Introduction Occupational Psychosocial Risk Factors (OPRF) studies are a priority because may trig physical/mental health-effects. National studies confirm international investigations where exposure to unhealthy conditions can constitute a problem. National work regulations emphasise that jobs should achieve psychological well-being. This study identified OPRF in four ‘Manufacturing’ companies in Venezuela, measuring exposure magnitude associating them with self-perceived mental health. Methods Observational-descriptive, field study. Psychosocial Risk Assessment was used and CoPSoQ-ISTAS 21, PAST 2.7 c for analysis. Questionnaire evaluates six Dimensions and 20 Factors. Results express exposure’s prevalence as the workers proportion in each situation: unfavourable (high risk), intermediate and favourable (low risk). Results Sample 576 workers. In all DIMENSIONS no high risk was greater than 37%. Social Capital/Compensations had the highest unfavourable situation (36.78% and 35.91%, respectively). Employment insecurity (favourable 57.93%), Working conditions (favourable 57.87%), Recognition (unfavourable 45.48%). Emotional demands reported greater risk (41.09%). Leadership Quality 50.09% and Predictability 53.34%. 60% of variables had significant correlation with anxiety/depression. Discussion and conclusion Psychosocial risks were identified with low magnitudes dimensionally but there were 6 factors in high risk. Siegrist 1996 showed that unbalance Effort/Reward could damage health with stress repercussions. A high level of organisational justice has been linked to better mental health (Elovainio, et al., 2002). Results agree with Rodriguez-Martinez (2011) and Rodriguez-Bracho (2013), regarding exposure to emotional demands, predictability and leadership quality. Avendaño, et al (2009) found that relationships quality with superiors are important to face daily stressors. This also may indicate that company’ leaders lack of teams’ surveillance, with insufficient information to carry out the work expressed by Predictability. However, Colleagues/Superiors Social support, Clarity/Conflict roles and group feeling, were in favourable conditions. Factors as work compensation, social capital, emotional demands, leadership and predictability, were with greater consequences in mental health and employers must use important resources to manage daily stressors.

The Fear of Falling Syndrome (FoF) is the feeling that a person has to be in constant risk of falling, without necessarily be preceded by a fall. We conducted an analytical observational study, with patients ≥65 years old, from reference hospital of Institute of security and social services state workers. Who meet criteria for fall syndrome. As socio-demographic variables, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical data were collected. 114 patients were included, 39 of them met FoF criteria, the mean age was 82.5 years (SD + 7.46), and 78 (68.4%) were women. The main geriatric syndromes encountered were major depressive disorder 80 (70.2%), frailty 54 (47.4%), sensory dysfunctions 98 (85.9%), urinary incontinence 58 (50.9%), gait and balance disorder 86 (75.4%), polypharmacy 107 (93.9%). The functionality of activity of daily living scale was evaluated with the Katz scale, founding 41 patients (36.8%) A, 24 (21.9%) B, 10 (9.6%) C, and less functionality 36 (31.7%) patients. Instrumental activity of daily living was evaluated using Lawton scale founding > 5/8 18 (15.8%) patients. The FoF prevalence was 34%, and was associated to patients with lower albumin levels (p=0.04), higher HbA1c levels (p=0.02) and we identified urinary incontinence OR 1.32 (CI 95%: 1.01–1.72) p=0.03 and orthostatic hypotension OR 10.56 (95% CI 9.97–11.17) p < 0.01. Declining functionality for FoF leads the elderly person to a loss of quality of life. Knowledge of this entity is limited, the results of meta-analysis are inconclusive, knowing the associated factors could contribute to the prevention and management of this syndrome.

Introduction: Lymphedema treatment is being currently being performed by a multi-disciplinary health team using a complex physical-combined decongestion therapy. Objective: To evaluate patient response to the first 10 sessions of a complex physical-combined decongestion therapy to treat lower-limb lymphedema.Method: Twenty patients with lower-limb lymphedema were evaluated and treated with 10 sessions of a complex physical-combined decongestion therapy, which includes: manual lymphatic drainage, multi-layer bandage and mio-lymphatic kinetic exercises. The edema reduction percentage was compared, based on the lower limb perimeter by evaluating 9 measurements s taken at the beginning and at the end of the sessions cycle, along with volumetric calculations.Results: Male patients that completed the therapy showed a 5.2% decrease in their lower limb perimeter, while female patients showed a 6.2% decrease. Volumetric measurements decreased by 8.7% in males and 13.6% in females.Conclusion: To achieve an optimal result in a short period of time (10 sessions), a complex physical-combined decongestion therapy is required. (C) 2015 SEACV. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir en mujeres venezolanas en edad fertil, las caracteristicas del ciclo menstrual (CM) segun variables socio-demograficas (con enfasis en ocupacion), medicas, antecedentes obs-tetricos, exposicion a agentes quimicos y estilos de vida. Metodologia: Estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo en 180 mujeres en edad fertil, mediante encuesta previamente validada. Resultados y discusion: La duracion del CM tuvo una mediana de 28 dias, el percentil 25 se ubico en 28 dias y el percentil 75 fue 30 dias, con un porcentaje de ciclos cortos (<24 dias) y largos (≥ 33 dias) de 3,9 y 2,2 %, respectivamente . La duracion del sangrado menstrual tuvo una mediana de 5 dias, el percentil 25 se ubico en 4 dias y el percentil 75 fue 5 dias. Ciento cincuenta y una mujeres (83,9 %) presentaron irregularidad del CM y 146 (81,1 %), en la duracion del sangrado . Ambas irregularidades resultaron significativamente mayores entre las mujeres de 20 a 34 anos y solteras. Se detecto una correlacion negativa y significativa entre la edad y la duracion del san-grado menstrual (

Objetivo: Describir en mujeres venezolanas en edad fértil, las características del ciclo menstrual (CM) según variables socio-demográficas (con énfasis en ocupación), médicas, antecedentes obstétricos, exposición a agentes químicos y estilos de vida. Metodología: Estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo en 180 mujeres en edad fértil, mediante encuesta previamente validada. Resultados y discusión: La duración del CM tuvo una mediana de 28 días, el percentil 25 se ubicó en 28 días y el percentil 75 fue 30 días, con un porcentaje de ciclos cortos (<24 días) y largos (≥ 33 días) de 3,9 y 2,2 %, respectivamente. La duración del sangrado menstrual tuvo una mediana de 5 días, el percentil 25 se ubicó en 4 días y el percentil 75 fue 5 días. Ciento cincuenta y una mujeres (83,9 %) presentaron irregularidad del CM y 146 (81,1 %), en la duración del sangrado. Ambas irregularidades resultaron significativamente mayores entre las mujeres de 20 a 34 años y solteras. Se detectó una correlación negativa y significativa entre la edad y la duración del sangrado menstrual (p = 0,035). Al comparar la duración del sangrado menstrual según la profesión/ ocupación se detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (prueba de Kruskal-Wallis: p < 0,05), coincidente con publicaciones que muestran alteraciones menstruales más frecuentes en mujeres trabajadoras, en algunas profesiones específicas y en las que trabajan por turnos. Con respecto a los agentes químicos, se encontró una diferencia significativa respecto a la duración del CM en la población expuesta a plaguicidas, consistente con estudios publicados. Igualmente, hubo una significación estadística entre las personas que consumen café con la presencia, tanto de irregularidades del CM como del sangramiento. Sin embargo, no hubo significación cuando se calculó dicha asociación con base en la cantidad de cafeína estimada. Conclusiones: En el marco de las limitaciones de un estudio descriptivo, tanto la duración del CM como la del sangrado, teóricamente estuvieron dentro de lo normal. Sin embargo, el porcentaje de variabilidad fue importante y debe ser considerado. La ocupación, el consumo de café y la exposición a plaguicidas resultaron variables que influenciaron la duración del sangramiento. La metodología usada permitió la caracterización del CM y representa el comienzo de futuras investigaciones en Venezuela usando una muestra mayor e incluyendo otros posibles factores que pudieran determinar las características del CM.

RESUMENObjetivo: Describir, en mujeres venezolanas en edad fertil, las caracteristicas del ciclo menstrual segun variables socio-demograficas, medicas, antecedentes obstetricos y estilos de vida. Metodos: Estudio epidemiologico observacional, transversal y descriptivo-correlacional, en 180 mujeres en edad fertil, mediante encuesta previamente validada. Resultados y Discusion : No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las mujeres con menstruacion frecuente, de duracion normal o infrecuente, al comparar entre los grupos el numero de dias de duracion de la menstruacion. El promedio de frecuencia de la menstruacion fue 28,88 ± 7,564 dias, con un porcentaje del sangrado frecuente ( 38 dias) de 3,9 y 1,1 % respectivamente. La duracion promedio del sangrado menstrual fue 4,77 ± 1,269 dias. Nueve (5 %) de las mujeres presentaron alteraciones de la frecuencia de la menstruacion y 76 (42,3 %), en la duracion del sangrado. Las alteraciones del sangrado resultaron significativamente mayores entre las mujeres de 20 a 34 anos y solteras. Se detecto una correlacion negativa y significativa, entre la edad y la duracion del sangrado menstrual (P=0,035).

*Universidad de Carabobo 1Farmaceutico. Master of Science en Toxicologia. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. MRM-CONSULTOX. Venezuela. rojas.m@interlink.net.ve 2Lic. en Relaciones Industriales. Doctora en Ciencias Sociales. Facultad de Ciencias Economicas y Sociales (FACES). Venezuela. yamilesmith@gmail.com 3Lic. en Relaciones Industriales. Facultad de Ciencias Economicas y Sociales (FACES). Venezuela. marielarodriguez1604@gmail.com 4Psicologo Clinico. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion (FACE). Venezuela. angelmuh@hotmail.com 5Lic. en Educacion. Master of Science en Educacion. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion (FACE). Venezuela. alexneile@gmail.com Introduccion

The leaves of Calea prunifolia H.B.K., medicinal specie used in Colombian folk medicine for hypertension have been analysed for their chemical constituents, resulting in the isolation of one flavonoid glycoside, one quinic acid derivative and one kaurane diterpenoid glycoside. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis, including HRMS, 1D- and 2D-NMR data. The vasodilator effect related to anti adrenergic activity of the three compounds was evaluated in isolated aortic rings from Wistar rats contracted cumulatively with phenylephrine (from 1 x 10(-9) to 5 x 10(-5) mol L-1). Although these compounds were devoid of significant vasodilator activity when they were tested alone (1 mu g mL(-1)), mixtures of them (1: 1: 1) and the own EtOH extract exerted preventive anti-adrenergic activity increasing the phenylephrine CE50 from 2.3 x 10(-8) to 1.3 x 10(-7) and 8.0 x 10(-7) mol L-1, respectively.

OBJECTIVES:This study was aimed at determining the living conditions, work practices, health effects and associated occupational risk factors in children working in a public market in Valencia, Venezuela.METHODOLOGY:A questionnaire was administered which included demographic and exposure variables; a descriptive analysis was then made of the data. Forty-four children were selected.RESULTS:The average workday lasted 9.2 + or - 3.2 hours/day. Children were most frequently employed in selling provisions and fruit (43.2 %); 22.7 % of them were evidently backward at school. The symptoms most reported were headache (84%), stress (59.1 %) and fatigue (58.2 %). Occupational accidents were reported by 11.4 % of the children and 2.3 % had suffered an occupational disease related to their present activity. The most frequently occurring occupational risks were discomfort caused by heat (93.2 %), noise (88.6 %) and repetitive work (84.1 %). A significant, indirect correlation was found between age and stress (p=0.04), as in publications showing that the negative impact of stress is more severe in children aged less than 10. It was determined that being a minor had greater significant association with the occupational risk of having greater exposure to organic toxic waste (p=0.017) and working under pressure (p=0.04).CONCLUSIONS:There is no systematic data collection programme for assessing child labour in Venezuela even though a variety of risk factors have been identified and perceived for children. More sensitive indicators are required for the early identification of effects and how to control exposure to the risks mentioned above so that the problem can be studied in greater depth.

Especies del genero Piper son reportadas como promisorias para el tratamiento de enfermedades tropicales. Este estudio evalua la actividad citotoxica y leishmanicida de extractos y fracciones de diferente polaridad obtenidas de las especies vegetales Piper cumanense (P. cumanense) y Piper holtonii (P. holtonii); se emplearon macro- fagos murinos J774 y promastigotes de Leishmania panamensis MHOM/CO/87/ UA140. La fraccion hexanica (PcH) presento un efecto leishmanicida con una selectividad de 2 en los modelos in vitro empleados. Esta selectividad permite sugerir una potencial actividad antileishmanial, que amerita seguir siendo explorada.

This study was aimed at determining the living conditions, work practices, health effects and associated occupational risk factors in children working in a public market in Valencia, Venezuela.A questionnaire was administered which included demographic and exposure variables; a descriptive analysis was then made of the data. Forty-four children were selected.The average workday lasted 9.2 + or - 3.2 hours/day. Children were most frequently employed in selling provisions and fruit (43.2 %); 22.7 % of them were evidently backward at school. The symptoms most reported were headache (84%), stress (59.1 %) and fatigue (58.2 %). Occupational accidents were reported by 11.4 % of the children and 2.3 % had suffered an occupational disease related to their present activity. The most frequently occurring occupational risks were discomfort caused by heat (93.2 %), noise (88.6 %) and repetitive work (84.1 %). A significant, indirect correlation was found between age and stress (p=0.04), as in publications showing that the negative impact of stress is more severe in children aged less than 10. It was determined that being a minor had greater significant association with the occupational risk of having greater exposure to organic toxic waste (p=0.017) and working under pressure (p=0.04).There is no systematic data collection programme for assessing child labour in Venezuela even though a variety of risk factors have been identified and perceived for children. More sensitive indicators are required for the early identification of effects and how to control exposure to the risks mentioned above so that the problem can be studied in greater depth.

Objectives This study was aimed at determining the living conditions, work practices, health effects and associated occupational risk factors in children working in a public market in Valencia, Venezuela.