and AlB15N16 due to the simple synthesis.

In this work, a facile and low-cost sonochemical-assisted route accompanied by calcination is used for the synthesis of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles using Fe(NO3)3·9H2O as iron precursor, oxalic acid and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as fuel and surfactant. The as-synthesized α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the results confirmed the preparation of single phase of rhombohedral α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with quasi-spherical shapes and ferromagnetic properties. The studies of photocatalytic degradation of rhombohedral α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were performed using methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The effect of the important parameters such as pH solution, catalyst dose and contact time was investigated. Under optimum conditions, the efficiency of MB and MO degradation reaches to 93 and 88% for Fe-1 and 91 and 84% for Fe-2, respectively. In addition, the photodegradation of MB and MO dyes using the as-synthesized spherical α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was evaluated using the pseudo-first-order kinetic model.

Hydrogen production from electrochemical water dissociation is taken into account as a facile and most promising approach to address energy related crisis in the world. In this regard, development of high performance, stable, and cost-effective catalysts for full water splitting is severally demanded. In this work a high performance electrocatalyst based on commercially available Tin nanoparticles were utilized and mixed with carbon nanotubes (CNT) is presented for electrocatalytic water splitting. It has prepared through facile dropped casting method and obtained a high electrocatalytic activity for full water splitting. One of the key important parameters in water splitting is producing hydrogen/oxygen at high rate with long term stability. This is problematic because it will result catalyst degradation and performance fallen. However, herein, the prepared electrocatalyst demonstrated a high stability of more than 10 hours operation under a high applied current density of 100 mA.cm-2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (which is close to the high scale production of hydrogen). For the both hydrogen and oxygen, the prepared catalyst (SnO2/CNT coated on carbon paper) delivered the current density of 10 mA.cm-2 at a low overpotentials of 150 mV and 250 mV, respectively. Our observations validate the excellent capability in significantly modifying the catalytic activity of transition metal compound catalysts with carbon nanostructures.

We theoretically interpreted the anomalous temperature-dependence of electrical resistivity (T) of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures. Resistivity in the metallic phase is investigated using the Bloch- Gruneisen [BG] model of resistivity, whereas the resistivity (T) in the semiconducting phase of ZnO nanostructures is investigated using the small polaron conduction (SPC) model. In the low temperature domain, T indicates the presence of the semiconducting phase; it reaches an absolute minimum at 180 K and grows linearly with temperature in the high temperature region. The Bloch-Gruneisen [BG] model of resistivity was used to determine the contributions to resistivity made by intrinsic acoustic phonons (ac) and optical phonons (op) characterized by high frequency. The theoretically calculated resistivity by taking into account both phonons i.e. ac and op, as well as the temperature independent resistivity is summed along with the electron-electron interaction e-e to get the overall resistivity of the material. The small polaron conduction (SPC) approach is used to study resistivity in the semiconducting phase at low temperatures below 180 degrees Celsius.

The temperature-dependent thermoelectric power (S) of Zn nanostructures is numerically estimated using a theoretical model. The electron diffusive and phonon drag contributions to thermoelectric power are calculated within the relaxation time approximation. The phonon drag thermopower is an artifact of various operating scattering mechanisms. The anomalous behavior of (S) is successfully estimated in accordance with interaction of heat carrying phonons with impurity, grain boundaries, electrons and phonons. The scattering and transport cross sections are function of phonon frequency  in the present model and produce similar results.

The temperature-dependent electrical resistivity ρ(T) of ZnO nanostructures in metallic phase is analysed by Bloch-Gruneisen [BG] model and in semiconducting phase is analyzed by small polaron conduction (SPC) model. ρ(T) shows semiconducting phase in low temperature regime, shows an absolute minimum near 180 K and increases linearly with T at high temperatures. The contributions to the resistivity by inherent acoustic phonons (ρac) as well as high frequency optical phonons (ρop) were estimated using Bloch-Gruneisen [BG] model of resistivity. Estimated contribution to resistivity by considering both phonons i.e., ωac and ωop and the zero limited resistivity are added with electron-electron interaction ωe-e to obtain the total resistivity. Resistivity in Semiconducting phase is discussed with small polaron conduction (SPC) model at low temperatures below 180 K.